The aim of this study was to describe the profile of the Perceived Physical Fitness Scale among Iranian students. For this purpose, 13278 people (5153 men and 8125 women) with a mean age of 21.51 ± 5.01 in 3 age groups (under 20 years, 20-29 and over 30 years) participated in this study and completed the Perceived Physical Fitness Scale. The results showed that the overall mean of Perceived Physical Fitness in the age group of <20 years was 32.82 ± 4.89, in 20-29 years was 32.92 ± 4.84, and in the age group over 30 years was 32.88 ± 5.14 . Regardless of age, the 25, 50, and 75 percentage points were 30, 33, and 36, respectively. Therefore, according to the present results, it is possible to identify people in the perception of physical fitness and, if necessary, take solutions for those people who have a low perception of physical fitness.

Studies in sport, exercise and physical activity have shown that self-perceived physical fitness is an important predictor of behavior and plays an important role in continuing or stopping physical activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived and actual physical fitness in military personnel.        A total of 77 military personnel were selected randomly and divided to four groups (group 1: 20‒30 years, group 2: 31‒40 years, group 3: 41‒50 years and group 4: 51‒60 years). Participants completed the questionnaire of study in 4 parts: personal information, self-perceived physical fitness scale, short form of Marsh Physical Self-Description Questionnaire and mental toughness questionnaire. Physical fitness tests were then performed according to the questionnaires. The mean age of military staff was 38 years, the average height was 175 cm, and the average weight was 78 kg. There was a significant correlation between perceived and actual physical fitness. But this correlation was significant only in group 2 (31‒40 years). There was also a significant correlation between perceived physical conditions, perceived muscular condition and perceived physical scale in comparison with actual conditions. The correlation coefficient between perceived muscular condition and actual condition was higher than the other subscales. There was no significant relationship between perceived flexibility and actual flexibility. Partial correlation also showed that the relationship between self-perceived physical fitness and actual physical fitness is affected by mental toughness, physical self-perceived and level of physical activity. There is a relationship between perceived and actual physical fitness, but this relationship is not equal in all subscales. Perceived physical fitness is affected by age, psychological characteristics and the level of physical activity. It is necessary to consider perceived physical fitness according to importance of self-perceived in life.

Researches in the field of physical education have shown that sports as a physical activity, both at the general level and at the championship level, has an important and impressive role in the perceived physical fitness of people. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between perceived physical fitness and motor competence of students.

For this purpose, 196 female undergraduate students from Yazd University in the age group of 19-22 years participated in this research and completed the perceived physical fitness questionnaire. Then physical fitness tests were performed on the participants. Data analysis was done using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate regression with spss software version 23 and at a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed that there is no significant correlation between the perceived physical fitness and motor competence of students, and the perceived physical fitness cann,t predict any of the components of motor competence.

Due to the low coefficient of determination, perceived physical fitness does not explain students' motor competence and does not have the ability to predict it. Therefore, perceived physical fitness is not an effective factor for improving physical condition and motor skills.

Body image is an important factor in women’s lives..
The purpose of the current study was to explore the association among body image, perceived physical fitness and its subscales, physical activity, body mass index and age in women..
Patients and This cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 82 women from University of Tabriz staff and masters. Participants were selected through convenience sampling. Individual characteristics, physical activity rate, body image and perceived physical fitness questionnaires were completed. Data were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression..
The results of the study indicated a significant linear association of body image with body mass index (r = 0.769, P = 0.0001), body composition (r = 0.587, P = 0.0001), and aerobic endurance (r = - 0.229, P = 0.038). In addition, there was no significant linear relationship between physical activity and other variables, except for flexibility (r = 0.258, P = 0.019) and age (r = 0.418, P = 0.0001). Regression analysis showed that physical self-perception, aerobic endurance, body composition, muscular strength, flexibility, and body mass index could predict 64% of the variance of body image..
Physical self-perception and its factors along with body mass index are important to build up body image. Some interpretations and limitations about physical activity motives and measurements were also cited..

local indigenous games have been formed in the socio-cultural context of Iran since the past, but their impact on various aspects of human development has not yet been determined. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of Local Indigenous games on Physical Fitness Factors (PFFs) and the perceived fitness of 7–11-year-old boys.
Thirty elementary school boys (Age: 10.2± 0.2) in Aran and Bidgol, Iran, were selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group played Local Indigenous games for eight weeks, with three training sessions per week and 45 minutes per session. The control group only performed their routine daily activities. Data collection tools included Abadi's perceived physical fitness scale (1988), 10x5 meter running test to measure agility (Paschaleri et al., 2016), long jump test to measure explosive power (Paschaleri et al., 2016), sitting test and reaching to measure flexibility (Paschaleri et al., 2016) and 20-meter running test (Agha Alinejad et al., 2013) to measure speed. Covariance analysis was used to analyze the data.
The results indicated that eight weeks of Local Indigenous games significantly affect boys' PFFs, including agility, speed, flexibility, and explosive power (p <0.05). Moreover, Local Indigenous games had a significant effect on perceived fitness (p <0.05).
According to the results, a course of Local Indigenous games effectively improves PFFs and the perceived fitness of boys aged 7-11 years and could be used as a suitable intervention.

