The immounological responses to S. aureus cell wall antigens, namely crude or whole cell, teichoic acid (TA) peptidoglycan prepared in conventional way (CPG), cell wall (CW), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) were investigated by number of immunological methods e.g. RIA, ELISA, immunodiffusion and western blotting techniques.Also a method for preparation of peptidoglycan (MPG) was modified and used as vaccine for our protection studies. In general the responses in rabbits (serum titre) to fractions of S. aureus, varied, crued antigen showed the highest end-point titer while lipoteichoic acid showed the lowest end-point. The highest end-point titre was always seen between homologous sera and antigens. Modified pepdidoglycan and cell wall (PG + TA) showed the similar titre against S. epidermidis hyperimmueserum. The cross – reactivty was also seen between fractions by S. aureus Bate. S. aureus Wood (lack protein A) S. epidermidis and streptococci against various immune sera tested by Elisa and gel diffiusion. The results demonstrated that protective antibody can be obtained between different strain or species of bacteria due to the presence of common antigen or antigenes especially PG in gram - positive bacteria.

In this research the sensitivity analysis of the geometric parameters such as: length, thickness and width of a single link flexible manipulator on maximum deflection (MD) of the end effector and vibration energy (VE) of that point are conducted. The equation of motion of the system is developed based on Gibbs-Appel (G-A) formulation. Also for modeling the elastic property of the system the assumption of assumed modes method (AMM) is applied. In this study, two theories are used to obtain the end-point MD and VE of the end effector. Firstly, the assumption of Timoshenko beam theory (TBT) has been applied to consider the effects of shear and rotational inertia. After that, Euler-Bernoulli beam theory (EBBT) is used. Then Sobol’s sensitivity analysis method is applied to determine how VE and end-point MD is influenced by those geometric parameters. At the end of the research, results of two mentioned theories are compared.

The main objective of this research is to investigate the predictability of the starting points (floor) and the end (roof) of the short-term stock price trend using the Naibouz model for providing a decision support system. In this research, two variables including calendar and technical variables for modeling were used. The results of this study showed that the model used to identify and predict the end points (roof) in the stock price chart has a better performance than the other, and also the accuracy of the model used in the thirty of the industry survey has discrepancy differences. This is a generalization of the results of this research and the use of the Naibouz model to predict the points in the various industries. We can confidently comment on the turbulence behavior of the starting and ending points in the stock price chart, but we need to pay careful attention to probable behavior.

In this paper we consider the problem of blood vessel segmentation in retinal images. After enhancing the retinal image we use green channel of images for segmentation as it provides better discrimination between vessels and background. We consider the negative of retinal green channel image as a topographical surface and extract ridge points on this surface. The points with this property are located on the centerline of vessels. In presence of noise and non-uniform illumination the extracted ridge points appear as separated points which consist parts of vessel centerline. In order to connect separated ridge points and extending them for thin vessel extraction, we introduce a bank of directional filters to determine proper direction for extending the ridge end points. The ridge end points grow to provide link between separated parts of centerline using the introduced procedure. The result of experiment on images in the DRIVE database shows the proposed method outperforms the existing methods. Performance of the proposed method was evaluated based on accuracy, false positive and false negative criteria.

In this paper we give a general solution to the problem of ¯nding UMVUE for function of the unknown end points of the support of a uniform distribution.

Infiltration in the soil is one of the determining parameters in irrigation, which affects all factors related to irrigation evaluation. On the other hand, spatial and temporal variability of infiltration parameters are a major physical limitation in managing and achieving high application efficiency of surface irrigation. The objective of the present study is to evaluate scaling method in estimating the infiltration equation parameters in furrow irrigation based on Elliott-Walker, Shepard et al., Ebrahimian et al., infilt, Valiants and Milapali methods, and also to evaluation the accuracy of the middle point and end point for the scale process. For this purpose, a reference infiltration curve is considered and then using the time of to reach the middle and end of the furrow, the scale factor of that furrow is obtained. In this research, the measured data for six furrows with soil texture and different input data were considered. According to the results, if the furrow end point is used to calculate the scaling factor in the Scaling method, the accuracy of this method will be significantly increased .Based on the evaluation, Ebrahimian's method had the best results. In the infilt method, there is no noticeable difference between using the middle point and the end point. In many cases, using the middle point in order to obtain the parameters of the penetration equation overestimates the advance value. The simplicity of the one-point scaling method is one of the advantages of this method in comparison with other methods of obtaining penetration parameters

Optimal operation of multipurpose reservoirs is one of the complex and sometimes nonlinear problems in the field of multi-objective optimization. Evolutionary algorithms are optimization tools that search decision space using simulation of natural biological evolution and present a set of points as the optimum solutions of problem. In this research، application of multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) in optimal operation of Bazoft reservoir with different objectives، including generating hydropower energy، supplying downstream demands (drinking، industry and agriculture)، recreation and flood control have been considered. In this regard، solution sets of the MOPSO algorithm in bi-combination of objectives and compromise programming (CP) using different weighting and power coefficients have been first compared that the MOPSO algorithm in all combinations of objectives is more capable than the CP to find solution with appropriate distribution and these solutions have dominated the CP solutions. Then، ending points of solution set from the MOPSO algorithm and nonlinear programming (NLP) results have been compared. Results showed that the MOPSO algorithm with 0. 3 percent difference from the NLP results has more capability to present optimum solutions in the ending points of solution set.

It is known that there is an association between elevated total plasma homocysteine level and restenosis after percutaneous coronary angioplasty. To evaluate the effect of lowering plasma homocysteine levels on the rate of restenosis after stent-percutaneous coronary angioplasty. Folic acid (1 mg) or placebo was administered to 200 patients (mean ± SD age of 54 ± 9 years) for 3 months, after successful coronary angioplasty in a double-blind randomized clinical trial. The primary end point was restenosis within six months, as assessed by quantitative coronary angiography after positive exercise tolerance test. The secondary end point was a composite of major cardiac events. Base line characteristics and initial angiographic results after stent-percutaneous coronary angioplasty were similar in the two study groups. The rate of restenosis showed no significant difference in the two groups (5% in placebo vs. 10% in folic acid groups; P = 0.141), as there was the need for revascularization of the target lesion (4% in both groups; P = 0.766). Treatment with folic acid does not decrease the rate of restenosis and need for revascularization of the target lesion after stent-percutaneous coronary angioplasty.

This paper evaluates a new and simple controller design method based on QFT (quantitative feedback theory) for a two-link manipulator whose first link is rigid and the second is flexible. A piezoelectric patch is attached to the surface of the flexible link for vibration suppression of it. This system is modeled as a nonlinear multi-input multi-output (MIMO) control systems whose inputs are two motor torques which are applied on the joints and a voltage which is applied on the piezoelectric patch. To control the manipulator’s end point position, motion of the manipulator is divided to two rigid and flexible parts. To control both parts, nonlinear equations of the motion is replaced by a family of uncertain linear time-invariant equivalent systems using Rafeeyan-Sobhani’s method(RS method) which results in three decoupled transfer functions established in the Laplace domain. Then the QFT method is used to design a diagonal matrix as the prefilter of the system an another diagonal matrix as the system controller. Results demonstrate the remarkable performance of the proposed controllers in reduction of residual vibration of elastic link and tracking a circular trajectory by the manipulator end point.

The Isomeric Yield Ratio (IYR) of 115m,gCd in the 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70 and 75 MeV bremsstrahlung induced reaction of natCd has been determined for the first time by off-line gamma ray spectrometric technique using 100 MeV electron linac at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang, Korea. The IYR of 115m,gCd as a function of bremsstrahlung energy was also calculated theoretically using computer code TALYS 1.6. The experimental IYR in the 116Cd(γ,n)115m,gCd reaction obtained in the present work along with literature data at lower energies are compared with the theoretical value from TALYS and found to be in general agreement. It was observed that the experimental and theoretical IYR of 115m,gCd increases with the increase of end-point bremsstrahlung energy, which shows the effect of excitation energy. It was also seen that the IYR of 115m,gCd increases sharply from the reaction threshold value to end-point bremsstrahlung energy of 18 MeV and thereafter increase slowly. This indicates the role of Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR) besides the effect of excitation energy.