Art learning area could be connected to the field of curriculum and other learning areas. Students could produce an artistic work such as handicraft, painting and drawing, calligraphy, photography, drama and music through using different forms of knowledge (concrete, conceptual and…) like natural science concepts. Curriculum and educational authorities have considered integrative approach to curriculum and education as a methodological (organizational) and approach (orientation to students’ learning) revolution. Art training, curriculum design and art education have been oriented towards the integrative approach to art learning areas (at first, the use of natural science concepts in art education and then the use of art in science education). Hence, the model of a guide to art curriculum and the model of educational design have been developed based on such orientation.

The main purpose of vocational education is to prepare manpower with entrepreneurial ability to use their knowledge and skills in practice. To this end, modular courses are currently offered in a traditional way. This study aimed to examine effectiveness of a new teaching method and its impact based on cognitive map and learning areas. A sample of 60 learners was selected at random using cluster sampling. Respondents were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. A quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest was used. Separate questionnaires were administered to participants to collect data on academic achievement, cognitive strategies and attitude. Data were analyzed using covariance and post-hoc comparisons. Results indicated that both methods based on cognitive map were more effective on all learning areas except verbal information in comparison with the conventional method. Meanwhile, among cognitive map methods the combined one was more effective compared to the other in terms of problem solving skills and cognitive strategies.

The paper has a glance at the newly released National Curriculum document in Iran. Then، there is an emphasis on the mathematics curriculum as one of the major learning areas of this and every curriculum document at local or national level as well. The paper continues with a glimpse of historical overview of curriculum development movements in Iran and worldwide. Further، with a slight tolerance، the paper refers to the “Education Constitution” (Ghanoon e Asasi e Ma’aref) as the first national curriculum document in Iran، and after that، focuses on the mathematics learning area of the new document using the qualitative content analysis. At last، some speculations about the ways in which a curriculum document could lead to the development of a mathematics curriculum and mathematics textbook are presented.

In order to resolve the existing problems of clinical education such as low-level proficiency of nursing graduates in achieving essential competencies and skills at the end of nursing education and the necessity of employing new methods of education for promoting the quality of clinical education, this study was performed to investigate the effect of clinical education associate on nursing student's learning compared to contemporary method. In a quasi-experimental study, 60 students of nursing school passing clinical medical surgical course were selected along an academic semester through census and using simple randomization. They were divided into two groups. The first group was taught by clinical education associate method and the second one experiences the contemporary technique. After two weeks of learning, the student's cognitive and skill areas were evaluated using questionnaire and checklist. Data was analyzed by SPSS software using independent t test, paired t, Fisher, and Chi². Both methods were effective in promoting student's learning area. But the mean difference of student's skills in two groups was not significant while a statistically significant difference was observed in cognitive learning of student. The effect of these two models on learning clinical skills in students was similar but cognitive learning area in group 2 (contemporary method) was higher than the group of clinical associate model. It seems that it is more effective to use contemporary model. According to the dissimilarity of the findings of this study with that of similar studies, it is recommended to search for more evidences in bigger samples and different wards.

Studying the effectiveness of the factors affecting the development of e-learning in teaching marine science will become necessary based on Iran's needs in marine science and penetration of e-learning in a wide range of educational activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the development of e-learning in at the Imam Khomeini Marine Science University in Nowshahr. This applied study is descriptive-correlation. The sample included all students of the university. The statistical sample size of 278 participants was determined through Morgan table. Research data were collected through the standard questionnaire (Shah Hoseiny et al., 1394). Its validity was confirmed through analysis of models measuring variables and reliability was confirmed by distributing 30 questionnaires using Cronbach's alpha (α=0.91). In order to test the hypotheses, structural equation modeling techniques based on partial least squares PLS Visual software 1.04 was used. The results showed that all hypotheses were confirmed and from the perspective of marine science students at the university, all factors (school operating, technology, support resources, management, interface design, ethics, evaluation and training) affect the development of e-learning. Also according to the military environment of the university, most important offers are that officials and university administrators must ensure long-lasting services and academic staff's (faculty and staff) skills in e-learning area must continually be evaluated and given the nature of the university system, with an emphasis on e-learning area, appropriate leadership style must be adopted.

