All the Islamic sects, except Azargheh and Hashwiyyah, believe that God's prophets did not fall into polytheism and did not commit polytheistic acts. However, it appears from the appearance of some religious texts (Qur'an and Hadiths) that some of God's prophets committed polytheism. These texts are in clear contradiction with the evidence of the infallibility of God's prophets; Therefore, in this research, which is a library in terms of the method of collecting the materials, and in the way of citing the data, it follows the documentary method, and in the analysis of the materials, the method is content analysis of a descriptive-analytical type, all the doubts related to the polytheism of Hazrat Mohammad (PBUH) were collected, and after arranging these doubts and the various answers of scientists to them, There are analyzed and criticized these answers and in the end, according to the author, it has reached the best answer or a new point of view in this field.

Wahhabis maintain that resorting and seeking help from divine saints and seeking intercession from them is forbidden, considering the Muslim Shirk worse than the original pagans at the time of the holy prophet.  The Wahhabis claim that according to the some verses such as Isra/67 and Zumar/8, the pagans were attending to the God at the time of hardship only but the Muslims are abandoning God both at the time of hardship and prosperity, while this claim is against the Quran for two reasons: Firstly, the verses that Wahhabis use to argue for the polytheism of people during the times of hardship and difficulty have a general meaning and indicate the inclination of every human being towards God during times of intensity and hardship. It does not matter whether this person is a believer or a polytheist. But, Wahhabis have not provided any reason for exempting Muslims from the general ruling mentioned in these verses.  Given these points, Wahhabis must answer how, despite the verses and narrations indicating the manifestation of monotheistic nature during times of intensity and hardship, they claim that Muslims are more strongly involved in polytheism compared to polytheists. The Wahhabi must answer why the Muslims are not endowed with the innate nature of monotheism?

The second verse of Sūrat al-Mā’ida, which has been revealed in relation to Ḥajj rulings, has ordered the Muslims to respect the pilgrims of the Sacred House of Allah and not only to avoid any aggression toward them but also to ally with one another for doing benevolence to them. However, the interpreters are divided over determining the evidence of the phrase āmmīn al-Bayt al-Ḥarām. Some have believed that these “pilgrims” are intended to be the Muslims, some have believed them to be Muslims and polytheists, and some have taken them as polytheists, who travel to Makka with the aim of pilgrimage or trade. Meanwhile, the latter group who have taken the above verse to be intended for the polytheists, have come up with internal and external evidences for proving their viewpoint after deliberation on other phrases of the noble verse and the occasions of Revelation; but they have disagreed concerning the abrogation or specification of this ruling with some verses of Sūrat al-Tawba or the retaining of the ruling for the permission of the polytheists’ entering the Sacred House. Similarly, after critically reviewing both viewpoints, this writing has first chosen the polytheists as the evidence of āmmīn al-Bayt al-Ḥarām and then, by criticizing the reasons for the abrogation or designation of this verse, has proceeded to emphasize the retaining of the permission of the non-belligerent polytheists’ entering the Sacred House.

Islam have issued different verdicts regarding the relations between Muslims and non-Muslims. On the one hand, Islam has not permitted infidels and polytheists to have power and authority (dominance) over any Muslim individuals, and considered benevolence and good conduct towards non-Muslims who do not wish to go to war against Muslims as something ideal on the other. Nevertheless, it urges Muslims to go to holy war against those enemies who violate any agreements and treaties, asking them not to show any respect to their agreements and treaties anymore thereof, and to declare repudiation to them. This declaration of repudiation to polytheists as well as the holy war (jihÁd) is one of the Divine Commandments that is recounted as one of the principles of the Islamic government’s foreign policy. The fact is that the issue of the declaration of repudiation to the infidels and enemies of Islam is the one which has been neglected in the history of Islam, but it was revived when the Islamic Revolution gained victory especially with respect to the approach Imam Khomeini developed towards it. This verdict is supported strongly by numerous jurisprudential arguments based on the Qur’anic verses of which one can refer to the ones purporting to suggest repudiating polytheists, staying clear of the worship of the Rebel, the necessity of preparing against the enemies of Allah, arousing their anger, and raising petition. The concept of polytheism, and the idea of treating a polytheistic system of government as the one which rises against or opposes Islam are among the issues which have escaped notice and which the present article seeks to explain; for repudiating polytheists is often interpreted from a narrow view of repudiating personal and creedal polytheism and the duty of the Islamic government is overshadowed in this regard.

The main thrust of this article is to study the experience of  relationship between national and ethnic identities among the youth in Tubriz. Up to what degree are the youth of Tabriz committed to the national identity? Up to what extent are they committed to the ethnic identity and what kind of relationship is perceivable between the two identities? In order to assess national identity in this article, such factors as inclination towards the Persian language and literature, national cultural heritage, political tendencies and religious inclinations have been suited. In order to evaluate ethnic identity, such factors as inclination towards the Turkish language and literature, Turkish music, inclination towards ethnic history and ethnic attachments have been studied. The findings of this research paper indicates that the youth of  Tabriz have stronger inclination towards the national identity, while they enjoy a strong tendency towards ethnic identity as well. They also establish a positive relation between these two collective indentities.

The feelings of role taking are considered important elements in leading married couples towards ethical and normal behaviors. The present research aims at studying this group of feelings including rethinking and empathy being effected in martial relationships by husband's and wife's inclination towards satellite TV programs and virtual social networks. The theoretical framework and model of the research are developed based on integration of Thompson's and Schutte's theories. The survey method was used for the research and the statistical population included 20-55-year-old married women from Boroujerd city, Iran. Sampling was done by disproportionate stratified sampling and the sample volume was calculated as 400 based on Cochran. The research results show that inclination towards media generally has a positive effect on role taking by married women. But by studying the dimensions of the variables, it became clear that inclination towards satellite TV programs has a negative effect on the feeling of rethinking. Also, the results of multivariate regression show that the different dimensions of virtual social networks and different dimensions of inclinations towards satellite TV programs express 39% and 35% of the total amount of variance of the dependent variable (feelings of role taking), respectively.

In this article; the author tries to explore the amount of inclination toward national and ethnic identities among the Arabs of Khuzestan province. Statistical population includes all Arab adults having at least secondary certificate. The main hypothesis is that the Arab ethnic group of Khuzestan incline towards both national and ethnic identities. There is a meaningful correlation between economic condition and the amount of integration towards national identity of this ethnic group .The more income of the individuals increases; the more they incline towards Iranian-Islamic identity. For inclination towards national identity the components include territorial belonging; belonging to the nation; confidence to the officials and executive apparatus and Farsi language. The ethnic identity has been measured on the basis of two indexes: "cultural customs and traditions" and "ethnic language". The results show that the Arabs not only highly incline towards Iranian-Islamic identity but also are integrated in their ethnic identity and their concern about their ethnic identity does not decrease their inclination toward national identity. Meanwhile the origins of some fragmentations should be explanated in such concrete indexes as economic and social problems followed by "relative deprivation"; not in subjective ones.

Extra-marital affairs as one of the covert social problems are among issues with a wide range of disastrous consequences for family and social institutions. Therefore, determining the factors associated with the tendency toward such relationships is of great importance. We aimed to study the tendency toward extra-marital affairs and some related factors among married students.
A cross-sectional study of 250 students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences was performed. The participants were chosen through the convenience sampling method. The data collection tools included the Religious Commitment Inventory-10 (Worthington et al.), NEO Personality Inventory, inclination toward extra-marital affairs by Whatley, and the social reflexivity scale (Kharmour and Afrasiabi). To analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, and multivariate regression were run.
We found a negative correlation between religious commitment and tendency toward extra-marital affairs (P=0.000, r=-0.37). However, the extent of modern media usage and social reflexivity and inclination toward extra-marital affairs were positively correlated (P=0.000, r=0.42). Moreover, extroversion, openness to experience, adaptability, and conscientiousness were negatively correlated with inclination toward extra-marital affairs. Finally, neuroticism was positively correlated with inclination toward extra-marital affairs (P=0.001, r=0.18).
By promoting media literacy among students regarding the proper use of the modern media, as well as strengthening religious and indigenous values and traditions, the inclination of married students towards extra-marital affairs can be greatly reduced.

Diversity of commentator's opinions about explanation of polytheism along with the claim that verse 221 of Al-Baqara is obsolete and discusses the subject of avoiding marriage with polytheists, has added to the difficulty of understanding this verse. According to the prevalent attitude among the Fariqain commentators about this problem, there is no problem regarding marrying the people of the book. Finally, based upon Shiite commentators and jurisprudent's viewpoint, this permission is inclined toward temporary marriage and since among the Sunni scholars temporary marriage is not permitted, permanent marriage is included. This attitude is emerged from interpretation of polytheism about the people of the book based on which we can say that polytheism has ranks and viewpoint of those commentators believing in polytheism of the people of the book and accordingly the decree of lack of permission to marry polytheist women has been expanded to the people of the book should be attributed to some of their sects, not all of the people of the book. According to the fact that the verse is claimed to be obsolescent, some of the Fariqain commentators do not accept this permission. This paper has analyzed their reasons by rejecting the mentioned claim.

In the early days of Islam, the polytheists of Mecca attempted so much to stop the spread of Islam through a variety of torments, accusations and sometimes by making doubts about the prophecy of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The accusation of prognostication is one of the accusations that were made by polytheists in order to make doubt and deny the prophecy of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The study and analysis of this accusation and explanation of polytheists’ beliefs in prognostication and prognosticator can determine the origin and purpose of polytheists from propounding and therefore can clarify the Quranic answer to this accusation.
Also with analyzing and explaining accusation of prognostication and its origin this matter will be discovered what compelled polytheists to these accusations was their astonishing against miracle of Quran, because polytheists from one hand felt the greatness of the Holy Quran that did not have ability to reject his superhuman source, and from other hand they did not want to accept divinity of the Quran and the prophecy of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), so they got compelled to that through accusation of prognostication and to introduce Quran as genie's words and the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as a prognosticator.