Background & Purpose:

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived physical fitness and perceived body image in active and non-active women.

Two active and non-active groups (age range between 20 till 30 years) were selected randomly. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the perceived physical fitness Scale Abadei (muscle endurance, power, and flexibility) and the Silhouette figure rating.

The results of the Spearman correlation test showed that the body composition and BMI had significant relation with perceived body image. But there was no significant relation between perceived body image and perceived physical fitness in active and non-active women, and so the perceived body image had no significant relation with the perception of this three physiologic components (muscle endurance, power, and flexibility).

This results displayed that the perceived body image cannot predict the perception of this three physiologic components. Therefore, the perceived body image isn’t an affective variable to increase the motivation to improve the muscle endurance, power, and flexibility.

Obesity and overweight are not only known as the main cause of non-transmissible diseases such as blood pressure, blood lipids, diabetes, and myocardial infarction, but also have an impact on other aspects of human life. Thus, the purpose of this study is to compare the components Physical fitness, perceived physical fitness, and fundamental motor skills in obese and non-obese children. The research method was causal-comparative. To this purpose, 160 primary school students in Karaj in 2012 were selected by convenient sampling and assigned to the body mass index in two obese and non-obese groups. To collect data, the perceived physical fitness questionnaire (Abadie, 1988), test of gross motor development-2 (Ulrich, 2000), and test of physical fitness components were used. Data were analyzed using two way and multivariate variance analysis. Two-way variance analysis of data showed that there is a significant difference between the components of physical fitness and fundamental motor skills between girls and boys (p< 0.05). In these variables, boys had better performance than than non-obese girls and children. Also, multivariate analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between the agility, speed, flexibility and power subscale in obese and non-obese groups (p< 0.05). According to the results of this study, obesity causes decrease in physical fitness and level of motor skills in children.

The purpose of this study was to predict aggression in male body builders emphasizing on narcissism and body perception. This research is a descriptive – correlation that the participants were all Tabriz male bodybuilders who had regularly attending at least one sustained year and at least two days a week to the gym. Subjects of this research were 161 athletes with an average age of 24. 96±6. 528 which participated in the form of voluntary and available. The Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI)، Perceived Physical Fitness Scale (PPFS) and Ahvaz Aggression Inventory (AAI) were used to collect data. Regression analysis was used to analysis data. Results of hypothesis analysis showed that the body composition، muscular conditions and be right indicated 23% of the total variation of anger in male body builders. Also the physical condition، flexibility، muscular strength، and superior are predicting 33% of the variation in terms of offensive and insulting in male body builders. Finally، physical conditions، Egoism and dominance are predicting total of 31% of the variance in their obstinacy and malice in male body builders. Finally، narcissism and body perception can be a particularly important factor in the occurrence of aggression in society.

As a pandemic, Covid-19 has had extensive effects on the physical and mental health of society and athletes. This study aimed to compare the physical and mental health profiles of elite female swimmers from the pre to post-COVID-19 Confinement period in elite female swimmers in Mashhad.

Twenty-seven swimmers were assessed pre to post-COVID (between 2 years). Perceived physical fitness (body condition, flexibility, muscle condition and body composition), physical fitness level, and psychological profile of swimmers were measured. The paired t-test was utilized to determine if differences existed before and after the COVID-19 lockdown.

Participants showed increased depression (p= 0.001), anxiety (p= 0.024), stress (p= 0.001), Loneliness (p= 0.001), and BMI (p= 0.001) and significant decreases in IPAQ-SF (p= 0.023), and Subscales and total score of perceived physical fitness (p= 0.001) after 2 years at the end of the quarantine period.

The results of the present study showed that the decrease in physical activity level during the Covid-19 epidemic could have negative effects on the psychological profile and BMI in professional athletes. Therefore, the specific planning should be considered by the coaches and sports planners of the professional and national teams to safely maintain the level of physical activity.

Fitness is one of the most important factor in military health and a positive attitude towards fitness it could have major effects on job performance. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and its perceived estimation in military forces.
In this descriptive study, 60 people (30 men and 30 women) were randomly selected from ground forces based on the Odinsky table to complete the questionnaire of perceived estimation of physical fitness designed by Delignieres et al. The measured variables included physical characteristics such as age, weight, height, body mass index, percentage of body fat and physical fitness factors: cardiorespiratory endurance (shuttle run), strength (hand grip) and the whole body strength (dynamometer), flexibility (Sit and reach) and body composition (three sites measurement of skinfold thickness). Pearson correlation coefficient and independent t test were used to determine the relationship between the perceived estimation of health-related fitness with its actual levels, and to compare health-related fitness between male and female military forces, respectively.
The findings showed a significant inverse correlations between the perceived estimation and the actual level of fitness factors in army women (P˂0.05) (except in strength). There were no significant direct relationship in factors for men (except in cardiorespiratory endurance and flexibility). In other words, neither men nor women had sound estimation regarding their fitness status.
Due to inaccurate estimation of physical fitness factors in the studied military forces, it may be necessary to participate in physical activities to promote physical fitness and homogeneous perceived appraisal of true physical fitness.