One of the most serious crimes disrupting Order and Security In human settlements is the conflict between people. The dispute is a conflict or social dispute that is directly visible, occurs at least between two or more people or groups, and in its happening Material and spiritual contrast of interests plays a significant role. The statistics also show that disputes are the most frequent types of crime in rural areas of Khodabandeh town. The main objective of this research is Identification and analysis of the factors influencing the occurrence of fighting crime in rural areas of Khodabandeh town. In this regard based on available literature, conducted experiments and field observations the following variables were studied as the factors influencing the occurrence of crime in rural areas Khodabandeh: mental Health / aggression, social cohesion, ethnicity, deprivation / feeling of deprivation, dispute visionary experience, life satisfaction, legality / belief and trust in the official institutions of social control .
In terms of purpose this research is applied inquiry and in terms of methodology it is a survey research. Researcher-made questionnaire is used within the framework of Likert five options as a research tool. Based on this 195 reliable questionnaires were collected from the case area. One-way ANOVA, Chi-square test and Pearson correlation test, PCA Factor analysis (principal component analysis), and one sample T-test were used for data analysis. Finding: In summary, findings indicate that there is internal correlation component on each of the factors influencing the dispute crime. Eventually, based on the results, in comparison among the variables it seems that feelings relatively have more impact on dispute crime.
Theoretically, the results of this study have more compatible with the theory of relative deprivation. However, impact of six other variables seems obvious on the dispute. Therefore, knowledge understanding police commanders and managers about influential variables on the occurrence of dispute crimes in rural area especially the seven variables studied in this research, can be effective and helpful to mange such crimes by police.

Collective conflict is one of social harm that in case of occurrence will result in material and intellectual damages for the society. The objective of this paper is studying and identifying factors affecting potential tendencies for occurrence of collective conflicts in Khodabandeh County of Zanjan Province. This study is applied with respect to the objective and descriptive-survey as respect to the methodology. The statistical society of this study is consisted of men over 18 years old residing in Khodabandeh County who have been selected via ransom sampling and were analyzed. The results of this study indicate that a significant relationship between variables of proprietary and familial disputes, lack of trust to judicial and disciplinary authorities and cultural-historical factors and tendency to collective conflict in Khodabandeh County that according to the performed expression through regression and path analysis, proprietary and familial disputes, lack of trust to judicial and disciplinary authorities respectively have had the most effect on potential tendency to the collective conflicts.

A form of rational thinking has led to the growth of participation whose aim is making people involved in building their future. The formation and continuation of this process require many conditions. Along these lines, this article tries to study the extent of social - political participation and its determining factors in Khodabandeh, from a sociological point of view. The statistical population of this research consists of individuals in an age groupbetween 30 and 60 years old inhabiting in this city. The size of sample is 400 persons. Data gathering has been conducted by interview based on دquestionnaire. The results show medium to low social - political participation in Khodabandeh. Also, there is a significant correlation, with the reliability of 99%, between independent variables (age, gender, social class, place of residence, universalism, futurism, social - political alienation, trust, family structure, education, mass media, fatalism and the dependent variable, social - political participation). R2 is equivalent to 0/30

Today, the required energy mostly comes from fossil fuels. Due to the limitation of fossil fuel reserves in the world and emissions of pollutants, today's industries have been challenged to replace renewable energy source.Among these renewable energies, solar and wind are important. In this research, firstly, the factors affecting the location of the solar and distributed generation have been investigated and mapping of criteria in the GIS has been prepared.Then, considering the importance of integrating the information, the ANP technique is chosen for weighting the layers and implemented with Super Decision software.Finally, the model of supply chain of the distribution network is proposed with the aim of maximizing the supplier's profit and minimizing the emissions.Zanjan province is considered as the case study for which the model is solved. According to the results, areas of Khodabandeh, Ijrud, and Mahnashan are suitable for the construction of wind power plants and areas of Khodabande and Ijrud are suitable for the construction of solar power plant. Finally, Khodabandeh, Zanjan, and Mahnashan are suitable for construction of the small gas scale plant.

Bakground and The soft tick، Ornithodoros tholozani، is of major medical importance due to biting humans and taking blood-meal. Despite the medical importance of this tick، no in-depth studies have been carried out to distinguish different forms and their capability in transmitting the disease. To this end، this study was carried out to identify phenotypic diversity، and contamination of the different strains of this tick to Borrelia persica in Zanjan province. In this descriptive study، microscopic examination was carried out with 0. 1 micrometer precision، and 20 quantitative morphometric indexes were measured alongside the assessment of qualitative factors. The contamination to Borrelia was investigated through feeding on three-day-old neonate mice، and injection of squashed suspension into the peritoneum of the mice. laboratory investigation revealed that the contamination by Borrelia in tick samples was 0. 004-0. 008. Morphologic traits examination revealed that body size of the ticks from Khodabandeh and Mahneshan cities was 6. 81× 3. 93 mm. The two strains of Khodabandeh and Mahneshan had different capitulum widths، and genital opening sizes. Males of Ornithodoros tholozani were smaller than females reaching a size of 4. 6 × 2. 6 mm. Apart from the length and width of capitulum which were higher in Mahneshan samples than in Khodabandeh، the other indexes were not significantly different. The nymphs in the two strains differed in the body size، the length and width of capitulum، the lengths of the second and fourth segments of the palp; however، they were identical in other indexes. Regarding the morphologic distinction between samples in the study sites and their contamination by Borrelia; and lack of comprehensive knowledge in analyzing the data، it seems necessary to conduct extensive research in order to review description of the species، express taxonomic position of different strains and provide molecular identification protocol in order to prioritize the application sites، and monitor the administration plans to precisely determine the infection rate of the ticks to Borrelia in diverse geographical regions.

Welfare and social politics is one of the significant topics of development programs which can reduce issues like poverty and social inequality in the shadow of social justice in society. In order to achieve the fair social welfare, regional planning, that its main purpose is creating balance within and between regions, is useful. In this context, gaining knowledge from the studied area, to provide balancing is necessary. This article attempts to study the situation of Zanjan province in social welfare categories and ultimately reach to a ranking among cities for future social welfare plan. In order to achieve the goal, 30 indicators in the field of social welfare after the selection process due to basic data of each were collected. In the next step TOPSIS technique was used for data analysis. Since in this technique specific weight of each indicator is necessary, the ordinal technique, based on indicators weighting by 15 people of specialist experts of social welfare, was used. Result of data analysis represents inequality of social welfare issues among towns of Zanjan province. Likewise Zanjan with 0/50 score has the highest level of social welfare services and Khodabandeh with 0/18 score has the lowest.

The present study, in a sustainable development framework, has a systematic and holistic look at agricultural entrepreneurship development in rural areas of Khodabandeh county. It intends to link qualitative and quantitative research in a logical manner to identify factors that affected the development of agricultural entrepreneurship in rural areas under study. It attempts to identify the degree of importance of each factor from the sample perspective. The descriptive explanation and analysis of statistical tests and qualitative study shows economic factors have a significant importance in all three groups of sample communities.

Agricultural cooperatives in the county Khodabandeh decade have seen dramatic expansion in 1370 and 1380. So that until the year 1388, about 340 agricultural cooperatives have been established in this county. However, passive agricultural cooperatives in the Khodabandeh County have risen %10. This shows that, this economic sector in the field of agricultural activities with structural- functional problems is a face. In this paper; using a descriptive-analytical Method, the causes of the increase agricultural cooperatives has been studied. In this context, the required data is collected through field studies and library. Statistical research, including 34 agricultural cooperative disabled with 263 members is. Of these, 93 of whom are random sampling, were selected for the first and second questionnaires. And from 93, 52 of whom are undergraduate sample, the questionnaires were selected as the third and fourth. Also, to explain the data, the Delphi analysis method used is. In this way, to build consensus among members about the subject, in the course of successive questionnaires were distributed along with the feedback control of their severity. The results show that internal problems such as cooperatives, management weaknesses, skills, tastes differ, misplaced expectations of cooperation and some deficiencies in infrastructure of services and planning and policy making by government agencies, the main cause of decline in activity of Cooperatives and they are the result of deactivation. In this context, granting facilities to cooperatives on employment, improving agricultural infrastructure in the villages, providing credit and retail credit for cooperatives, and development of professional and public education for them, the revival of cooperatives will be disabled.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Dehyariha on quality of life in Karasf rural district in Khodabandeh city. In this regard, first the history of rural management in Iran and also Dehyariha and its duties as executives in the villages has been discussed and then the role of Dehyariha on villagers’ quality of life has been review and evaluation. This research is descriptive-analytical. Statistical society of this study is comprised of Karasf rural district in Khodabandeh city. The number of cases was selected according to proportion of households in each village. Reliability of research buoy was measured using Cronbach's alpha statistic that was equal to 0.875. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Mann Whitney U statistical test was used to compare the quality of life in rural areas. Also the eight indicators of educational, environmental, social support networks, economic, health and safety, residential environment, infrastructure and leisure has been reviewed and evaluated. Results showed significant differences between villages with and without Dhyariha in seven indexes of the compared eight indicators. From the buoys that reviewed in present study differences showed no significant only in the leisure index.

This study was conducted to identify obstacles hampering the achievement of livestock cooperatives in Khodabandeh Township. This survey- descriptive research was carried out to investigate barriers to the success of livestock cooperatives in this city. A questionnaire was developed by the researchers and used for data collection. The instrument was validated by a panel of experts in the Department of agricultural extension and education at Zanjan University. Its reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha index. The population consisted of (N= 220) livestock cooperative members. A simple random sampling method was used to select respondents (n= 140). Findings showed that 19 factors associated with obstacles hampering the achievement of livestock cooperatives in the Khodabandeh Township which was divided into four general categories. An Assessment by members’ viewpoint indicated that 6 factors had very high importance, 9 of them had large importance but only 4 factors had low or medium importance. Also factorial analysis results revealed that success barriers of livestock cooperatives divided to 5 categories namely marketing, economic, managerial, organizational and social factors. These factors were able to explained 69.24% of the total variance barriers of cooperatives successful in the livestock sector.