Retention is one of the important indicators for inference of learning motor skill. There are some disagreements on the retention evaluation concept among experts and researchers of the Motor learning area. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the qualitative content of retention measurement concept in motion skills in Persian scientific research articles between years of 1388 to1398. The present study was developmental research and quality content analysis method. One hundred Fourty three articles of Farsi scientific research journals were studied, which mention the concept of retention. Analyzing data was performed with Nvivo10 software. Results revealed that there are forty-seven side topic and six main topic including measurement method of retention concept, Number and duration of retention test, he number and duration of the acquisition phase, the number of warm-up decrement attempts, tasks type and no-practice interval length about the retention measurement concept. Also, the results are indicating that there has been no agreement among experts about the measurement method of retention concept and its related issues. Not only this topic could lead to researcher’s confusion on how to measure the retention concept in Motor learning area, but it also limits the possibility of comparing different research results with each other and makes it hard for decision making on solutions and optimal practice methods. Therefore, it is necessary to make specific decisions in this regard by holding symposiums with the participation of experts in the field of motor behavior.

The concept of identity is one of the most crucial issues of human society. One of the areas in which the concept of identity has been strongly discussed, is education. In each period, affected by the terms and textural characteristics of societies and eras, identity has found special concept.The authors attempt to redefine education and its components, based on the phenomenological concept of identity. The main question is that, how education and its components must be redefined according to the phenomenological concept of identity? This study used a qualitative research, with the analytical and deductive method. The results showed that ideas of education, teacher training, teacher, student, and othere educational subjects are not defined from a particular dimension, but, are simultaneously defined in several different directions. Teaching activities and the concept of learning are multidimentional themes. Learning is a multidimentional phenomena, which is born with the rise of identity in the person. Hence, it is synonymous with identity or individual recognition. In this sense, learning areas are the areas of identity.

The aim of this study is to design an ontology-based electronics learning system. The present research is a descriptive research in terms of its purpose and methodology. In the present study, to explore the main concepts of the field of e-learning, we reviewed the published articles and sources of information on e-learning. Finally, the main categories of e-learning areas including human resources, technology infrastructure, and educational content were identified. In the present study, the basis of the method used to extract semantic concepts and relationships, the knowledge engineering approach, and the basis of the method used to create ontology is top-down method. Protégé software 3.5 was also used to build an ontology. In this study, seven stages were used to construct ontology, including determining the scope and ontology coverage, determining the ontology hierarchy, determining the conceptual pairs, determining the classes, describing the characteristics, defining the quarries and creating the sample. According to the results of the study, the proposed method can be used to complete and develop the proposed ontology for e-learning.

Research in education includes the most extensive and sensitive area of humanities research. The education, as an infrastructure and model of society development has a crucial and delicate role in all aspects. In addition, the complex nature of teaching and learning activities increases by far the level of education difficulty. This situation reveals the role of supportive mechanism such as research to develop the education functions and guarantee the activities in the given institution. The aim of this study was to introduce the teacher-oriented research as a new paradigm in educational Research. This type of research, with its capacity, may change the teacher training trend and internalization and play an essential role in the teaching-learning area. The subject of research in education embraces a variety of paradigms. Teacher-oriented research is among the new paradigm in educational research area which is witness of teacher's professional needs for teaching management as well as fundamental approaches for removing the gap between researches and training activity.

Technology Education has been determined as a learning area in the general education in many countries. In the past, this area followed the technical paradigm. In late 20th century, this paradigm was affected by social, economic, and technological changes and led to new technology education. This research has been conducted to introduce a framework for work and technology curriculum. To this purpose, the relevant documents, literature, and resources of technology curriculum were examined at the universal level. The results of this study indicated that this curriculum focuses on technology literacy as a necessity for living in the 21st century and sets technological understanding, using and evaluation capacities as the major goals. In this framework content need to be consistent with universal concept of technology that includes to knowledge, process and context. In addition, teaching in technology is relevant with technologist and engineers methods. In this view, assessment is concordance with teaching methods.