There is clearly a need to improve the use of more robust policy theory on health policy analysis. Powell and Mannion in an editorial on the relationship between health policy analysis and the wider field of public policy theory note, as others have done before, the limited application of policy theory in health policy analysis. However, they also highlight that within the health policy analysis arena new models have emerged which have wider use within policy analysis such as the health policy triangle. While Powell and Mannion suggest that health policy analysis can take one of two paths I argue that we should be developing more integrated frameworks of health policy processes, governance and systems which would involve the use of robust public policy theories and models.

Although public policy analysis is essential for public policy systems, the lack of public policy analysis is one of the most important problems of public policy making system in Iran. Thus, this research implemented to achieve a model for analyzing public policies, using multiple grounded theory method, to create theories and models compatible with the country`s conditions. For this purpose, public policy analysis model designed in Iran, based on deep interviews with 40 public policy makers. This model contains 3 main dimensions: “Formulation analysis”, “Implementation analysis” and “Evaluation analysis” that each of them shows the components and elements of public policy analysis.

This article aims to introduce the approach of Argumentative policy analysis &its application process. Public policy analysis has various approaches, that each of them has specific objectives &focus on specific variables in policy analysis. Argumentative policy analysis focuses on policy Argument &its characteristics in order to provide different aspects of confrontation between the parties of an argument. Policymakers make a variety of arguments for a variety of purposes, including justifying their policies or to persuade audiences &gain public support. In this paper, the components of Argumentative policy analysis based on Toulmin model including clime, data, warrant, Backing, Qualifier, Rebuttal are described, &In the following, the functions &examples of application of argumentative analysis in policy analysis are presented, which can be a good manual for public policy researchers.

Achieving the policy goals is a main challenge for policymakers in every country. Given the importance of health policies، policy making processes become very important. Success in policymaking in health sector requires an accurate analysis of all policy options and influential factors on policy outcomes. Knowledge of various approaches and methods of policy analysis is an important step for a successful policy analysis. In this study، we explored the roles، approaches and methods of policy analysis، especially in the health sector. In this review study، we searched local and international databases of published research using related keywords. We also reviewed referensecs of the collected resources. