Backgrounds & Aims: Restless leg syndrome is a common sensorimotor disorder characterized by unpleasant sensation in the legs especially during rest and inactivity. This is a common complication among patients with end stage renal disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of folic acid and its comparison with gabapentin in treatment of restless leg syndrome in hemodialysis patients.
This study was performed as a double-blind randomized clinical trials study and 30 patients undergoing regularly hemodialysis were selected. All of them had diagnostic criteria developed by international restless leg syndrome study group. The patients were divided randomly into two groups and treated with gabapentin and folic acid for 8 weeks. The severity of syndrome in both of them was evaluated by IRLSSG questionnaire before and after the intervention and eventually information were analyzed by SPSS software.
Paired t-test results showed a significant difference between the mean IRLS before and after taking both drugs. The average IRLS score significantly decreased after taking these drugs. The result of independent t-test did not show significant difference in reduction IRLS score between gabapentin and acid folic (p>0.05). As a result the effect of the two drugs in reducing IRLS score was not significantly different.
Folic acid as a cheap and safe drugs can be used as the main treatment or complement other treatments in hemodialysis patients with RLS.

Capital flight is a term which refers to unregistered domestic capital flows that include a broad variety of activities ranging from the legal and economically beneficial to those that are illegal and harmful to the economy. Researchers concern the most about capital flight which implicitly implies to illegal movements of capital from one country to another. In this paper، we will evaluate the effects of capital flight on total investment. We use data from 2005 until 2011 of chosen countries of MENA zone. Estimation methods are IRLS and GMM. In order to regard bias in estimation، IRLS method is used. In GMM method، growth rate is considered as endogenous variable. Results of both methods indicate that there is a negative relationship between capital flight and total investment. So that if capital flight increase for 1 percent، total investment would decrease for 0. 07 percent.

Over the past decades, interest in establishing a National Rare Donor Program has increased significantly worldwide. The experience of developing countries, however, is still limited. Rare blood is defined as a blood group found in a 1000- 5000 population and donor has an absence of a high-prevalence antigen, or the absence of multiple common antigens. Iranian national rare donor program was established in 2009. This paper reports the experiences and challenges of establishing a national rare donor program in Iran.
This program provides services to all medical centers that need rare units. The main role of rare donor program is to maintain information of rare donors that are identified at the immunohematology reference laboratory located in Tehran. Good manufacturing practices and standard operating procedures are utilized to all activity. The IRL secures frozen blood to make them available when rare blood is required.
As many as 1000 different types of rare donors have been identified in Iran, including several individuals whose blood group had developed clinically significant allo-antibodies. In addition to routine donor's personally identifiable information such as addresses and telephone numbers, we also access to the contact information of their close relatives or friends for emergency situation. Contact data are kept up to date at least twice annually. IRL staff are ready to provide services to patients with rare blood types, 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. To date, more than 80 donors with very rare blood group are listed on the IRL rare donor database in 31 centers. Current practice at IRL is to screen the first and second-degree relatives of any patient found to have a rare blood type for a matching blood donor. Iranian blood services need to establish special departments to provide rare blood RBCs and technical assistance for a quicker and more efficient responses to patients and request of their medical staff for blood transfusion. To achieve this aim, there were several challenges, including situation analysis and justification of the program, allocation of financial support by top managers, engineering and technical maintenance, facility and environmental services, employee awareness and communication between blood centers, technologist training in advanced immunohematology.
The results of this survey are encouraging and indicate that the information and database for rare donors will provide services to patients with very difficult and complex serology test results requiring rare blood transfusion. The experience of IRL may be helpful for other transfusion centers in developing countries.

According to increasing the demand for irrigation water in Iran and limitation upon its supply, planners and utilizers should consider optimal water resourse utilization. One way is determination of real value of irrigartion water in several agriculture products. In this study using the data for the year 2006-2007 and Translog production functions, production function of wheat and barley were estimated in North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan and South Khorasan provinces for determination of irrigation real water price in wheat and barley production. It was found that irrigation water price in North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan and South Khorasan for wheat were 122.14, 2882.24 and 456.30 Irls/m3, respectively and for barley were 703.01, 1343.67 and 112.67 Irls/m3, respectively. Also, step by step adjustment of water price, can lead to optimal use of water in cultivation of the crops and increasing of productivity and efficiency of water as compared with current price.

