Creeping behavior of fine grained soils under constant loading over time is a significant subject in evaluating their behavior and the long-term settlements of foundations of the high rise buildings and lateral displacements of various retaining structures in contact of these soils. Grain soils often have no significant creeping behavior. This study, conducted on undisturbed samples of fine-grained soils of clay and silt from different parts of the city of Mashhad. By continuing constant loading over time consistent with the creep studies of a number of researchers, the changes of creeping coefficients were investigated after the main consolidation stage; in addition, the results of the secondary consolidation of the samples were evaluated and controlled by previous investigations. By using regression statistical analysis, the correlations of creep coefficients with other physical characteristic parameters of the fine grain samples has been evaluated. Studies on fine grained specimens in the city of Mashhad showed that they were mainly clay and silt with a low level of liquidity. In the statistical analysis of regression, the secondary consolidation coefficient and creep behavior of samples in the type of fine-grained clay CL with physical characteristic parameters of fine grained samples, especially with coefficient of compression, is more significant than the regression of ML fine-grained samples. Correlational equations have been analyzed and presented for both groups of local fine-grained soils. In addition, the results are compared with the limits of the proposed secondary compression coefficients of other researchers. The results can be used in predicting control and rapid calculations of creeping settlements, and displacements of high-rise structures, retaining structures, etc. in the city over time under constant load. For rapid initial calculations, without the need for results of long-term experiments, relationships of coefficients of creep behavior were obtained through regression analyses with other physical properties of fine grained material. The results of statistical analyzes for the clayey fine-grained soils have a more significant correlation with the physical properties of the soil than the fine-grained silts.

The microstructure characteristics of the material have a significant effect on the results of plastic deformation processes. In this research, the effect of the coarse and fine-grained microstructure on the microhardness and surface quality in the roller burnishing process has been scrutinized. To facilitate comparison of the results, the input parameters including the size of the workpieces, speed, feed rate, the number of passes, the penetration depth, and burnishing tool were selected the same in all experiments. The results revealed that before the surface devastation, the arithmetic average of surface roughness of the coarse-grained microstructure decreased more than the fine-grained microstructure. Moreover, the penetration depth of the burnishing tool in the coarse-grained microstructure is more than the fine-grained, which indicates its proper ductility. With increasing the number of passes in the roller burnishing process, the surface microhardness of coarse and fine-grained microstructures has gradually increased and in all cases, the microhardness of the fine-grained microstructure is higher than the coarse-grained microstructure. Measurement of sub-surface hardness values shows that the microhardness in coarse-grained microstructure has increased to a greater depth than the fine-grained structure.

In nature, sandy soils are rarely clean and often contain some clay and silt. These fines grain have a significant effect on the resistance and dilation behavior of sandy soils. Therefore, in this study, resistance and dilation behavior of sand mixture with fine grains such as silt and clay using a small scale direct shear test have been studied. Tests are conducted on specimens of sand with various fine content ranging from 0 to 40%, density of 30, 60 and 90 percent and the samples are subjected to three normal stresses 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg/cm2 with two percent of optimum and saturation moisture. The test results show with increase in percentage of fine grains, the shear strength of sandy soil decrease and with increase in percentage of clay the shear strength decreases further. Also, dilation angle and angle of friction decreases with increase fine grains content and cohesion parameter increases with increase fine grains, Of course, it more increases with increase clay content and the rate of change of the cohesion parameter increases with increasing fine-grained percentage.

By adding perlite and leca to porous concrete, its physical characteristics were studied. Compression strength, hydraulic conductivity and porosity of two porous concretes (without fine grains and with 20% fine grains) were measured. Results showed that adding 20% fine grains to porous concrete highly decreases hydraulic conductivity and porosity and increases compression strength. The highest compression strength (20.5 MPa) was seen in without-fine-grains samples (L10-0 treatment) and in with-fine-grains samples (34.85 MPa) in L15-20 treatment. The L5-0 treatment in both cases of with/without additives, had the highest hydraulic conductivity and porosity. Leca had better performance than perlite.

The existence of vast areas covered with aeolian sand in many regions of Iran has made the use of this type of soil inevitable in engineering projects. Considering the abundance of fine-grained soil in Khuzestan plain along with the aeolian sand, it is important to investigate the effect of the addition of fine-grained soil to aeolian sand to improve its dry density and bearing capacity. In the present research, different percentages of fine-grained soil were added to aeolian sand from Khuzestan plain to determine its effect on the maximum dry density (dmax), optimum water content (opt) and California bearing ratio (CBR) of the aeolian sand and fine-grained soil mixture. It was found that an increase in the percentage of fine-grained soil increased the dmax and decreased the opt. The CBR of the soil increased under tests performed at the optimum water content and decreased under saturated conditions. The highest CBR for penetrations of 2.5 and 5 mm (CBR (2.5) and CBR (5)) when the samples were tested at an optimum water content was for the sample where the ratio of the dry weight of the fine-grained soil (WS(F)) to dry weight of the aeolian sand (WS(S)) is equal 40%. Comparison of the results of the current and previous research showed that, in areas such as the Khuzestan plain in which fine-grained soil is available, the use of such soil for improvement of aeolian sand is appropriate.

