Lipases (acylglycerol acylhydrolase, E. C. 3. 1. 1. 3) are widely distributed among microorganisms, animals and plants, catalyzing the hydrolysis of triglycerides to free fatty acids and glycerol. Their commercial application includes pharmaceutical, chemical, and paper industries.. This study aimed to isolate and screen lipolytic fungi from coastal waters of the southern Caspian Sea by Internal Transcribed Spacer-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ITS-PCR), and to optimize their lipolytic activity, pH and temperature. The ITS regions possess a high variation among taxonomically distinct fungal species and even within species.. All fungal were tested to determine their lipolytic activity by the Tributyrin agar plate assay. After DNA extraction, lipase-producing fungi were identified via ITS-PCR of rDNA region with ITS1 and ITS4 primers.. Four fungal species were isolated from water samples of the Caspian Sea (north of Iran) between February and June 2011. The nucleotide sequences reported for three of these isolates have been assigned accession numbers from NCBI Gene Bank database. Among these species, Cladosporium langeronii showed maximum lipolytic activity (34 U/mL) and maximum clear zone formation (6 mm) on the Tributyrin agar plates. The optimum pH and temperature for activity were 8.0 and 35°C, respectively.. The findings of this study indicated that these isolates were plant pathogenic fungi, which entered seawater from the environment, and were likely to have a suitable lipase activity on plant oils..

The present study was aimed to isolate and characterize the lipolytic enzyme producing bacteria from soil samples of regions around Zayande-rood river of Isfahan, Iran. Soil samples were collected from 15 cm depth of soil surface. Based on morphology, distinct colonies were isolated and purified through streak culture on to standard agar plates. Isolated colonies were examined for lipase activity using egg-yolk agar medium. Total of 15 isolates developed clear zones around their growth area which were considered as lipase positive. Preliminary identification of lipolytic active isolates revealed a gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and catalase positive bacteria, characteristics indicative of the genus bacillus. The gene coding for an extracellular lipase was cloned using PCR techniques. The gene was identified to be 639 bp in length and encoded a peptide of 212 amino acids with calculated molecular mass of 19353 Da, and pI 9.28. The DNA sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of the hypothetical lipase showed striking similarities to lipases from B. subtilis strains.

Lipase was produced under desired growth conditions in a novel tray bioreactor using the fungus strain of Rhizopus oryzae. Several agricultural residues/products including sugarcane bagasse, wheat bran, corn meal, barely bran and equal mixtures of sugarcane bagasse with agricultural residues were applied as solid substrate. Lipase produced from the pure sugarcane bagasse showed higher activities than other substrates; which resulted enzyme activities of 155.76 and 138.37 U/gds for the top and middle trays respectively. Furthermore, the influence of carbon and nitrogen supplements was investigated. Addition of carbon sources as substrate was found to be ineffective, while lipase activity remarkably increased by supplementation of bagasse with adequate amount of nitrogen source. Among the nitrogen supplements, urea as a suitable nitrogen source was considered; as a result the average lipolytic activity of 229.355 U/gds was achieved. In addition, various concentrations of vegetable oils including canola oil, soybean oil, olive oil and castor oil were applied. The inducing effect of vegetable oil on lipase activity was investigated. Among them, olive oil and canola oil increased lipolytic activity of lipase with an average value of 192.26 and 183.57 U/gds, respectively.

Today, many studies are doing to identify the lipolytic microorganisms because of the important role of them in the production of microbial lipases. Oilseed meals are a good place to achieve these microorganisms. In this field, yeasts are more important in comparison with other microorganisms. In this study, we isolated 27 types of fungi from Yazd sesame meal. After the evaluation of macro and micro morphological features, it was identified that 16 of them were from yeast group. Lipolytic yeasts were screened using Tween 80 agar medium and were identified to genus and species by colony and cell morphology observations and evaluation of fermentation reactions and the use of carbon and nitrogen sources. 4 lipolytic screened yeasts were included Sporidiobolus pararoseus, Sporobolomyces salmonicolor, Cryptococcus albidus and Yarrowia lipolytica. The ratio of areola diameter to the well diameter was between 2.314 – 2.714. S. pararoseus showed the maximum ratio of areola to well diameter (2.714). Lipase activity of these four types of yeasts was measured in submerged cultures with Cezepek Dox medium for 7 days at 30 °C and 200 rpm by using of photometry method and p-nitrophenyl palmitate substrate. Lipase activity range was between 0.866 – 4.333 U/ml, and Cryptococcus albidus had the highest lipase activity 4.333 U / ml, while it showed the least biomass growth among other yeasts (OD= 0.577). Yarrowia lipolytica showed lipase activity of 3.466 U/ml and also, the highest biomass growth OD =0.806.

