The hot ductility of IMI834 alloy in two conditions of first hot rolling and second hot rolling has been studied by conducting tensile tests with a strain rate of 0.1 s−1 and temperature range of 800–1000 °C. In first hot rolling condition, IMI834 alloy showed little hot ductility in the temperature range 800–900 °C and ductility loss occurred at 850 °C. In second hot rolling condition, hot ductility increased at all temperatures and ductility loss is not occurred. Especially at 900 °C, hot ductility increased from 31% in first hot rolling to 95% in second hot rolling.

The aim of this study is to assess the characteristics of hot and cold IPO markets in Tehran Stock Exchange. To examin the hypotheses, logit regression and multiple linear regression are used. The sample of the study consists of 118 TSE’s listed companies which have been offered initially during 2001-2013. The results reveal that there is no meaningful relation between hot issue and underpricing. The findings indicate a reverse relation between hot issue and market performance before IPO and a direct relation between risk of IPOs and hot issue. The results exhibit, although the hot issue phenomenon is not related to underpricing, a lead-lag relation between underpricing and hot issue can be understood and it shows a relation between high initial return and the future IPO volume. Additionally, the study concludes that companies which are offered in hot markets, are more risky and underperformance. Moreover, the cross sectional variance in long run abnormal returns is lower for firms going public in hot market. Finally, the findings of the study are sensitive toward the definition of hot issue.

Hot flash affects approximately 75% of women with breast cancer. Those who experience hot flashes have higher rates of sleep disorders, temper and lower quality of life than women with no hot flashes. The persent study was aimed to compare the effect of megestrol acetate with gabapentin on the severity of hot flashes in patients with breast cancer In a randomized controlled clinical-trial study 120 patient with breast cancer who had moderate and severe hot flashes were randomly assiged into two groups; 40 mg megestrol acetate twice daily and 300mg gabapentin oncedaily for a period of 8 weeks. Demographic data and the severity of hot flashes were recorded before treatment and 8 weeks after therapy. The obtained data was analysed using SPSS V15 withstatistical tests chi-square, Student T- Test and Paired T-Tes. After 8 weeks of treatment with megestrol acetat a reduction of 64.3% in hot flash frequency and 37.1% reduction in hot flash severity from base line were observed. In the gabapentin group the decrease was 44.8% and 24.6% compared before treatment respectively.(P=0.005, P=0.04)After eight weeks of treatment the number of hot flashes was 3.9±4.0 and 5.8±3.7 in the megestrol acetat and gabapentin groups respectively; the difference was statistically significant(P=0.04).In the megestrol acetat group number of hot flashes was obviously lower than their level in the gabapentin group. After eight weeks of treatment,the serverity of hot flashes was 50.4% and 62.9% in the megestrol and gabapentin groups respectively; the difference was statistically significant (P=0.005).In the megestrol group severity of hot flash was obviously lower than their levels in the gabapentin group.In the megestrol group frequency and severity of hot flashes were obviously significantly lower than their levels in the gabapentin group. Megestrol acetat is significantly more effective than the Gabapentin in treating hot flash and can be considered as an effective therapy to reduce the disorder.

In this study, the combination of infrared - hot air dryer was used for drying of button mushroom. The effect of infrared lamp power (150, 250 and 375 W), hot air temperature (50, 60 and 70 °C) and hot air rate (1, 2 and 3 m/s) on drying of button mushroom were investigated. The results of infrared-hot air drying of button mushrooms showed that by increasing of lamp power from 150 to 375, the drying rate increased. With the increase in hot air temperature from 50 to 70 °C, and hot air rate from 1and 3 m/s, weight loss increased 10.3% and 13.9%, respectively. Also process modeling were done with the genetic algorithm–artificial neural network (GA-ANN) method with 4 inputs (lamp power, hot air temperature and rate, drying time) and 1 outputs for prediction of weight loss. Sensitivity analysis results by optimum GA-ANN showed the drying time of mushroom was the most sensitive factor for controlling of weight loss. The results of modeling by GA-ANN showed that a network with 7 neurons in the hidden layer with sigmoid activation function can predicted the weight loss (R=0.99) of button mushrooms dried by infrared system-hot air method.

Hot days are a state of temperature and an important climatic phenomenon. Long term changes (trends) of this phenomenon are evidence and consequence of temperature-climatic change. In current research it had been tried to investigate long term changes of hot days of Iran using day time temperature database during 1961-2008 as well as using statistical methods. Accordingly based on 90th percentile the hot day index for every pixels of database and for every day has been estimated. This value used as hot day threshold. Then the maximum temperatures of every day have been comparing with its threshold. Every day of every given pixel which has gotten a temperature equal or more than threshold is defined as a hot day. The result of this result showed that the mean of number of hot days is about 39 days. The months in cold seasons and in April have experienced the most days with hot temperatures. This value has experienced positive trends in about half of the country. While sixth of the country has negative trends. The area with positive trends is continuum in space in compare with area with negative trends. The mean of temperature of hot days also investigated. In more than half of the country the trends of temperature of hot days was positive. Meanwhile in third of the country there are negative trends. The trends in both, number of hot days and mean temperature of same days is following the structure of mountains structures. The correlation of trends in number days and mean temperature of hot days is positive temporary and spatially. The events of hot days in Iran have shown a 3-4 years cycle.

Historical article: Today, one of the most important aspects of climate change is the increase in the frequency of extreme events such as heat waves, cold waves, torrential rains, droughts and other climatic conditions, which is due to increased entropy due to global warming in the climate system. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the temporal and spatial nature of hot waves as a climatic and bioclimatic hazard in the metropolitan area of Ahvaz. In this regard, the daily data of Ahvaz synoptic station during the 60-year period 1961-2019 were used to extract heat waves. Using the normalized daily deviation model from the long-term temperature of the same day, hot waves were identified each year and their time series trends were examined. To investigate the bioclimatic risk of hot waves, a typical hot wave that ruled from 7 to 13 July 2015 in the metropolis of Ahvaz was selected. The ground surface temperature of Ahvaz city was extracted by applying a single channel algorithm on the heat bands of Landsat 8 thermal sensor for July 9, 2015, and using the observation data at 09:00 AM,Ahvaz meteorological station was converted to air temperature for the same day. Using hot spot spatial analysis, critical areas of Ahvaz city were identified during the hot wave and the amount of population exposed to the line was obtained from the population census blocks of the 2016 census using cross-matrix analysis. The results showed that firstly, during the period 1961 to 2019, there was an increasing trend with a slope of 0.08 hot wave per year in hot events in Ahvaz metropolis and secondly, during the hot wave event, the temperature in Ahvaz was different from 44 to 55 degrees.The northern parts of the city and the area around the Karun River, which passes through the center of Ahvaz, as well as the green space around the Karun River, had the lowest surface temperature at this time of day. The temperature in this range varied between 44 and 46 degrees Celsius. A large part of the central areas of Ahvaz, which generally includes the urban area, had a temperature of about 49 to 51 degrees Celsius. The results showed that the total population of Ahvaz is in the critical core of the hot wave and the bioclimatic risk of the hot wave can affect the total population of this metropolis, which was about 1.2 million people. Hot waves and heat stresses caused by heatstroke in urban environments are about to become one of the most important hazards of the urban climate. Awareness of the intensity of hot waves in different urban areas and along with awareness of the vulnerable population at risk of heatstroke ( Both age groups (the elderly and children) can be very useful for organizing the spatial distribution of urban emergency facilities and services and intensive care related to heatstroke. In this study, the spatial distribution of the risk of thermal stresses due to the occurrence of a hot wave in the city of Ahvaz was investigated. In the first step, by examining the spatial distribution of air temperature during the occurrence of a hot wave in the city, satellite images of thermal sensor, TIRS Landsat 8 were used. Demographic analysis in relation to hot wave risk, showed that in general, the population of Ahvaz metropolis, according to the general population and housing census in 2016 was equal to 1184788 people and the population density of the city is 65 people per hectare. Population analysis In 212056 of the population of Ahvaz are in the age category under 10 years, which is equal to 18% of the total population of Ahvaz. These children are very vulnerable to the risk of hot flashes in the city due to low cardiovascular capacity, which has created thermal stresses between 48 and 50 degrees during the peak of the hot wave. The risk of hypothermia or heatstroke in this age group can appear in this age group in the form of dehydration, risk of dehydration or severe dehydration, shortness of breath and increased heart rate and skin burns, suffocation, especially in hot and humid conditions. . In the age group of the elderly or the population over 65, the risk of hot flashes is more acute and destructive. Hot wave is one of the most serious bioclimatic hazards in Ahvaz metropolis that puts the entire population of Ahvaz at risk of acute heatstroke and can cause deaths due to 30% of the vulnerable population of the city (elderly and children). Exacerbate severe heat stress.