Bacteriorhodopsin operates as a light/proton transfer pump which converts the light energy into a proton gradient. Energy stored in the proton gradient can be used in a variety of ways. Bacteriorhodopsin producing sources are some Halobacterium species such as Halobacterium sodomense and Halobacterium salinarum which continue to grow in harsh and salt-saturated conditions. Two types of red pigment (IRLS.1) and orange pigment (IRLS.2) producing strains were isolated in order to isolate bacteriorhodopsin producing strains from Aran-Bidgol Lake. Spectroscopy reviews and the results of SDS Page of membrane proteins of two isolated strains and Iranian native Halobacterium salinarum showed that there is bacteriorhodopsin protein in the sample. Spectroscopic studies showed that Halobacterium salinarum produces the maximum amount, then IRLS 1 and finallyIRLS.2 with the lowest amount of bacteriorhodopsin. The results of biochemical and molecular identification based onthe16srRNA of both mentioned strains indicated their highest similarity with Natrinema sp. XA3-1 and Archaeon RC34, respectively. In this study, the presence of bacteriorhodopsin protein in Iranian native strains was examined for the first time and was isolated purely from Halobacterium salinarum membrane by gel filtration chromatography that given the widespread use of bacteriorhodopsin protein, it will be so effective.

This paper explores further and describes the System Readiness Level estimation for means of production in the oil and gas industry, through a case study. The concept as Technology Readiness Level (TRL) originally promoted by NASA and was then adopted by government agencies and industries across the USA and Europe.   TRL was adopted by API (API 17N) and tailored for the assessing the readiness of subsea components for inclusion in subsea production systems. The API’s TRL has been recently extended by introducing two more metrics namely, the Integration Readiness Level (IRL) and the System Readiness Level (SRL). SRL is a mathematical combination TRL and IRL and is a metric for assessing progress in developing major subsea systems. Standard assessment metrics, such as Technology Readiness Levels (TRL), do not sufficiently evaluate the modern complex systems. Building on the previous publications [43] the SRL calculation method is expanded and expounded by adding a system engineering framework for the process of SRL estimation. Explained in some detail, in this paper, which produces more consistent results. Using an error averaging method, SRL is calculated by combining the TRL of each component with IRL, which expresses the readiness of each of these components to be integrated with other components of the system. To facilitate the calculation the Design Structure Matrix (DSM) is used both to visualise components and perform the necessary arithmetic.

Loanwords can be studied through comparative historical semantics and in this way we can understand how they have been borrowed from other languages and what changes have they undergone. One of the iranian loanwords irl European languages which has a wonderful story is the word "Ganj" (treasure). This article presents the story of this word.

Deconvolution is a longstanding problem in many areas of signal and image processing with applications in astronomy, remote-sensing imagery, medical imaging, and other fields working with imaging devices. It is also one of the major steps of seismic data processing and is studied in the framework of inverse problem theory. It is an ill-posed problem in the sense that the recovered solution (reflectivity series) is unstable and very sensitive to the presence of noise in the data. It is well known that the solution of an ill-posed problem is practically unusable unless taking into account some prior information about the original solution and the accuracy of such information highly affects the quality of the final regularized solution. Mathematically, usability of the prior information is of great importance. The availability and usability of the prior information are two main concerns in solving inverse problems and hence deconvolution. Here, we introduce and develop some priors (in the category of heavy-tailed priors such as Cauchy and Laplace priors) that favor solutions having isolated spikes. One of the main advantages of such priors is that they have less penalization on large spikes corresponding to the true reflection coefficients while severely penalizing small spikes due to the noise and therefore results in a sparse reflectivity series. We then used the Bayes theory to incorporate the prior information into the formulation of deconvolution problems. Therefore, in this study, deconvolution was formulated in the framework of Bayes theory and the regularized solution of the problem was considered as a maximizer of the posterior probability distribution including the likelihood and the prior terms. In contrast to the conventional Wiener deconvolution which results in a minimum L2-norm solution, the methods presented in this paper recover the minimum structure or simple solutions. Sparse or simple solutions are more consistent with true earth reflectivity series, since the earth reflectivity series is simple in the sense that most of its coefficients are zero. The non-zero coefficients identify and quantify the impedance mismatches between different geological layers that are of great interest to the geophysicist.After formulating the deconvolution as a general cost function which can be convex or non-convex, we study an alternative method of determining its minimizer, as the limit of an Iteratively Re-weighted Least Squares (IRLS) algorithm. The IRLS algorithm benefits from simplicity and is easy to be coded. Furthermore, it is shown that its convergence to a local minimum from any initial guess is guaranteed and the convergence rate is superlinear. The main step of the proposed IRLS finds, for a given diagonal weight matrix Q, the solution of a weighted zero order quadratic regularization where matrix Q is updated at each iteration. Moreover, using different priors about the reflectivity series results in only a simple change of the definition of matrix Q.Numerical experiments with synthetic and field data show that the proposed sparsity-based deconvolutions estimate the reflectivity with good resolution. Therefore, they can be used for accurate delineation of the thin layers in real poststack seismic data. The numerical results also show that the proposed methods perform much better than conventional Wiener deconvolution in the sense of the reconstruction error.

Several isolated species from symptomatic frozen leaves and soil produce ice nucleation proteins and have been exploited for their Ice Nucleation Activity (INA). Ice nucleation proteins can be employed as promising substances for biotechnological applications such as artificial snow-making, cryopreservation of tissues, and the condensation of ice nuclei in clouds. Considering INA has a direct relationship with bacterial growth, optimization of the culture medium seems indispensable. In this study, the INA of a newly isolated Pseudomonas sp. IRL.INP1 was evaluated. Plackett–Burman was applied for screening several cost-effective carbon and nitrogen sources affecting bacterial growth and INA. The response surface method was employed for medium optimization. Moreover, biomass, whole-cell protein, specific growth rate, and INA were estimated. Rice bran, ammonium sulfate, temperature, and olive oil had significant effects on the INA of Pseudomonas sp. IRL.INP1. Results demonstrated that 5% rice bran, 31 °C, 1.0% olive oil, and 6 g/L ammonium sulfate led to the best INA. The final optical density at 600 nm was 2.3. Also, 1.94 g/L biomass, 1.75 µg/µl whole-cell protein, and 0.26 specific growth rate (day-1) were obtained, and INA was observed after 5 sec at -5 °C. The present research is the first study using agricultural waste for INA optimization. Since rice bran is a cost-effective agro-waste and a qualified replacement for glucose, it can be utilized as a promising substrate for bacterial growth and INA.

Re-identifying individuals due to its capability to match a person across non-overlapping cameras is a significant application in computer vision. However, it presents a challenging task because of the large number of pedestrians with various poses and appearances appearing at different camera viewpoints. Consequently, various learning approaches have been employed to overcome these challenges. The use of methods that can strike an appropriate balance between speed and accuracy is also a key consideration in this research. Since one of the key challenges is reducing computational costs, the initial focus is on evaluating various methods. Subsequently, improvements to these methods have been made by adding components to networks that have low computational costs. The most significant of these modifications is the addition of an Image Re-Retrieval Layer (IRL) to the Backbone network to investigate changes in accuracy. Given that increasing computational speed is a fundamental goal of this work, the use of MobileNetV2 architecture as the Backbone network has been considered. The IRL block has been designed for minimal impact on computational speed. By examining this component, specifically for the CUHK03 dataset, there was a 5% increase in mAP and a 3% increase in @Rank1. For the Market-1501 dataset, the improvement is partially evident. Comparisons with more complex architectures have shown a significant increase in computational speed in these methods. Reducing computational costs while increasing relative recognition accuracy are interdependent objectives. Depending on the specific context and priorities, one might emphasize one over the other when selecting an appropriate method. The changes applied in this research can lead to more optimal results in method selection, striking a balance between computational efficiency and recognition accuracy.