Nowadays, the need to simultaneously achieve the valorization and recovery of fishing waste is critical for addressing environmental challenges and promoting resource sustainability. Fishing waste hosts enzymes that hold the potential for extraction and utilization in various industries. In this sense, the aim of this work was to extract and purify enzymes from the gastrointestinal tract of Myliobatis goodei using low-cost processes. The proteolytic and lipolytic activities of the extracted enzymes were also investigated. In addition, the detergent compatibility of the purified enzyme extract was evaluated to determine its potential application as an additive in laundry soaps. The crude extract was obtained by homogenization of 100g gastrointestinal tract in buffer Tris-HCl (pH=8.0). Then, it was precipitated with ammonium sulfate and purified by filtration. Finally, it was subjected to centrifugation at 10,000 ×g for 30 min at 4°C in an ultrafilters membrane with a 100 kDa cut-off. This purification protocol showed good performance for proteases and lipases as their activity was recovered at each step. The proteolytic activity was assayed using azocasein as substrate at pH 8.0 and 40°C, while trypsin activity was analyzed against the specific substrate benzoyl-arginine-p-nitroanilide. The lipolytic activity was carried out by p-nitrophenol production through the reaction of p-nitrophenylacetate dissolved in 2-propanol at pH 7.0 and 37°C. The compatibility of the enzyme activity with some commercial detergents was evaluated. Additionally, proteolytic and lipolytic activities were tested on spiruline and soybean oil stains and showed a strong ability to remove them from cotton fabrics. Due to its promising properties, the purified enzymes isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of M. goodei may be considered as a potential effective active ingredient for its use in the detergents industry.

Lipid-degrading bacteria found in processing ponds of palm oil mill effluent are recognized for the capacity to break down lipid using lipase enzyme. Identifying novel strains of these bacteria with high bioremediation potential contributes valuable insights to the sustainable management of palm oil mill effluent. Therefore, this study aimed to identify potential bacteria, assess the in vitro lipid-degrading capabilities, characterize the traits, and evaluate lipid degradation activity of potential isolates from palm oil industry wastewater. The method used for exploring the potential of lipid-degrading bacteria in palm oil mill effluent entailed a survey comprising various stages including detection of bacteria presence, in vitro assessment of potential indices, characterization, lipid degradation testing, and determination of lipase activity. The results showed that several bacteria groups were present in palm oil mill effluent, including 50-74 percent lipolytic, 31-90 percent fermentative, 76-83 percent proteolytic, and 51-74 percent cellulolytic. Selected lipid-degrading isolates demonstrated significant in vitro potential, as evidenced by high lipolytic and fermentative indices. Isolate Enzymatic 3 had the highest lipolytic index, degradation value (48.72 percent), and lipase activity (0.12 units/milliliter), identified as Bacillus cereus central carbon metabolism 2010. Similarly, isolate Fermentative 2 was found to have the highest fermentative index, degradation value (22.35 percent), and lipase activity (0.01 units/milliliter), identified as Bacillus thuringiensis American type culture collection 10792. Based on the results, isolates Enzymatic 3 and Fermentative 2 showed promising potential as biological agents for bioremediation of palm oil mill effluent. The results underscored the promising potential of specific bacteria isolates in mitigating lipid-rich effluents, advocating for the integration into sustainable wastewater management practices in palm oil industry. This study provided valuable insights for future investigations aimed at unraveling the intricate mechanisms governing lipid degradation and fostering environmentally friendly solutions for industrial waste management.

Today, entrance of wastewaters, especially detergent and cleaner agent’s production industries wastewaters, to surface and underground waters is one of environmental pollution concerns. These wastewaters are containing detergents and surfactants, such as polysorbates and, because of exposure of human and other organisms, their degradation is of great important. This research analyses degradation of a non-ionic detergent in polysorbate group called Tween 80 (polysorbate 80) and studies effect of pH and temperature on degradation rate of this detergent, using lipolytic bacteria (isolated from Tehran oil refinery wastewater and activated sludge). For primary isolating of lipolytic bacteria, the TSA medium containing Tween 80 and olive oil has been, separatively, used. Then specific culture Tween agar and Tributyrin agar have been used to study for lipase enzyme bacteria production. Also for confirmation degradation, instrumental methods, spectrophotometer and FTIR were used. The results shows that the isolated bacteria are able to depredate polysorbate 80 by lipase enzyme production. Bacillus cereus was known as the best degradator after the identification of the molecular basis of sequencing 16S rRNA. Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (T), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Bacillus sp was known. The results showed that pH and temperature affects on the degradation of tween, and the Pseudomonas aeruginosa at acidic range of pH, two gram positive bacillus at alkali range of pH and three bacteria at 37 ˚C have the best degradation.