One of the most important methods to prevent the failure of materials in high temperatures is using thermal barrier coatings (TBC). Hot corrosion is the most important reason of thermal barrier coatings failure. Synthesis of an interface composite layer between bond coat and top coat could be so useful to increase their hot corrosion resistance. In this study, hot corrosion behavior of two kinds of TBC synthesized by APS were investigated: 1) Common TBC (MCrAlY, YSZ) 2) Multi layers FGM (Functionally graded materials), TBC (MCrAlY, 50%YSZ+50%MCrAlY, YSZ). Hot corrosion tests were carried out on the coatings surface in the molten salt of 45%Na2SO4+55%V2O5 mixture at 1050 °C for 20 hours. Microstructure, morphology and chemical composition of the surface and cross section of the coatings were investigated by SEM equipped with EDS. XRD analysis was used to study microstructure and hot corrosion products. The results indicated that the hot corrosion resistance of FGM, TBC was much better than normal TBC due to the formation of AlVO4 and CrVO4 phases in this kind of coating during the hot corrosion test.

Annular vortex tube is a vortex tube which allows the hot flow pass again over the hot tube. It is introduced for first time in this work. Hot Flow is not allowed to exit after passing conic valve in annular vortex tube, but it is redirected over hot tube. This back flow absorbs heat from outer wall of hot tube. To study temperature separation which occurs in an annular vortex tube; the performance of this type of vortex tube has been experimentally tested and compared with the performance of a typical vortex tube. Inlet test pressure is 4 bars and natural gas is being used as working fluid. For both type of vortex tubes, ratio of length to diameter of tube is 10. Cold orifice diameter of vortex generator is set to 6.4 mm. It was observed that redirecting hot flow over the hot tube in annular vortex tube improves cooling efficiency up to 24% respect to a typical vortex tube at the maximum temperature difference. The results show that cold mass fraction in which the coldest temperature occurs is lower for annular vortex tube comparing with a typical vortex tube.

In this research, according to the studies of samples of hot and dry climate rating systems in the world and also hot and dry climate in Iran, all of the issues that are available in this field are studied and the purpose of this article is to answer this question that whether these studies can be used to formulate sustainability standards at the vernacular level of Iranian architecture as well, and how we can extract and design sustainability indicators and variables of hot and dry climate based on these texts. Based on this, examples of sustainable standards in the world for hot and dry climate, such as rating systems (GRIHA, NABERS, GREEN STAR, SAGREEN STAR, ESTIDAMA, QSAS), as well as hot and dry climatic condition indicators and sustainability strategies in this climate are investigated and it is concluded that regional, vernacular , architectural and urban standards in such systems are quite influential among selected hot and dry climate systems and we can not necessarily use the world's outstanding systems for hot and dry climate in Iran. So, to provide a sustainable and vernacular system for this climate, we should take into account the climatic and regional conditions and priorities as well as other standards and patterns that are developed and implemented in Iran

The purpose of the management of air distribution systems is to solve the problems in the cooling of data centers through minimizing the hot air recirculation and cold air bypass. In this paper, experimental and numerical analyses are conducted for the AUT data center. The data center performance indices have been compared between experimental and numerical solutions. According to temperature contours at a height of 1 m from the raised floor, recirculation of hot air to the cold aisle enclosure has occurred. For enhancement, the thermal management of the data center, cold aisle enclosure with decreasing supply airflow temperature to 18 , and hot aisle enclosure with return hot air from plenum ceiling to CRAC units were investigated. With the decrease in the total airflow supplied by CRAC units in the cold aisle enclosure and hot aisle enclosure models, the problem of Super-micro servers that experience about 50% more airflow than defined airflow for them in the base model, has been solved. The load on the cooling systems decreased from 13.2 kW up to 7.8 kW in hot aisle containment, the result is a hot aisle is a more suitable and appropriate configuration for the data center