Musculoskeletal disorders are among the top 10 injuries accounting for absence from work. The Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ-E) is one of the many tools used to examine these disorders. The present study was conducted to translate and localize the NMQ-E and to evaluate the face validity and test-retest reliability of its Persian version. The present non-empirical methodological study used the International Quality Of Life Assessment (IQOLA) approach to translate the NMQ-E into Persian. The face validity of the Persian version was examined in a sample of 15 patients with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and its absolute and relative test-retest reliability were examined in a sample of 48 patients using the Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) and the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The Kappa coefficient was also used to measure the inter-rater agreement for nominal variables. The translation and localization of the NMQ-E was deemed easy and acceptable. All the items of the questionnaire had an acceptable face validity. The Intra-class Correlation Coefficient and the Standard Error of Measurement of the Persian version of the NMQ-E were deemed acceptable (SEM=0.56-1.76 and ICC>0.7) and the Kappa coefficient was calculated as 0.78-1.00. The Persian version of the Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire showed an acceptable validity and test-retest reliability for assessing musculoskeletal disorders in Iranian patients.

The inhibition behavior of 1-(1-Naphthalenylmethyl) quinolinium chloride (NMQ) on the corrosion of mild steel in 1.00 M hydrochloric acid has been investigated. Weight loss measurements, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance (EIS) techniques were used to study the corrosion inhibition process. The results revealed thatmaximum corrosion protection was 99% at 50 ppm of NMQ. Polarization measurements indicate that inhibitor has mainly cathodic inhibition effects and therefore control of hydrogen evolution is done. From EIS measurements it is found that charge transfer resistance values increased and double layer capacitance values decreased by increasing the inhibitor concentration. The adsorption of NMQ on the mild steel follows the Langmuirisotherm model, calculated value of adsorption free energy was (–43.6) kJ mol-1 and adsorption constant was 107.5.

Taxi drivers are at risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in the long-term because of machine vibration exposure, prolonged sitting, inappropriate postures, repetitive bending, and job rotation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the prevalence of MSDs and job satisfaction in agency drivers in Lorestan, Iran.
This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was performed on 100 agency drivers in Lorestan. Data were collected using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire (NMQ) and job satisfaction. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation, and ANCOVA in SPSS software.
Findings: The Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was no statistically significant correlation between the NMQ score and total job satisfaction score (P = 0.186, r = 0.136). Moreover, the results showed that NMQ score had a direct relationship with age (P Based on the results, the incidence of MSDs and job satisfaction were, respectively, high and moderate in drivers. Therefore, to reduce the incidence of MSDs, appropriate rest and exercise during duty and ergonomic chair design based on the use of anthropometric measurements are recommended.

Musculoskeletal disorders are a major part of occupational diseases in working environments. Prevention of the occurrence of these problems requires the use of ergonomic assessment techniques and intervention to improve working conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in workers in the blast furnace unit and the intervention to reduce the prevalence of these disorders. This study conducted on 24 people working in the furnace unit. Medical records of furnace workers were reviewed and Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaires (NMQ) was completed. Drilling operation and oxygenation task were assessed by using Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and workers were given the necessary training. Work stations of oxygenation for 24 workers were redesign and Drilling operation was mechanized. And employed workers with musculoskeletal disorders were changed. REBA and NMQ were used to reassess the intervention effects. According to medical records and results of NMQ about 37. 5 percent of workers had musculoskeletal disorders. REBA final score was 11 and 10 for the drilling and oxygenation tasks respectively. After redesigning the workstation، REBA final score was 5 for the oxygenation task and the drilling operation removed by mechanized. With the amendment procedures of musculoskeletal disorders was reduced 17. 5 percent. According to REBA Score، the risk of musculoskeletal disorders was reduced by implementing amendments to the furnace unit and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders also significantly reduced.

Construction workers have the second rank in injuries due to musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ergonomic status of construction jobs using the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Center to Protect Workers’ Rights (NIOSH-CPWR) checklist and Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ).
This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out on 106 construction workers in Ahvaz, Iran. The research instruments used in this study were the NMQ and NIOSH-CPWR checklist which includes 11 sections. The NMQ was completed for 106 construction workers. Data were analyzed in SPSS software.
Findings: Shoulder (3.61%), back (4.59%), and knee (7.54%) disorders had the highest prevalence among MSDs in the subjects. In addition, 5.74% of jobs had repetitive movements. Among the workers, 9.68% had to work on their knees more than an hour a day and 5.75% had to bend and twist their bodies during tasks. Most construction site surfaces were rough and tough for walking and working.
MSDs occur among construction workers shortly after they began their work. Thus, the use of tools and equipment designed according to ergonomic principles, managerial controls, instructions training, and compliance with the relevant standards by managers and systems monitoring construction activity and workers’ health are necessities in workplace health monitoring.

Carpet-weaving is one of the important and high risk occupations in Iran that has some ergonomic factors leading to musculoskeletal disorders. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and posture assessment by NMQ and QEC method respectively, in female carpet weavers in Sanandaj. In the present cross-sectional study, 250 female carpet hand-weavers were selected randomly and interviewed. To determine the prevalence of MSDs and assessment of work postures, we used Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and Quick Exposure Check (QEC) respectively. Using SPSS IBM 20 software, data were analyzed by chi-square and independent sample t-test. Prevalence of MSDs in the participants was 80.4 %. The most common complaints were related to low back and shoulders with respective prevalence rates of 52 and 49.6% and the least common complaints were related to elbows and feet with prevalence rates of 20 and 26%, respectively. There was significant relationships between QEC scores and musculoskeletal symptoms prevalence rates in shoulder/arm, wrist/hand and neck (p<0.05). Also, the relationship between the mean work background and daily work time in both groups (with MSDs and none) was significant (p<0.05). It seems that long duration of daily work and repetitive task and maladjustment of the seat height in proportion to weaved carpet height were effective factors leading to the high prevalence of MSDS among participants which was also confirmed by posture assessment results. Timely adjustment of the seat height through designing adjustable seats and following ergonomic principles in workshops might be useful strategies to reduce prevalence of MSDs.

The risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in female workers is high. Despite the increasing trend in women’s work force in recent decades, there is no comprehensive survey on WMSDs in Iranian female workers population.. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the period prevalence rate of WMSDs in different body regions of Iranian female workers and determine major contributing factors associated with WMSDs in this population..Patients and In this study, we used the raw data of our previous studies conducted in diverse Iranian workplace settings. Collectively, the data related to 2934 female employees from 15 Iranian workplace settings distributed throughout the country were analyzed. Data gathering tool consisted of 2 parts including: a) personal details and b) the General Nordic Questionnaire of Musculoskeletal symptoms (NMQ). Data were analyzed using statistical tests including Chi-square and multiple logistic regressions.. The results of NMQ showed that symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in lower back (51.8%), shoulders (51.5%) and wrists/hands (46.2%) were the most prevalent problem among the studied female workers. The results of multiple logistic regression showed a significant association between the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in different body regions with age, job tenure, daily working hours, type of activity (static and/or dynamic), working schedule (shift or day working) and marital status.. Lower back, shoulders, and wrists/hands complaints were highly prevalent among studied female workers. Age, job tenure, daily working hours, type of activity, working schedule (shift or day working) and marital status were found to be associated with WMSDs among Iranian female workers..

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of the upper limbs are the most common occupational diseases and injuries and one of the causes of disability in workers. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the prevalence of MSDs and the risk of these disorders using the loading postural upper body assessment (LUBA) method. This descriptive study was performed on 100 male workers of appliance manufacturing industry. The study population included 15 workers of the foam injection workshop, 17 of the molding workshop, 17 operators of Press, 17 of the packaging, 17 of the cutting unit, and 17 of rivets. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was completed by the participants for the wrist, elbow, shoulder, neck, and back and their working postures were recorded through photography and observation. Then, The analysis and evaluation of the desired posture was performed using the LUBA method. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software. NMQ results revealed that the highest rate of disorders was observed in the wrist (37%), neck (35%), and shoulder (30%), respectively. Moreover, ANOVA showed that age and work experience had significant correlation with prevalence of MSDs (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively). The results of the LUBA method showed that the highest level of risk was associated with the rivet unit (risk level 4) and the lowest level of risk with the foam injection unit (risk level 2). The results of this study showed that household appliances production workers, due to the nature of their occupations, are at risk of MSDs. Therefore, ergonomic interventions such as work station design based on ergonomic principles, the use of ergonomically designed tools, and training of workers about the work are necessary.

The objective of the present study was to comparatively analyze the clinical status of the lower limbs in healthy subjects and subjects with back pain. Forty three (43) male and female subjects with average age of 36.91± 3.97 were selected as the statistical sample of the study. This population was recognized intelligently by utilizing the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). Furthermore, the NMQ was used to designate 43 male and female subjects with average age of 37.88 ± 4.12 and similar anthropometric characteristics with the statistical population as the research control sample. In the next phase, tibial torsion and femoral torsion angles were measured using a goniometer. Foot typicality was designated using a foot arch index while intercondylar and intermalleolar distances were measured using a clinical caliper. The results depict that the size of the foot arch is steeper in people with back pains compared to those with flat foot arch (p<0.05). It also indicates that there is no significant correlation between the tibia, femur torsion, knee condition of the healthy subjects and subjects with back pain. Therefore, it is deduced that steep foot arch can be a key component in the generation of back pains.

Backgrand and aims   In recent years, computer application has been essential in nearly all kinds of job activities. Few jobs may be found in which computers are not applied. Studies have shown high rate of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among computer operators. Since computer is used widely in banks, bank operators are considered as main users of computers in the workplace  and accordingly are encountered to the health hazards of working with computers. This study was  conducted with the aim of determination of MSDs prevalence among bank computer operators.   Methods   In this cross-sectional study, 287 randomly selected computer operators from 59 banks  of Shiraz city participated. Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was used to study prevalence of MSDs.   Results   The results of NMQ revealed that the rates of MSDs prevalence in the past 12 months were 59.6% in shoulders, 58.2% in neck, 54.7% in upper back, 51.2% in lower back, 48.8% in wrists, 39.4% in knees, 31.7% in legs, 28.9% in elbows and 21.6% in thighs. Based on the results, the highest rates of MSDs prevalence were reported in shoulders, neck, upper back and lower back. Statistical analysis revealed significant association between job experience and prevalence  of MSDs in knees¡ thighs and legs (P<0.05). those was analysis also a significant association  between sex and prevalence of MSDs in shoulders, wrists and thighs (P<0.05).   Conclusion   MSDs, particularly upper limbs disorders and back problems, occurred in high rate  among bank computer operators. Regarding this, implementing interventional ergonomic  program in the bank workplace seems essential. Appropriate workstation design, increasing  operators' awareness of ergonomics principles in computer operation, job rotation and variation can be considered as parts of this interventional program.