We studied usefulness of serum B-type natriuretic peptide level as a screening tool for detecting hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in the preterm neonates. Sixty admitted preterm neonates with gestational age ≤34 weeks, birth weight ≤2500 gr, and age of >3 days have been enrolled in this study. We measured serum B-type natriuretic peptide levels at the beginning and after completion of drug therapy for ductus occlusion. Mean±SD gestational age and weight was 31±1.9 weeks and 1680±350 gr, respectively. The peptide levels in the neonates with significant duct (n=13) were significantly higher than in those with insignificant duct (n=17) or no duct (n=30) (1667±821 pg/ml versus 667±666 and 309±171, respectively). The peptide level dropped significantly after ibuprofen administration in the neonates with significant PDA (n=13), (1667±1165 pg/ml to 429±386). At a cutoff point of 450 pg/ml, B-type natriuretic peptide level had a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 87%, the negative predictive value of 98.5%, the positive likelihood ratio of 6.92 and the negative likelihood ratio of 0.089 for detecting significant patent duct. Levels below this can eliminate the need for echocardiography.

There are three types of adipose tissue in the human body: white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige or Brite adipose tissue. In WAT, energy reserves in the form of triglyceride, while in BAT triglyceride molecules lipolyze for thermogenesis through fatty acid oxidation. A protein called uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) is responsible for non-shivering thermogenesis in BAT. The most important activators of BAT include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), sympathetic nervous system (SNS), hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis (HPT axis), endothelium, atrial natriuretic peptides, irisin, β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and interleukin-6 (IL6) that generally exert their effects through stimulation of UCP1 expression and activity. Beige adipose are among white adipose and elevation of UCP1 gene expression is the main cause of their production that atrial natriuretic peptides, PGC1α, irisin, FGF21 and BAIBA are the most stimulators of this transformation. The role of exercise in the stimulation of BAT and transformation of WAT to Brite is discussed in this study.

Due to the significant differences between the physiology and pathology of adults and neonates, clinical guidelines for adults are not directly applicable to children. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of high- and low- dose captopril on the neonates with large left-to-right shunts. The study was conducted on 20 neonates with congenital heart disease, left-to-right shunt, and cardiac failure. Based on the Ross scoring system, the neonates were clinically evaluated by measuring renin, aldosterone, and B-type natriuretic peptide, and performing echocardiography. For each neonate, the treatment of heart failure started with digoxin and frusemide, and reevaluation was conducted 3 days after the treatment. Afterwards, the neonates were randomly divided into 2 groups; low- (0.03mg/kg) and high-doses (0.5mg/kg) of captopril were administered, and the reevaluation was carried out, after one week of therapy. The study revealed higher reduction of the Ross score in the high-dose group; however, the change was not statistically significant (P=0.56). B-type natriuretic peptide and aldosterone reduced further in the high-dose group; again the changes were not statistically significant (P=0.4). Moreover, the treatment with captopril increased the pulmonary blood flow (QP), and pulmonary-to-systemic blood flow (QP/QS) in both groups; though the changes were not significant. According to the present study, although high-dose captopril can decrease B-type natriuretic peptide and the neonates'' clinical symptoms, the resultant changes are not statistically significant. Therefore, clinical decision making should follow a case-by-case basis for each neonate, in order to select the effective dose of captopril.

Acute respiratory distress (ARD) is a critical respiratory failure due to lung injury of neonates leading to the clinical appearance of poor lung compliance. The aimed of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic values in differentiating respiratory from heart diseases with using of N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) and Atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) in neonates.
Material and Ninety neonates randomly collected from those who hospitalized in the neonate ward of the Ali Ebne abitalib Hospital, Zahedan, Iran .After taking blood samples ANP and NT pro Brian Natriuretic peptide using ELISA kit were measured. The separated serum was kept in -20 °C until BNP measurement. 250 μl of the patients’ serum was isolated to assess pro BNP level using ELISA kit (USA). Data were analyzed using SPSS- 20 with considering of P NT pro-BNP level had the highest in cardiac patients and followed by respiratory. The level of NT pro-BNP for control neonates had the lowest. These levels had significant variation (P Many studies revealed that NT pro-BNP cannot be used as a tool for differentiation between cardiac and respiratory as a cause of respiratory distress during neonate, but the results of the present study showed that it would be good biomarker.

