Advanced oxidation technologies based on microwave and photocatalysis have a higher potential for the treatment of environmental persistence and reclariant compounds. The present work investigates the treatment of Bismarck Brown dye using effects of photocatalysis (UV) and microwave (MW) and their sequential combination. It has been observed that the sequential combination of MW followed by UV (MW/UV) has shown the higher performance as compared to the effects of MW and UV alone. The maximum degradation for MW/UV observed is (44.1±0.5 %). It was much higher than UV (9.2±0.08 %), and MW (30.8±0.6 %). The process efficiency was further increased in the presence of the catalyst such as hydrogen peroxide, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide. The highest degradation was observed in the presence of titanium oxide (82.9±0.4 %) as a catalyst loading of 0.1 g/L in 100 min. Total organic carbon (TOC) measured for quantification of mineralization of BB-Y. The maximum removal of TOC was 38.2±0.32 % in a sequential combination of MW-UV (presence TiO2).

Nowadays, concrete is one of the most important and widely used human product. Improving concrete characteristics have always been one of the fundamental subjects for engineers. Improve the physical properties of water, as one of the main elements of concrete, is one way to improve the characteristics of the concrete. When water passes through the magnetic field, its physical quality has changed, it is called Magnetic water. This study examines the effect of the use of magnetized water (MW) with a solenoid current-carrying, on the compressive strength and workability of high performance concrete. The variables of this study were the intensity of magnetic field, the silica fume replacement level and water to cement ratio in different mixes. The results show that using MW increases the workability of concrete about 36% in average.MW in combination with superplasticizer is more effective than MW on workability and compressive strength of concrete. MW had more positive effects on the samples without silica fume. Increasing the intensity of magnetic field improved the workability, 28 and 90 days compressive strength concrete.

Since the microwave technology is well considered in food processing due to the speed and mechanism, in this study, cupcake was baked at different levels of MicroWave (MW) power (150, 300, 450 and 600W) and the effects of different kinds of operational time (3.5, 5, 8, 16 minutes) and power on physical properties (density, porosity, colour and height) and textural properties (crispness, hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, resilience, gumminess and chewiness) of cupcake were investigated. Results showed that the MW baking time to obtain desirable baking properties was affected by MW power. The obtained results showed that the total differences in colour from the reference batter (∆E) and colour intensity increased with increasing of MW power. Moreover, the MW cupcake baked at a power of 600W had the least hardness, density, chewiness, gumminess values, the shortest baking time, and the highest values of cohesiveness, resilience, porosity, height, and browning index. Also, it had the highest cohesiveness, resilience, porosity, height and browning index, compared to the other powers. Therefore, the best operational power for desirable quality obtained during baking was 600W.

For preparation of highly active supported catalyst with bis(imino)pyridyl Fe(II) complexes (Fe1, Fe2) and N,N-α-diimine complex of Ni (Ni3), silica modified with alumina (SiO2 (Al)) was used as a support. Data on the possibility to regulate molecular weight (MW) and molecular weight distribution (MWD) of polyethylene (PE), produced over the supported catalyst Fe1/SiO2 (Al)+TIBA by variation of polymerization temperature and the addition of hydrogen and hexene-1, are obtained. The prepared PE samples were characterized by Mw values varied from 80 to 350 kg/mol and various MMD (Mw/Mn=4.6-11.7).By grafting on SiO2(Al) of two different iron bis(imino)pyridyl complexes, producing PE with diverse MW, bi-component catalyst was prepared. This catalyst generates linear PE with broad and bimodal MWD (Mw/Mn=33). Fixation on SiO2(Al) of α-diimine Ni(II) pre-catalyst (Ni3), yielding high molecular weight branched PE at the ethylene homopolymerization, and bis(imino)pyridyl Fe(II) complex (Fe2) that forms lower molecular weight linear PE, affords formation of a new bi-component catalyst. The catalyst produces PE with broad MWD and high content of branches concentrated in high molecular weight PE fraction.

Incomplete polymerization of composite resins has unfavorable effects on the clinical function and the esthetics of the restoration. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the light intensity of light-curing units in the Department of Operative Dentistry of Isfahan Faculty of Dentistry and the curing depth according to ISO 4049 standards and also to compare the primary and final light densities of the units. In this in vitro study, first the light intensities of 9 light-curing units of the Department of Operative Dentistry were measured by a radiometer. According to ISO 4049 if the intensity of the light-curing unit was higher than 200 mW/cm2, the unit was used to cure five samples of Z100 composite resin. A total of 7 units were used to cure 35 specimens. The exposure time of the units with 200-300 mW/cm2 light intensity was twice those of units with over 300 mW/cm2. The uncured composite resins were removed by scraping and half of the least remaining composite resin thickness was recorded as the curing depth. Finally the light intensity of each unit was measured again. Data was analyzed with SPSS using t-test and correlation coefficient (α = 0.05). The light intensity of light-curing units was 40‒620 mW/cm2: four units with above 300 mW/cm2; three with 200-300 mW/cm2 and two with less than 200 mW/cm2. Only two light-curing units exhibited significant differences between primary and final light intensities (p value < 0.001). The correlation coefficient between the light intensity and curing depth was 0.58. All the curing depths were within the ranges of ISO 4049 standards regardless of duration of exposure. All the light-curing units with a light intensity of more than 200 mW/cm2 had achieved the necessary curing depth specified by ISO 4049 and there was a positive correlation between light intensity and curing depth.

