The soil studies are necessary for all of investigation of natural resources. One of the common soil studying method in natural resources is Geology method. This method, was applied in Hasanjoon sub-catchments of Taleghan drainage basing which is located in to longitude and to latitude, and having considerable geological variation. First, the map of geology units with photo logy and field checks using geographic information system, (scale 1:20000)was prepared. Then 60 profiles and soil samples were analyzed physically and chemically and pH, Ec, %OM, %caco3, %silt, %sand and clay were determined. Results of statistical test showed that, geology method is proper appropriate for primary study, because geology units are significantly different together. It is necessary to separate faces from litho logy for soil science study, because geology units are not homogenous and the profiles located at material have significant difference (except pH). Therefore for overall investigation and at identification stage, geology method can be useful, but for common soil science in natural resources, this method only is suitable to evaluate pH.

Interest in metadiscourse markers use in Research Articles (RAs) of different disciplines has grown among discourse and genre researchers. Among the hard sciences, Geology and its’ sub-disciplines have received scant attention. This is while Geology postgraduate students’ original research findings fail to get published in high ranked journals of their specialty, partly due to their insufficient knowledge of the correct use of metadiscourse markers in their RAs. In the present study, using Hyland and Tse’s theoretical framework (2004), we focused on the type and frequency of metadiscourse markers use in six main Geology sub-disciplines (i.e., Engineering Geology, Sedimentology, Seismology, Petrology, Palaeontology, and Geotechnics). To answer the research questions raised in the study, 180 RAs from 73 high ranked journals were selected from the main corpora. The results from the word by word analyses of the articles revealed that, except for endophoric markers, the six sub-disciplines demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the type and frequency of metadiscourse features. In addition, the results indicated that Petrology, Engineering Geology, and Sedimentology demonstrated a higher frequency in the employment of interactive markers compared to their three Geology counterparts. Contrarily, the three sub-disciplines, namely Seismology, Palaeontology, and Geotechnics showed a higher frequency in the application of interactional metadiscourse elements. The findings of the study have implications for genre researchers, ESP instructors, and Geology novice authors.

One of the most important steps in road construction is the initial route design step or the zero-phase study. Before road construction, there must be a comprehensive checkup for the region around the site to detect the most safest and economical route. Nowadays, it is obvious that not much paying attention to the environmental geology and the safety of the developmental plans will lead to the waste of land resources, environmental and economic disaster which is completely against sustainable development between related communities. In order to eliminate economic and environmental damages, the zero phase study of the region and gathering of information is necessary. The main purpose in this article is to present the optimal route of the environmental geology, engineering and economic from Kabudarahang County in Hamadan province to Saveh County in Markazi province. Therefore the optimal and smallest route between mentioned regions considering the geology (lithology, Layers geometric, faults and joints), rivers, topography, vegetation coverage, land use and protected areas has been designed. In the first of the achieving purpose, informational layers from different resources were gathered. Then, these vector layers converted to raster layers and after performing the geo-referencing step, the comparison of layers was possible. Therefore the weight function of each layer in comparison of each criterion was calculated to evaluate different information layers. Then Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was utilized to compare the results from different information layers. Results gathered from AHP in ArcGIS program shows that presented routing is more favorable in environmental geology and do less pass from regions covered by vegetation or even rivers and faults. In other hands, designed route will lead to time and design cost savings. All the mentioned parameters are ways to achieve the optimal route. In addition to benefits of designed route in environmental geology in spite of constructed route, results show that the designed route is shorter than the existing route. Also the cut/fill operation volume of the new route will lead to reduce the costs of constructions.

Among various regions of Iran, Northern areas are taken in account as a vast area having the most landslides. Due to population as well as natural situations is ready to awful fanatical and vital damages. Examining effective factor on occurrence of locally earthquakes and also zonation on lands of a region can be an effective measure forminimizing related damages for instant by moving population from the risky area. Regarding to this measure, zoning map should be prepared for those regions.The basic method applied through the present study includes field examining and preparing data layers based on existing maps and other sources, the effective factors in occurrence of earthquakes were examined and the most effective factors were determined as geology, soil examination, linear elements, slope, rainfall, land use andelevation. Results showed that the significance rate for geology, soil examination, linear elements, slope, rainfall, land application, and elevation are 0/4, 0/22, 0/16, 0/11, 0/045, and 0/045,and 0/002, respectively (defined scale between 0 to 10). Thus it can bedemonstrated that effect of geology on the region was more than other factors; soil examination, linear factor, slope, rainfall, land use and elevation, respectively.

Benefiting from geology basis can be of great importance in the process of criminal investigation. Geology has been used over the past 100 years to solve the crime cases all over the world, but the importance of it has been neglected in our country. Examining the works done, the present paper tries to clarify the significance of forensic geology in solving crime cases. The results of the study demonstrates that experts of the field working in more organized investigative teams must come systematically to the scene to bring about fruitful results in this respect in our country. Special training courses should also be provided for the experts of the field.

Frequency Domain Electromagnetic surveys are being used for various applications like mineral and water exploration, environmental hazards and buried human-made materials because of its resolution and fast acquisition for low depth targets. Resistivity and its depth for each frequency could be calculated in a simpler approach and shorter time than Iterative Inversion Method, Called Straight or Fast Inversion Methods, by assuming earth as a homogeneous half space. Barika’s Anomaly situated in Alut Geology 1:100,000 sheets in west Azerbaijan is studied in order to prospect gold_ lead mineralization which has been detected in systematic geochemical and litho-geochemical surveys. In this paper we studied different Fast Inversion algorithms for synthetic data then applied the best method for real data. Resistivity distribution for each frequency produced and appropriate interpretation according to geology acquired. The results showed that there is a good correlation between low resistivity and shear zones. Also geology map can be modified with higher frequency resistivity.

Pumped storage reservoirs are one of the newest systems in saving electricity. According to importance of convey water for placed the turbine and knowing that, almost of instability of underground area is for ignorance in some engineering geology parameters, we have decided to investigate this parameters. In this research we have been studied the engineering geology parameters along tunnel, changing in some of these parameters are shown in Rockwork 2008. After all with the new classification called IRMR the engineering geology parameters of rock mass have been studied, compare the result with classic classification, RMR and GSI shown that the outlet and entrance of tunnel are under bad situation. At the next, studied of joint for recognized the wedge base on finite element method have been investigate. Eventually with emphasis on rock bursting, squeezing and geomechanic studied the admissible advancement step for two section of tunnel base on FLAC 3D have been carried out. Using such studied make safety in services and reduce the spent-time.

The holy Quran as the most important base for structure of transcendental philosophy and the main base of this ideology and philosophical system has the significant role. Sadrotaalehin has an innumerably love and devotion to the Holly Quran so he offered his entire education and his arts for more understanding of this great Devine miracle in such a way that not only with strong conviction to Holly Quran and anecdote even for solving some issues he inspired from the spirit of the Quran ،and in some geology issues he uses Quran as an advocation for his arguments and studies. In many geology issues he referred to verses of Quran ،that in this article we will deal with a part of intellectual foundations, Molasadras viewpoints regarding to geology including: originality of existence ،doubt of existence, possibility and obligation, power and action, intrinsic motion, creation and temporality, and creation of the living world by citation of Holly Quran.

Khorramabad plain is located in folded Zagros in classification of structural geology. The investigations of hydrochemical results in this area show that groundwater is calcic bicarbonate to magnesium type and water quality is suitable for drinking and agriculture. But according to composition of geological formation (chalky-salty Gachsaran and Limeston Sarvak, Ilam, Asmari Formation) in this area, the quality of karstic resources and reserves is vulnerable. Also this studies show that most of the elements (except for Ammonia amount in some samples and Fluorine) in groundwater occurred in the world standard global range and have not problem in regard to environmental geology.

Geology can be considered as a tool for interpreting the holy Quran and help in interpreting the related verses through observing the rules of interpretation science. In this article verses containing the expression “ÇáÇÑ֔ are interpreted regarding this viewpoint. The results of this research show that from among 115 verses containing this expression 44 verses are not related to geology concepts and the related sciences and should not try to interpret them through this science.