Dairy-based traditional fermented foods have rich sources of native lactic flora which isolation. The aim of this study was to identify and investigate the technological and antimicrobial properties of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus isolated from local yogurt in Behbahan. After isolation, Gram and catalase tests was done and identification was performed by 16S rRNA gene analysis method. Then, their technological properties such as acidification, proteolytic, lipolytic and autolytic activity, resistance to acid and heat, and finally their antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens were examined. The results of the sequencing showed that the two isolates belonged to Lactobacillus casei strain CE28.26 and Lactobacillus acidophilus strain BCRC106955. The proteolytic activity of isolates was investigated by agar test and o-phthaldialdehyde method and the results showed that both isolates have the ability to hydrolyze casein. Also, no lipolytic activity was observed for any of the bacteria but isolates had high acidification activity. Studies of autolytic activity have shown that both sides have relatively good levels of this feature. The results showed the resistance of the strains decreased when the acidity production increased. So that the isolates could not grow in pH 3. Also, the study of temperature resistance showed with increasing the temperature and time, the resistance of isolates decreased. The results showed that L. acidophilus had more antimicrobial activity. The highest resistance and sensitivity were belonged to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. Due to the appropriate technological properties of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilusisolates, they can be used as adjuncts culture in target industries such as dairy.

Lactic acid bacteria have been used as a starter culture to produce fermented dairy products. Identifying and studying the technological and antimicrobial properties of these bacteria can enable their industrial applications. The aim of this study was to investigate the technological and antimicrobial characteristics of Lactobacillus brevis isolated from Khikki cheese. For this purpose, after Gram-staining and catalase test, molecular identification of the desired strain was performed using FYM27 and R1492 universal primers. Various technological characteristics of this strain such as exopolysaccharide production, proteolytic activity, lipolytic activity, acid production, survival under refrigerator conditions and its autolytic activity were examined. The antimicrobial activity was measured using “Lawn on the spot” method on food borne pathogens. The results showed that the strain belongs to L. brevis gp104. This strain also had ability to produce exopolysaccharide as a secondary metabolite; although it did not show proteolytic and lipolytic activity. Lactobacillus brevis reached pH = 4.6 at 15 °C after 72 h. This time was 48 and 24 h for 24 and 37 °C, respectively. The results showed that on the seventh day of its storage in refrigerator, the survival of the strain was approximately equal to the initial inoculated amount, but after 14 days, 1.5 Log CFU/ml and after 21 days, about 2 Log CFU/ml decreased in its number. In addition, the autolytic activity of Lactobacillus brevis was calculated to be 53%. The inhibition zone diameter for Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Listeria innocua was 11.30, 10.10, 22.40 and 19.50 mm, respectively. Due to the favorable technological potential of L. brevis, this strain could be used in the production of probiotic products as well as adjunct culture in fermented products.

Recently, special attention has been paid to enterococci for use as probiotics in dairy products. All these desirable features are a stimulus for the producers of dairy products to use enterococci isolated from dairy products such as Liqvan cheese. Despite having all these features, enterococci are not recognized as GRAS and their presence in food products is a sign of fecal contamination. The purpose of this research is to investigate enterococci isolated from Liqvan and Koze cheese in terms of having pathogenic indicators in order to confirm that they are safe for consumers and finally to investigate the possibility of using them as starters or starter aids in dairy products. Especially cheeses. Based on this, 57 isolates of Enterococcus faecium from traditional Iranian cheeses were examined for the presence of pathogenic genes, and finally 23 isolates did not have any pathogenic genes. Then the technological properties of these isolates such as acidification, proteolytic, lipolytic, autolytic, heat and acid resistance and exopolysaccharide production were investigated. The results showed that among the 23 investigated strains, 19 isolates had antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, 16 strains were able to produce exopolysaccharide and 20 isolates had moderate acidification properties. The highest proteolytic and lipolytic activity was related to strains c18 and c16, respectively, and strain LR78 showed the highest acid and heat resistance.