The use of industrial waste, such as steel slag, in the road construction industry, to reduce the use of stone materials and also the environmental benefits of reusing these materials is very important. Research on the use of steel slag as an alternative to stone materials in asphalt pavements has been carried out for many years due to the improvement of some of the main properties of these mixtures. In these researches, slag in general (including fine-grained and coarse-grained with the same percentage) or coarse-grained has replaced the stone materials. However, since some properties of asphalt mixtures show different effects by changing the fine-grained materials or a different combination of fine-grained and coarse-grained to the simultaneous and equal replacement of fine-grained and coarse-grained, in this research, optimum percentage of using slag materials in fine-grained and coarse-grained size has been investigated using the response surface method. In this regard, different mixing schemes of this substitution have been investigated using modulus of resistance, Marshall resistance, indirect tension and moisture sensitivity tests. Results of the performed experiments and their analysis has determined the type of fine-grained and coarse-grained behavior in asphalt mixtures, and finally, for each experiment, the proposed model has been determined based on the research conditions.

Fine grain products are harvested in two manual and mechanized forms. Nowadays, common combine harvesters are used, but fine grain products such as Rapeseed, Sesame and Sorghum cannot be harvested with conventional heads of combine harvesters due to the excessive grain loss in the head of the combine. Therefore, the necessity of design and fabricating machines and heads of combine harvesters became the center of attention to researchers because of the nutritional and medicinal benefits of fine-grain products. This research, encompasses an overview of the special headers and machines for harvesting three type of fine grain products with high loss and an evaluation of each of these harvesters.

Liquefaction is the cause of many earthquake-induced failures in loose to semi-dense saturated deposits. Most recently published works have been focused on the liquefaction potential of clean sands, but the studies on silt and silty sands particularly the effect of cyclic stress ratio (CSR) on the critical silt content in the evaluation of sand liquefaction potential with 40% fine grains and more, have received less attention. Hence, the present work attempts to determine the effects of CSR, backpressure, the percentage of non-plastic fine-grain contents, and the effect of pressure on the saturated soil using cyclic triaxial experiment at a constant confining pressure. Samples were prepared by mixing 161-Firoozkuh Sand with three different amounts of silt including 0, 30, and 60 wt%. The experiment continued by the “wet tamping method” in which samples were made with a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 10 cm. All samples were compacted under constant confining pressure of 100 kPa at a relative density of 32%, following the recommendation of ASTM.D-5311. According to the obtained results, with increasing the silt in the sand by 30%, a decrease in liquefaction resistance occurred, but with a further increase of silt to sandy soil with 60% silt, an increase in liquefaction resistance was observed. This indicates that systematic progress from pure sand to sand with 30% silt, led the fine particles of silt to fill the voids between coarser particles of sand. This resulted in reducing the soil drainage capacity during earthquake vibrations or cyclic loading. Therefore, the liquefaction potential increases in these conditions, but the sand-like behavior still prevails up to 30% fine-grained, and then a further increase beyond 30% changes the soil behavior and the soil adopts fine-grained behavior, which reduces the liquefaction potential. The effects of CSR on liquefaction behavior of all soil samples of this study have been evident that with changes in the CSR, the percentage of fine particles that cause the highest pore water pressure, respectively, change. In this regard, the equation of liquefaction curve is presented in the range of sandy to loamy sands. The results showed that by increasing the silt content up to 30%, a decrease in liquefaction resistance occurred, and then a further increase in the silt content caused an increase in the resistance. It was observed that by increasing fine grains up to 30%, the behavior of sand is predominant, however, when the content of fine grains exceeds 30%, the behavior of fine grains and silt is dominant. Collectively, the results show that changes in the value of CSR causes a regular change in the percentage of fine particles that cause the highest pore water pressure. On the other hand, the effect of backpressure on the soil skeleton in the saturation state (B-value) of the samples on the result of liquefaction potential and the resulting strains was insignificant in sand with 60% silt and somewhat more pronounced in sand with 30% silt.

Fine grain materials exhibit excellent mechanical properties and are widely used in various industries. One way to produce fine grain bar is by using the severe plastic deformation techniques. Cyclic extrusion and expansion of the sample is used as one of the methods of severe plastic deformation for production of fine-grained bars. As the length of piece increases, the friction force increases, so that the required force for shaping operation is increased to such an extent that the process cannot be performed. For solving this problem, the "Cyclic Extrusion and Expansion under Hydrostatic Pressure" is proposed as a new method of severe plastic deformation for production of long-length fine-grained bars. In this method, the forming operation was done by using a pressure oil, so the hydrostatic compressive stresses are applying to the material and improve the mechanical properties. Also, the results of simulation of finite elements of this method show the effect of friction coefficient on the forming force and independence of the forming force from the bar length due to the hydrostatic process. Therefor the process is capable of producing rods of long length and fine structure. Results of pure copper rebar underwent this process showing that the yield strength and final strength increased by 200% and 33%, respectively. Also, the sample hardness increased substantially by 120%, and the distribution of relatively homogeneous hardness in rebar diameter was obtained. The microstructure results showed a fine-grain after the process, with the grain size reduced to 8μm in center and 5μm in outer diameter.

The main purpose of this paper is to reveal the volume effect of ultrasonic vibrations on the plastic behavior of S355J2 steel specimens with different grain sizes and investigate the decrease in the Yield strength and ultimate strength of these steel specimens. For this study, samples of grain size of 10, 35 and 60 microns were created by performing various cycles of normalization and annealing heat treatments. An experimental setup was designed and developed for the tensile test with ultrasonic vibration. The tensile test was carried out at a room temperature and constant speed of 1 mm /min and it was found that by applying 390 watts of vibrations, the yield strength reduction of steel specimens with a grain size of 10, 35 and 60 microns was 8%, 18% and 27%, respectively. . The grain boundary length in fine-grain specimens is greater than the largest-grain specimens, therefore, the sound energy is distributed over the boundary. Therefore, the effect of applying ultrasonic vibrations on fine-grain specimens is less than that of largest grains and the yield strength and ultimate strength of fine-grain specimens showed a lower reduction