BackgroundHead lice infestation (pediculosis) is a serious health problem that can cause a high level of anxiety and psychological frustration, especially in developing countries.Socio-demographic factors are important determinants of the occurrence of head lice infestation. This study aimed to determine the head lice infestations and the factors affecting the rate of infestationin primary school girls.
Materials and MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, a total of 358 school girls from two urban and three rural primary school girls in Sirik County, Southern Iran, were randomly selected. For the diagnosis of head lice infestation, students were examined carefully by visual inspection of the scalp and hair for the presence of lice. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic and associated factors of head lice infestation. SPSS version 21.0 was used to analyze the data.
ResultsThe prevalence of head lice infestation among primary school girls was 56.15%. There were significant associations between head lice infestation and age (pConclusionThe head lice infestation is one of the major public health problems in primary school girls of Sirik County. It seems that improvement of socio-economic conditions and also health education programs about head lice infestation for primary school girls and their parents could significantly reduce the prevalence of head lice infestation in this area.

The head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis), is an obligate ectoparasite that is found on the hair and scalp and transmitted mainly through physical contact. In the most part of the world, pediculosis is a major public health concern, where head lice infestation is a common problem in school-age children. Present study is the first study about head lice infestation in the rural areas of Sirjan county in Iran. Considering the fact that primary school studenta are more prone to head lice infestation, this study was conducted in the all primary schools of the rural areas of Sirjan. This study was conducted to determine the head lice infestation rate and some risk factors in primary school students. The data from Iran’s National Census was used for sampling. All primary school students Between 2009 to 2010 from rural areas of the Sirjan County were selected and asked about the presence of lice (in any form). For the data analysis, chi-square test (SPSS software, version 11.5) was used and P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. A total number of 20 out of 1772 (1.12%) examined students were found to be infested by lice. Although the infestation rate was higher in girls, the difference of infestation rate between genders was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The rate of head lice infestation was siginificantly (P < 0.05) correlated to their hair-washing behavior. Parents’ literacy level also was siginificantly related to the head lice infestation rate (P < 0.05). Pediculosis is a major health problem in many parts of the world including both developed and under-developed countries. According to our findings, it seems that in populated families in which parents have lower literacy level, in families without a bathroom at home, the infestation rate was higher. Therefore, employing health workers to educate such families as well as teachers is a good method to prevent pediculosis

Pediculosis capitis is a continuous common health problem worldwide. Pediculus capitis distributes quickly in overcrowded regions. The goal of the present research was to determine some epidemiological features of head lice infestation in Khorram-shahr County, southwestern Iran. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on the patients with head lice infestation who referred to the Khorram-shahr Health Center during 2006 to 2009. The gold standard in the diagnosis of infestation was the detection of living nymphs, adults and/or nits on the scalp and hair. After the visual inspections with using a lens and the aid of an ordinary comb, cases were asked to complete a data gathering form containing some questions about demographic and epidemiologic features. The collected information was evaluated using SPSS software, version 11.5. Totally, 1091 patients were infested with pediculosis capitis. The overall prevalence of head lice infestation during the four- year period was 0.73%. Girls were significantly more infested (87.2%) than boys (12.8%). Pediculosis capitis infestations were highest (46.2%) in subjects aged 6-10 and lowest in those aged less than six (6.4%). The majority of cases lived in the rural areas. The percentage of infestation in rural and urban patients was 59.2% and 40.8%, respectively. Nearly, 11.8% of the patients with head lice had a history of infestation. Most of the cases were found in the Autumn (35.8%). Girls were more frequently infested with Pediculus capitis than boys. It can also be concluded that head lice infestation is not highly prevalent in Khorram-shahr.

Head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) is one of the common health problems of the children in elementary schools. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors associated with head lice (Pediculosis) infestation among elementary school students in Meshkinshahr County, Northwestern Iran.
This descriptive-analytic study is done over 1,950 students (1,055 girls and 895 boys) in Meshkinshahr County, North West of Iran that were selected two-stage cluster. Data collection was conducted using researcher-made questionnaire. In addition, the suspected cases were confirmed via physical examination for the presence of adult lice, and eggs. Head examinations were done by general physicians and medical entomologist experts. For data analysis, Chi-square and Regression Logistics tests were used.
In total, out of 1,950 students of primary schools, 200 students (10.25%) were infested with pediculosis. A total of 131 (12.42%) of girls, and 69 (7.71%) of boys were head lice infested. Most of head lice infested students 145 (72.5%) were in the classrooms with capacity of more than 20 students. Also, one hundred sixty-one (80.5%) of the cases were in the schools with capacity of more than 100 students. This study revealed significant differences among student’s family size, students and their parent's history of infestation, type of bathrooms, history of use shared hygiene items and head lice infestation (P The prevalence of head lice infestation in Meshkinshahr County was relatively high in comparison to other studied areas of Iran. It seems family size, students and their parent's history of infestation, type of bathrooms, and history of use shared hygiene items were probably risk factors associated with head lice infestation among students of primary schools.

Head louse, Pediculus capitis, is an obligatory ectoparasite with a worldwide distribution. Head louse infestation is still common in many countries including Iran. It causes serious health problems in many communities particularly among the school-age children. This is an important infestation, which is related to the societies with low health condition. This descriptive study was conducted on the cases with head lice infestations that attended to the Azna Health Centers and were examined by the trained health staff, during 2007. This study was carried out among the patients with head lice infestation, who referred to the Azna Health Centers, during 2007. Suspected hairs of head, nape of the neck, and around ears were examined for nits and lice, by health staff. Individuals would be considered as affected while seeing any forms of louse. Epidemiologic and demographic information of patients were recorded and collected in the questionnaires. Recorded data in the questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS software. The infestation of head lice was 95 cases in Azna County in 2007. All infested cases were found among the females. The incidence of pediculosis was greater in the villages (70.5%) than in the urban (29.5%) areas. The prevalence rate of pediculosis among the age groups of <6, 6-10, 11-17 and >17 years old were 10.5%, 62.1%, 24.2% and 3.2%, respectively. Eighteen cases (18.9%) of patients had infestation background to pediculosis and 77 cases (81.1%) were without infestation background. The frequency of nit infestation was 90 cases and with adult and nymph were five cases. Remarkable percentage of patients (78%) complained from head itching. Seventy cases of patients were observed among the people who have used of common tools such as combs and towels. Most of the patients (79%) were without healthy bathroom at home. 75.8% of patients had elementary knowledge. As the data of this study showed, head louse is an important health problem in Azna, especially among the people with low education, who live in the area with poverty, low health and overcrowded conditions. Therefore, a health behavior and knowledge promotion is recommended among the children,especially, of 6-10 age groups and school health practitioners, through education methods regarded to the personal and social health promotion, to reduce the head louse infestation among the people. In addition, further studies are needed to carry out among the students, their parents and school health practitioners with emphasized on the more related factors including the economic levels.

Head lice infestation is one of the most common parasitic infections with a long history in the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of head lice infestation among 3-6 years old children going to nursery schools in Kashan, Iran in 2009. This cross-sectional study was performed on 1200 children having the age range of 3-6 years old in February 2009. The infestation was confirmed by the presence of nit, nymph and adult species in the children''s hair. The causing agent, Pediculus Capitis, was isolated by combing for 3-5 minutes or using manual lens. Then a questionnaire was completed and the data were categorized and compared using Fisher''s exact test. The results demonstrated that 8 children, (0.7%, out of 1200) were infected with the parasite. The prevalence rates of infestation among girls and boys were 1.14% and 0.17%, respectively. Infestation prevalence rates were 8.3% and 0.43% among children having unemployed and employed fathers; respectively (P<0.001). About 2% of children who were living in family with five or more members were infected which was significantly higher than its proportion (0.4%) among children living in families with 3-4 member (P<0.031). The prevalence rate of head lice infestation was higher among children living in big families and also among children who had unemployed fathers. Appropriate parental education, weekly inspection of the nurseries in order to find the infected children and referring them to health centers, can decrease the incidence rate of head lice infestation.

The prevalence of head lice infestation rate has been increased among different communities in recent years. In many cases, the treatment of this health problem has not been successful in the short time. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing successful treatment of head lice in Qom province during 2015.
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on all patients with head lice infestation who referred to the Qom city Health Center during 2015. In this study, after case finding, patients with head lice were treated with Permethrin 1% shampoo, twice a week. After completing a course of treatment, the treatment was checked and then success questionnaires were completed for them. Then After data collection by a structured questionnaire, statistical analysis was conducted using Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test in SPSS software (V.16).
Out of 38237 suspected cases with head lice infestation, 11223 (29.35%) of cases were infested with head lice. 43% of cases were treated after a course of treatment. Regarding affecting factors such as the principles and standards in using of permethrin shampoo based on its manufacturer (98.95%), Treat all affected household members simultaneously (96.81%) and applying a mixture of 50% water and white vinegar for 30 minutes and then wash off and to comb through the infested hair daily (91.98%) and Applying it along with a carrier oil such as olive oil, bitter almond on infested hair (80.69%) were affecting factors to treat head lice with permethrin shampoo.
Head lice treatment success depends on several principles and factors only by following these principles and standards tips, including the use of permethrin shampoo with methods that approved by Ministry of Health, infested people will heal. In this context, health education should be given to the people and their families, by Diseases Control Center of Ministry of Health and health care workers.

Pediculus capitis or head louse infestation affects millions of children worldwide, especially those in the 5-11 years age group. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of head pediculosis among school children in ur­ban and rural areas of Fars Province, southern Iran. All school children of age 6-11 yr from both genders in all urban and rural areas of the province were screened for head louse infestation by examination of their hair and scalps. Parents of all infested children were also exam­ined. The study was repeated in different seasons in the same areas. Moreover, infested children were treated with 5% permethrin shampoo and re-examined one week later for any relapse. The general prevalence of head louse infestation in primary school students was 0.49% in autumn, 0.37% in win­ter and 0.20% in spring. In the mentioned seasons, the prevalence of P. capitis was higher among females and in ru­ral areas (P=0.001). Although treatment with permethrin shampoo failed in females, it was successful in all infected males from both regions in autumn and spring and in males from urban areas in winter. Head louse infestation is uncommon among Fars Province school children in rural and urban areas and should not be considered a public health priority. However, due to the higher prevalence of pediculosis in low socioeco­nomic group and rural area in our region, it seems that health promotion, particularly early detection and effec­tive management strategies should target this group in the province.

Head louse infestation is highly common in collective centers such as schools, garrisons and campuses. This study was done to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with Pediculus humanus capitis in primary school girls in Qom Provincecentral Iran.
This descriptive –analytic study was conducted among 1,725 feminine primary students from 89 schools of Qom province, Central Iran were randomly selected during 2015 to 2017. Data collection was done using standard check list that was provided by the Iran Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and physical exams of the hairby visual scalp examination. Head examinations were performed by medical entomologist experts. Analysis of data was done using SPSS version 20.0 software.
The prevalence rate of infestation was 13.28%. The rate of head lice infestation was 13.73% in the urban areas and 10.22% in the villages. According to the multivariable logistic regression analysis, a significant relationship was observed between Pediculus capitis and each of these factors: family size, water source, family income (per month for each family, in US dollars), father occupation, parental education, access to primary health care services, having previous history of Pediculus capitis infestation, number of comb uses per day (p The head lice infestation is a significant public health issue in primary school girls of Qom province. Risk factors associated with head louse among primary school girls were some demographic and socioeconomic factors. Improvement of these status and designing and implementing appropriate educational and preventive programs can be helpful for surveillance of infestation among primary school girls.

Target: Head lice infestation is worldwide and it is considered as an important health issue not only in deprived societies but also in developed countries societies as well. The object of this project is to investigate head lice prevalence in primary schools in Sabzevar city.
Research This study was of type descriptive and in form of sectional studies which was done in 2015-2016. The Target population was entity of primary school students and sample was 1200 people population. Sampling was of simple-random kind and checklist were used for data collection. Then Data was registered (recorded) in SPSS V 19 software. analysis of data was done according to chi-square test description.
The number of studied students was 1200, 30.9% were boys and 69.1% were girls. The highest prevalence of head lice infestations was in cases where their fathers were free (81.5%), and their literacy level (65.66%). There was no correlation between the type of residential home and contamination of the research samples (P = 0.71). There was no relation between the student's bases (P = 0.32), the existence of a health educator (P = 0.9) and father's occupation with head lice infection (P = 0.54).
Head lice infestation (Pediculosis capitis) is still a crucial health issue worldwide. It is recommendable that proper information is provided to primary schools teachers so that appropriate utilization of their capabilities in students’ instruction, screening & treatment (Therapy) is made possible.