To evaluate the effect of different light intensities on the degree of conversion (DC) of dual-cured resin cement at different depths of translucent fiber posts. Thirty translucent fiber posts were randomly assigned into three (n=10) groups. They were cemented in the simulated canal spaces using Duo-Link dual-cured resin cement. The cement was light-cured under 600, 800 and 1100 mW/cm2 light intensities for 40 seconds. DC of the resin cement was calculated at cervical, middle and apical thirds using the spectra of FT-Raman spectrometer. Data were analyzed by repeated measurement ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests (α=0.05). In all the groups, the least DC was obtained at the apical region. There were no significant differences in the DC with different light intensities between the cervical and middle regions (p>0.05). However, in the apical region, the DC in both 800 and 1100 mw/cm2 was similar (p>0.05), but greater with 600 mW/cm2 light intensity (p=0.02 and p<0.001, respectively). In comparison with the light intensity of 600 mW/cm2, the light intensity of 800 mW/cm2 significantly increased the DC of dual-cured resin cement in the apical region. However, DC was not significantly different between 800 and 1100 mw/cm2 light intensities. If the resin cement, especially in the apical areas is not sufficiently cured, microleakage might increase and post retention might be jeopardized. In comparison with 600 mW/cm2 light intensity, 800 mW/cm2 significantly increases DC at the apical third that might be clinically beneficial.

Purpose Mobile cell phones are used extensively these days, and their microwave (MW) radiation has been shown to affect the eye. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of MW radiation on rabbit retina.
Methods This experimental study (concluded in 2015) was conducted on 40 adult white New Zealand rabbits. A Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) cell phone simulator was used for MW irradiation. The rabbits were randomized into five groups (8 in each) and treated as follows: Group 1: no irradiation (sham); Group 2: irradiation at 10 cm for 1 day; Group 3: irradiation at 30 cm for 1 day; Group 4: irradiation at 10 cm for 3 days; and Group 5: irradiation at 30 cm for 3 days. Scotopic and photopic electroretinography (ERG) responses were obtained at baseline and 7 days after the last exposure. Then all the rabbits were euthanized, and their eyes were enucleated and sent for pathology examination. Kruskal–Wallis and Chi-Square tests were used to evaluate intergroup differences in ERG parameters and histological findings, respectively.
Results ERG responses obtained 7 days after irradiation did not show any statistically significant difference between the groups (P > 0.1, for all tested parameters). There were statistically non-significant trends toward greater changes in the MW irradiated eyes. In pathological examination, retina was normal with no sign of degeneration or infiltration. Ciliary body congestion was observed in greater fraction of those who received higher MW doses. (P = 0.005).
Conclusions Histopathologically, cell phone simulated MW irradiation had no significant detrimental effect on the retina. However, ciliary body congestion was observed in greater fraction of those who received higher MW doses. Although there was no significant difference between post-treatment mean ERG values, there were statistically non-significant trends toward greater changes in the MW irradiated eyes.

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is an important class of environmental pollutants which is excessively used in industry in spite of strong evidence about its hazards. Therefore, the removal of PCP from aqua solution is recommended due to its toxicity and health risks. In the present study, the removal of PCP using a modified domestic microwave (MW) oven alone and in combination with persulfate (MW/PS) was investigated. The effects of operational parameters such as pH of solution, the power of microwave radiations and the amount of persulfate concentration were studied. A spectrophotometer was used for determining of the concentration of pentachlorophenol. The experimental results showed that the removal of PCP was influenced by many factors, such as the pH value, the amount of persulfate and microwave power. The optimum conditions for the best removal rate were obtained at pH=11, a persulfate concentration of 0.02mol/L and microwave irradiation power of about 600W for MW/PS system at constant PCP concentration. Also, the direct degradation results showed that the removal of PCP was 2% in MW system without PS after 30 min of MW irradiation. The removal of PCP by MW/PS and MW alone were follow first order rate decay kinetics and the rate constants were 0.093 and 0.00066 min-1, respectively.

This paper presents the results of a research into the feasibility of recovering waste heat and determining design parameters of a recovery boiler for a set of medium-speed diesel generators with a capacity of 7 MW (the nominal capacity of all units is 42 MW, which would be a study on a unit). And is used to generate electricity. The main purpose of this study is to design a thermal waste recovery system for motors and to utilize geothermal technology for the power plant cooling system. The maximum theoretical potential of power generation is estimated at about 22 MW, and the pinch analysis model enables this potential to reach 80%. In this paper, the exergy performance and unit economic analysis are also performed for the optimum stage and the results are investigated at different minimum temperature and different pinch points. Finally, a geothermal cooling system is designed to control the thermal pollution of the exhaust gases and the water consumption of the system. Also, combining the power plant cycle has a positive effect on the exergy and unit energy efficiency (17and 14.1%) and increases the power generation of the power plant by 19 MW.