Diabetes is currently the sixth cause of death and has no definitive cure. Therefore, it is essential to focus on patients’ awareness and education. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a specifically designed integrated web-based self-care protocol on health-related quality of life, mental well-being, and blood sugar in type 2 diabetic patients.

The present study followed a pretest-posttest design with a control group. Of patients with type 2 diabetes referred to the Diabetes Society of Tehran (Tehran, Iran), 64 were selected and randomly assigned to the two groups. The experimental group attended five one-hour treatment sessions on the Internet. Data were collected by administering the Self-Care Summary Questionnaire, Diabetes Dependent Quality of Life Scale, and Psychological Welfare Questionnaire before and after the treatment. Collected data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA).

The results showed a significant difference between the two groups in the level of blood sugar (F=4.35), well-being (F=14.24), quality of life (F=52.63), and self-care (F=68.54) at the significance level of 0.001.

Considering the importance of self-care education and mobile (virtual) health, it is recommended that web-based self-care treatments are utilized for controlling diabetes

The use of mobile technology as mobile health is rapidly expanding to track and improve human health. The advent of smartphone technology alongside interactive displays has provided quick access, easy access, transmission and tracking information for patients and service providers. The patients can better manage and control their illness and health by using wireless technologies along with software developed.
In this review, scientific databases using a combination of sensitive keywords were searched out in articles published in accredited journals. Then, categorization and content analysis procedures were performed using scientific methods. Since one of the main goals of using cellular technology in the health sector is improving health, quality and access to services, so this paper will be focus on the most widely used mobile health apps such as: application control and management of diabetes, heart disease, the elderly, drug adherence, smoking cessation, asthma and stroke control.
The results of of this study indicate that mobile applications as part of customer health informatics will have the potential to facilitate self-care for people with various illnesses with patient education, disease management, easy tracking, helping to increase motivational capabilities and improve drug adherence Health systems facilitate and improve individual self-care using disease management software and providing capabilities such as collecting clinical signs and data for patients and service providers, managing and tracking drug and treatment processes, and changing lifestyl.
Mobiles technology by connecting patients to care providers can provide access to information, help reduce costs, facilitate remote care and increase the quality of care at any location and at any time. Mobile health technology using different software can be very effective and useful for the improvement of health objectives in various fields, including management, treatment, care and prevention.

One way to improve the quality of life in patients with thalassemia major is empowering patients through self-care education to counter the effects and complications of the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention using mobile phone on self-care behaviors in patients with thalassemia major.
The study population of this interventional study were patients with thalassemia major who referred to Hazrat Abolfazl (AS) hospital in Minab in the province of Hormozgan. In this study, 46 patients were assigned in the intervention group and 45 patients in the control group. Educational program consisted of thalassemia disease introduction, complications and self-care behaviors for thalassemia disease that were made during the six calls and lasted for a month. Also educational pamphlets were given to the patients. Data were collected before and two months after education by a questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS software version 22.
Before the intervention, the mean scores of knowledge, attitude and self-care behaviors in the intervention and control groups were not significantly different. After the intervention a significant increase in mean scores of knowledge, attitude and self-care behaviors observed in the intervention group (p The results of this study indicated the positive effect of educational intervention through mobile phone on knowledge, attitude and improvement of self-care behaviors in patients with thalassemia major. Hence, mobile phone is recommended as a device for transmission of self-care educational materials to patients with thalassemia major, especially when access to them is limited.

In recent years, mobile phones and intelligent instruments have become important technologies to deliver health care around the world. These technologies can be used for health control and self-management of people with chronic diseases such as HIV/AIDS. This study was a development research to determine the data requirements and technical capabilities of a mobile-based self-management intelligent system for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH).
A review was conducted in relevant databases including PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, and Web of Science to find appropriate sources of technical requirements and data elements of a mobile-based self-management system for PLWH. In the second stage, the infectious disease specialists and health information management consulted by the questionnaire for system requirements.
Three categories of requirements, including demographic and clinical data elements and technical capabilities for system design were determined. Medication reminding, educational messages providing, diet reminding, security requirements, internet access, and Appointment reminding were the most important technical requirements of mobile-based self-management system for people living with HIV. Furthermore, clinical data elements of the system in order of priority were: fever, weight loss, diarrhea, loss of appetite, joint pain, and the first signs of disease.
The requirements for the design and implementation of an intelligent system to support mobile-based self-management for PLWH were obtained. Using these requirements, designing self-management system architecture will be possible. The system features such as the ability to provide care plan will be specific to each person uniquely. Using this system, may improve the patient's self-management skills and facilitate PLWH communication with health care providers.

Self-care in chronic diseases implies the study and control of disease symptoms, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and daily functioning. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of educational text messages on self-care in hypertensive patients in one of the hypertension clinics in Kerman in 2020.

The statistical population of this quasi-experimental study included 316 patients with a history of hypertension, of whom 64 were selected as the sample of the study. Then, the selected participants were randomly assigned to two intervention and control groups each with 32 members. The self-care behavior questionnaire for hypertensive patients was used to collect data. Before the intervention, the questionnaires were completed by the participants. Then, educational text messages were sent to the intervention group for one month while the control group received no intervention. At the end of the training, all patients completed the questionnaires again. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 26).

The results showed that the mean score of self-care in the intervention group after the intervention (previous score being controlled) was 6.92 more than that of the control group, which was statistically significant (P-value <0.01). Thus, using mobile health (mHealth) had a greater impact on increasing self-care in patients with hypertension compared with the conventional self-care methods.

The results of this study indicated the efficiency of educational text messages in self-care of patients with hypertension. Therefore, it is a good choice to use mHealth technologies for providing health care.

In the report of the analytical Parsnews, Iran is among ten countries which their population goes to the elderly and its population will reach to breakeven that means equality of the number of births and deaths in 30 years, the subject those experts consider as the old crisis (1). Therefore, financial and human resources expenses to care elderly people whether in nursing homes or in hospitals is a big challenge. Saving lives of many elderly people with early diagnosis is possible by regular and accurate monitoring of their health which mobile health technology is one of the easiest and most available solutions. In this regard, a study in the USA showed that 86% of people over 65 years suffer from at least one chronic disease that three quarters of health care, expense, financial pressure and medical resources allocate to their treatment. The best way to reduce medical expenses and increase empowering community members is preventing chronic diseases and accurate managing of health procedures (2). On the other hand, people’s trend to carry their mobile phone everywhere and their interest to their phones provides increasing opportunity for this technology usage in health field (3). WHO (World Health Or­ganization) defines mobile health as providing healthcare services by using mobile devices like mobile phones, patient navigation devices, PDA (Personal Digital Assistants) and other wireless devices (2). In this regard, the results of Antonicelli et al. study entitled “impact of tele-monitoring at home on the management of elderly patients with congestive heart failure” in 2008 showed that tele-monitoring system reduces readmission rate and regular use of drugs by studied elderly people (4). Grundgeiger et al. in 2011 in their study entitled “Mobile Health Technologies: Applications to Benefit Older Adults” mentioned that mobile health is most likely to reduce demand for labor in the medium term by making applications for elderly people’s care, encouraging them to more self-management and also providing more effective communications among health care providers, heads of households and elderly people (5). It is predicted that until 2014, public and private health care providers can save from 1.96 to 5.83 billion dollar in medical expenses all over the world by using mobile health technologies by health monitoring (6). Available and cheap modern technologies like mobile phone should be used in the best way to reduce healthcare expenses, empower people, and improve monitoring of patients by continuous assessing disease signs and symptoms, control of patients to follow self-management programs and prevent from chronic diseases. Mobile health technology empowers elderly people and prevents from their chronic diseases by enabling continuous monitoring on people’s health. Finally, mobile phone applications can reduce expenses, improve health care quality, and also change health behaviors by promoting prevention and then improving health in the long term

Mobile applications have been proposed as a helpful tool to provide health-related information to people, and this is more important in pregnancy-related mobile applications. This review study aimed to investigate the features of Persian and English mobile apps for self-care in pregnancy.This descriptive cross-sectional study was done on all Persian and English mobile applications related to pregnancy in 2022. A search was conducted on Iranian digital app market (Bazaar) and "Google Play", using the following keywords: "pregnancy", "pregnant women", "obstetrics", and their Persian translations. For each app, the extracted information included name, user satisfaction rate, and the features and provided information by mobile app.The total number of retrieved applications was 416 apps. After removing the duplicates and applying the inclusion criteria, 63 applications were selected for features extraction. Reviewing the features and information provided by the applications showed that the most frequent categories of information included the following items: childbirth and pregnancy (including timing contractions, fetal movement, symptoms of pregnancy and predicting delivery time), restrictions and limitations (including behavioral limits, sexual restrictions, smoking and alcohol, cosmetics and pregnancy and drug use during pregnancy), and monitoring and control tools (BMI Calculator, managing weight gain during pregnancy, control of blood pressure).Paying attention to pregnant women and meeting their information needs could lead to healthier generation. A wide range of mobile applications related to pregnancy are available with many capabilities. Considering pregnant women’s need for information and using these apps in self-care, it seems essential to develop and design a series of high-quality apps matching pregnant women's needs.

Mobile technology has provided new opportunities for health care systems. Improvement of health services outcomes in different patient groups is one of the benefits of using this tool. Although the use of mobile in Iran is expanding, there is no evidence of the state and the use of this technology in health system. The aim of this study was to review published researches on the application of mHealth in the health system of Iran.
In order to carry out a review study, Pubmed database was searched by the keyword "mobile Health" and its equivalents which have derived from the "Medical Subject Headings". Iranian databases including Iran medex, Magiran and Scientific Information Database (SID) were also searched for Persian and English terms of mobile health. Retrieval citations from information databases were sent to the endnote software and evaluated based on the considered criteria.
The research sample consisted of 26 articles that met the criteria of the study. In most of studies, text messaging was the main intervention tool of mHealth. The results indicated significant effect of mobile health in improving the patient's care.
In Iran, mobile health can be effectively used in the health system due to population structure and geographic extent. According to the results of this study, the use of mobile health, especially in educating patients for self-care and preventing the spread of diseases, can be very effective.

Educating women about vaginitis and self-care seem very essential. This study aimed to identify the common sources of information, educational needs in self-care and training methods among women at reproductive age with vaginitis.
In a descriptive cross sectional study, utilizing simple random sampling based on purpose of study, 224 nonpregnant, 15-49 years old and sexual active females complaining vaginitis attending three gynecologic clinics in Tehran, Iran were investigated. Method of data collection was questionnaire containing demographic characteristics, disease condition and the needs assessment sections.
The most educational needs were the sexual health self-care behaviors. Doctors, midwives and health care workers with 107 (47.76%) and the web 73 (32.58%) were the most common sources of women’s information about the vaginitis. Booklet, CD/DVD, mobile (cell) phone was chosen as the most favorite training methods for designing and implementing educational programs respectively.
The findings showed that the women of reproductive age with vaginal infections need education on vaginitis and its related self-care behaviors.

Nowadays there is no absolute treatment for gestational diabetes. Therefore, lifestyle management and selfcare are highly recommended. In this regard¡ the use of information technology such as mobile phones can help in the process of self-care to pregnant mothers. The purpose of the present research was designing and development of gestational diabetes self-care system based on mobile phones.
This applied-developmental study was done based on 4 phases. These phases included: determining the required data through the related literature review and questionnaires, designing processes scenarios and drawing the UML graphs through Rational Rose software, creating a prototype system using the Java programming language in Android studio software environment, and system usability evaluation via questionnaire.
In the first phase, 4 data elements were eliminated and 39 (with at least 55% response frequency) were considered necessary. In the fourth stage, with acquiring a minimum average score of 6.1, evaluators were satisfied with the usability of all aspects of the system.
The findings concerning determination of the required data based on the mobile phone system, designing, creating and consequently evaluating it in all usability axes indicated a good level of system usability. Accordingly¡ it is suggested that future studies be performed on clinical trials effectiveness of using this gestational diabetes self-care software or similar systems designed to control the diet of these patients.