The present study aimed at investigating the effect of a 12-week aerobic water exercise and atorvastatin on of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) and Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) changes in older men with cardiovascular diseases.
In the current study, 40 patients with cardiovascular disease, aged 50-65yrs, who were volunteers for the research were divided in to four equal groups including1.exercise, 2.exercise plus atorvastatin, 3.atorvastatin, and 4.control. Then, blood was taken before and after the interventions. Groups 1 and 2 performed the specific water aerobic exercise 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Group 3 took 20mg of atorvastatin daily under a physician Water aerobic exercise lasted 12 weeks, 3 periods a week, with intensity of 55-60% of heart-beat. Every week, due to overtax principle, 3.5 minutes was added to exercise period. In order to determine the difference between pre-test and post-test, dependent T was applied. Intergroup difference was determined through ANOVA using Tukey for post-test; (P≤0.05).
ANOVA application revealed that mean of functional variables in pre-test compared to that of post-test was significantly different. Mean post-test of BNP in the four groups exercise, atorvastatin, exercise plus atorvastatin and control was P= 0.001, P=0.002, P=0.000, respectively. But mean post-test of ANP in the above mentioned groups was P=0.022, P=0.001, P=0.000, respectively.
Aerobic exercises together with daily taking of atorvastatin can have significant effects on decreasing natriuretic peptides and CVDs.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of increasing to maximal aerobic training on biomarkers of heart damage in Iran's Premier Football League players.The present study was a semi-experimental research. From among this society, 20football players were selected as available samples. The assessment of incremental aerobic activity to the maximum was by implementing the Bruce protocol. In order to test hypotheses and compare dependent variables in different groups, analysis of variance test was used in repeated measures, and Bonferroni test was used to compare between blood sampling stages. The analysis of collected data was done using 25SPSS software.According to the results, there was no significant difference in the amount of galectin-3between the pre-test phase and immediately and 24 hours after the test. Also, there was a significant difference in CTnI and CTnT in the pre-test and after the test. CTnI and CTnT levels increased significantly immediately after the test. and then returned to the initial state 24 hours later. Also, a significant difference in brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was observed in the pre-test, immediately and 24 hours after the exercise. Brain natriuretic levels increased significantly immediately after the test and decreased significantly after 24 hours and returned to the initial levels 24 hours later. It can be concluded that aerobic exercise increasing to the maximum may lead to an increase in cardiac specific troponin I and T and brain natriuretic peptide. However, the increase appears to be temporary and does not cause heart damage.

One of the main components involving in the pathogenesis and prognosis of sepsis and septic shock is natriuretic peptide. Hemodynamic changes in sepsis or septic shock might explain increased plasma levels of these peptides circulations.. The present study aimed to assess the value of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in prediction of sepsis state and its related morbidity. We also attempted to determine the best cutoff point of BNP for diagnosis of sepsis state in those with critical illnesses, admitted to the hospital..Patients and In a cross-sectional study on critically ill patients referred to infections unit of Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, the enrolled patients were assigned to one of the sepsis (n = 30) and nonsepsis (n = 30) groups, based on their results of blood culture and clinical manifestations. Plasma level of BNP was measured by immunoassay.. In-hospital mortality was only observed in one patient suffering from sepsis. Hospital length of stay (LOS) was significantly longer in the sepsis group compared with the nonsepsis one (17.47 ± 10.10 days versus 7.93 ± 2.92 days). The plasma BNP level, as a marker, was significantly higher in the sepsis group than the nonsepsis one (786.87 ± 164.11 ng/mL versus 154.57 ± 44.67 ng/mL, P = 0.039). The BNP level was significantly correlated with some baseline variables including respiratory rate (beta = 0.295, P = 0.022) and ESR measurement (beta = 0.296, P = 0.022), but not with other characteristics. Through multivariable linear regression analysis, having other patients’ variables information including demographics and hemodynamic parameters, the BNP level was significantly higher in the sepsis group compared with the nonsepsis one (odds ratio = 1.008, P = 0.046). According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, BNP measurement had an acceptable value for discriminating sepsis and nonsepsis states (c = 0.734, 95% CI: 0.605-0.864, P = 0.002). The optimal cutoff point of BNP for discriminating sepsis and nonsepsis states was 170 ng/mL, yielding a sensitivity of 66.7% and a specificity of 60.0%.. Elevated BNP level was associated with a significantly increased risk of sepsis state in critically ill patients..

