Individual accountability and its positive and negative effectiveness are the most challenges of organization subjects. The root of some medical staff's behaviors and activities is individual accountability. So, the present paper was conducted with the aim of identifying the relationship between individual accountability with job stress and work deviant behavior with mediating role of personality trait of conscientiousness. In this descriptive-analytic study, 175 employee nurses of Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar hospitals were entered in this research in 2014. Data were collected using Hochwarter, Casta, Mackgor, Mulkr, Robinson and Bennett, and House and Rizzo standard questionnaires. The structural equations model was used to study the relationship between Latent variables and the measured ones in conceptual model. The results indicated that there is a significant positive correlation between the perception of individual accountability and personality trait of conscientiousness (P<0.05 and r = 0.25). The results showed that the relation between accountability and job stress and work deviant behavior was observed. The significant negative correlation between conscientiousness and job stress and work deviant behavior was confirmed (P> 0.05 and r = - 0.26, r = - 0.36). According to the present theoretical and research foundations at hand, individual accountability directly affects job stress and work deviant behavior among employees, and on the basis of the findings of the present study conscientiousness bears a significant negative causal effect on job stress and work deviant behavior. It is concluded that conscientiousness decreases the negative causal and potential effect of accountability on stress and work deviant behavior.

The root of the managers and teacher's behavior and activities is the ethical and moral values. Hence, considering professional ethics and its effects is among the most fundamental research topics in organizational areas. Accordingly, the present paper has attempted to investigate the role of professional ethics on social responsibility and individual accountability with considering the mediating role of serving culture. Research method of study is descriptive – correlation. The statistical population of this study included all male and female teachers (N=550) of Javanrood city in the educational year of 2013-2014. For data gathering in this study, a sample comprising 200 teachers in Javanrood city was selected by using stratified random sampling. The data were collected through standard questionnaires of professional ethics and social responsibility and a researcher made questionnaire of serving culture. To assess the relationships between Latent and measured variables in conceptual model, the Structural Equation model was utilized. Results indicate that professional ethics has a positive and significant relation with social responsibility, accountability, and serving culture. The results, also, show that the relationship between professional ethics and individual accountability is mediated by serving culture. But, the mediating role of serving culture in the relation of professional ethics and social responsibility was not confirmed. The results of this study hold out that professional ethics directly improves teacher's social responsibility and individual accountability. Individual accountability, also, strengthens teacher's serving culture. As a result of improved serving culture in an educational setting, we will have teacher's strong individual accountability. Keywords:

since faculty members are among the most important assets of higher education institutes، surveying and identifying factors associated with these sources which can be effective on their performance & stress، have gained increasing importance. Accordingly، the aim of this study was surveying the mediating effect of individual accountability in causal relations among conscientiousness، agreeableness، and stress and job satisfaction of faculty members. To conduct this study a sample consisting of 250 faculty members in three state universities were chosen using random stratified sampling. The data were gathered through NEO big five factor inventories and stress، job satisfaction and individual accountability questionnaires. To evaluate the relations among latent variables، measured in conceptual model، the structural equation modeling was used. The results showed that the personality trait of conscientiousness bears a negative and significant relation with stress، a positive and significant relation with felt accountability،and the personality trait of agreeableness bears a positive and significant relation with satisfaction and a negative and significant relation with accountability. The results also showed that the relation between conscientiousness and job satisfaction is mediated through felt accountability. The mediating role of the felt accountability in the relation between the personality trait of agreeableness and job satisfaction was confirmed. According to the results، individual accountability affects the relation among personality traits، stress and job satisfaction of faculty members. The results put emphasis on the necessity of reassessing the mediating role of individual accountability in surveying the causal relation among personality traits of conscientiousness، agreeableness، and stress and job satisfaction.

The research method was descriptive – correlation. The statistical population of this study consisted of all primary school teachers for public schools for girls area One is city of Urmia There were 340 people. By using simple random sampling 180 person Based on the Cochran formula were selected as statistical sample. The data were collected through three standard questionnaire; organizational climate Halpyn and Kraft (2000), individual accountability questionnaire Hachvartr (2005) & questionnaire Padsakf organizational citizenship behavior (1990) were used. To determine the validity of content and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliability of that in order α= 0/84, α= 0/77, α= 0/89. The results showed that organizational climate on individual accountability of teachers & organizational citizenship behavior Them significant positive effect. Individual accountability has a direct effect on organizational citizenship behavior (0/36) is positive and significant. The results also reflect the indirect effects of climate on organizational citizenship behavior mediated by Individual accountability (0/18) is positive and significant. From practical research tips This point can be noted managers and educators By creating a positive and constructive Climate in schools that emphasizes teacher's accountability field for Outbreak Citizenship Behaviors & spontaneous By teachers provide

The aim of the present study was to examine the mediating effect of individual accountability in causal relations among personality traits, stress and OCB. 250 faculty members from three state universities were selected using random stratified sampling. The data were gathered through NEO big five factor inventories and stress, OCB and individual accountability questionnaires. To evaluate the relations among latent variables, measured in conceptual model, the Structural Equation Modeling was used. The results showed that the personality trait of conscientiousness bears a negative and significant relation with stress, a positive and significant relation with felt accountability, and the personality trait of agreeableness bears a positive and significant relation with OCB and a negative and significant relation with accountability. The results also showed that the relation between conscientiousness and stress is mediated through accountability. Meanwhile, the mediating role of accountability in the relation between agreeableness and OCB was not confirmed. The results suggest on the necessity of reassessing the mediating role of accountability in surveying the causal relation among personality traits, stress and OCB.

Although the contribution of organizational learning to employee organizational performance is well documented, the mechanisms that explain such relationship remain unclear. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the interactional role of organizational learning and informal norms in accountability and job performance of the staff in a medical department.
The research method of the study is descriptive-correlational type. The statistical population of this study included all staff (N=315) of the Medical Department in Oshnavieh Hospital in 2014. For data gathering in this study, a sample comprising of 180 staff was selected using stratified random sampling. The data were collected through standard questionnaires of Neefe for organizational learning, informal norms of Hall, job performance of Paterson, and the questionnaire of individual accountability of Hochwarter. Pearson and moderated multiple regression analysis were used to test hypotheses.
Results showed that organizational learning has a positive and significant correlation with job performance and individual accountability. The results, also, showed a positive and significant correlation between informal norms, personal accountability, and job performance. Regression results showed the interactive role of learning structure dimensions, strategy, and shared vision with informal norms, predicting individual accountability of the staff. Also, interactive role of organizational learning and informal norms was confirmed in predicting job performance of the medical staff.
Theresult of this study hold out that organizational learning directly and with interaction of informal norms improves staff's performance and accountability. As a result of improved informal norms in a medical setting, we will have staff’s strong accountability and performance.

The current research is done to investigate the mediatory role of Islamic work ethics (IWE) on relationship between Service Culture and Individual Accountability, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Social Responsibility among staff of Tabriz and Shahid- Madani Universities. The statistical population was included of company staff among whom 200 Faculty’s member were selected using Cochran formula. The research method was descriptive– correlative method– and was applied standard questionnaires for gathering information. In order to evaluate relation between measured and latent variables in the conceptual model, the structural equation model was utilized. The results indicate that, there is a positive and significant correlation between these variables excepting the path of service culture and social responsibility. Moreover, the mediator role of IWE in relation between variables of service culture & social responsibility and also service culture & individual accountability was approved.

Examining the side role of the components affecting the auditor's skepticism and judgment, not just their direct relationship, provides a more appropriate context for a comprehensive analysis of the dimensions of audit quality improvement. A large part of auditing is commenting based on professional judgment; Therefore, the personality traits of auditors, which have been identified in some studies as an influential factor in professional judgment, should be examined more closely. This study was conducted in 1399 to find the answer to the question whether the dark personality traits and individual accountability of auditors affect their skepticism and professional judgment or not? The necessary information for this research has been collected through a questionnaire. The sample includes 492 questionnaires completed by auditors working in auditing firms that are members of the Iranian Society of Certified Public Accountants and the Auditing Organization in 1399. The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between dark personality traits and auditing professional judgment and individual accountability and skepticism have a minor mediating role in the above relationship.

With the aim of surveying the mediating effects of individual accountability in causal relations among personality traits, stress and job satisfaction, a sample consisting of 250 faculty members in three state universities was chosen using random stratified sampling. The data were gathered through NEO big five factor inventories and stress, job satisfaction and individual accountability questionnaires. To evaluate the relations among latent variables, measured in conceptual model, the Structural Equation Modeling was used. The results showed that the personality trait of conscientiousness bears a negative and significant relation with stress, a positive and significant relation with felt accountability, and the personality trait of agreeableness bears a positive and significant relation with satisfaction and a negative and significant relation with accountability. The results also showed that the relation between conscientiousness and job stress is mediated through felt accountability. Meanwhile, the mediating role of the felt accountability in the relation between the personality trait of agreeableness and job satisfaction was not confirmed. In the concerned model all regressive weights except the relation between accountability and job satisfaction were statistically significant. The results put emphasis on the necessity of reassessing the mediating role of felt accountability in surveying the causal relation among personality traits, stress and job satisfaction.

Since faculty members are among the most important assets of higher education institutes, surveying and identifying factors associated with these sources which can be effective on their performance & stress, have gained increasing importance. Accordingly, Present study was conducted to survey the relationship between personal accountability and job performance considering mediating effect of skills and job stress among employees of the University of Shiraz.
The statistical population of this study consisted all of Shiraz University staff who have a high school diploma, which included 726 patients. A sample of 256 individuals was chosen using Stratified random sampling method. The research method was descriptive-correlative. Data were collected using Hochwarter and et al (2005) accountability, job performance (1990) Paterson, House and Rizzo’s (1972) Job tension and political skills Ferris and et al (2005) satisfaction standard questionnaires. The structural equations Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to study the relationship between latent variables and the measured ones in conceptual model.
Findings: The results showed that the correlation between job performance and personal accountability of employees affected an employee who is the political skills to meet her significant effect on job performance will be affected.. job tension has significant negative correlation with job performance.
According to the results, political skills and job tension affects the relation among individual accountability with job performance. The results put emphasis on the necessity of reassessing the mediating role of political skills and job tension in surveying the causal relation among individual accountability with , job performance.