B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level is known to increase in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. In this systematic review, we aimed to discuss the possible association between plasma BNP level and the success rate of percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched systematically, using the following key terms: “B-type natriuretic peptide” OR “BNP” AND “percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy” OR “percutaneous transluminal mitral commissurotomy” OR “PTMC” OR “percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy” OR “PBMV”. The title, keywords and abstract of relevant articles were searched thoroughly. Among 27 articles found in these databases, 18 studies were excluded during different stages of article selection, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 333 patients were evaluated in the selected studies. Overall, 75 and 191 cases were male and female, respectively. Sex ratio was not specified in two studies, evaluating a total of 67 patients. The obtained results showed that BNP level may decrease after a successful PTMC. Furthermore, post-operative plasma levels of BNP and N-terminal proBNP could be considered as predictors of the success rate of PTMC. Based on the results reported in the evaluated articles, there may be an association between post-operative plasma levels of BNP family and the success rate of PTMC.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise on brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in women with cardiovascular diseases. In this semi experimental study, thirty female patients with at least one coronary artery stenosis (more than70%) were chosen and divided into two groups of aerobic training (n=15) and control (n=15). Blood samples were obtained at the beginning and end of the study to measure brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. The aerobic group cycled on a stationary ergometer for three sessions per week (period of eight weeks). The control group did not receive any exercise. Each exercise session included a10-minute warm-up, a 15-minute or more aerobic training program and a 5-minute cool-down. In the warm-up and cool-down stages, running, walking and stretching activities were used. During the first week of training, subjects exercised for 15 minutes at 55-60% of their target heart rates. Each week, exercise duration extended by five minutes, while the intensity was unchanged. Results indicated that 8 weeks of aerobic training had a significant effect on decreasing the BNP and CRP levels in females with Cardiovascular Diseases (P=0.005 and P=0.017, respectively). Moreover, a significant Difference was seen between the control and experimental groups in mean BNP and CRP values (P=0.0001 and P=0.001 respectively), while no significant difference were seen between the pre and post tests in the Control group for BNP (P=0.21) and CRP (P= 0.28). There were significant reduction in BNP (p Aerobic exercise can attenuate BNP and CRP levels in females with cardiovascular diseases; hence it can be used as a part of treatment.

Recent research establishes the heart as an endocrine gland capable of lowering blood pressure effectively through the secretion of hormones such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of endurance and speed activity on atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and blood pressure levels in male athlete students in Yazd. The statistical population for the study was male students at Yazd University, from which 90 male athletes with an average age of 23.42 and at least three years of experience in sports were randomly assigned to one of three endurance, speed, or control groups. The endurance group ran 3200 meters for 12 minutes, while the speed group ran 100 meters four times with rest intervals and at a heart rate of one-third of the target heart rate. Ten minutes before and ten minutes after the activity, blood samples were taken to determine plasma ANP. One session of endurance and speed activity significantly increased plasma ANP compared to the pretest stage (p < 0.05); additionally, there was a significant difference in plasma ANP and systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the group with speed activity and the control group as well as the control group with endurance activity (p < 0.05). The results demonstrated that both endurance and speed activity performed during single session increased plasma ANP and decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure.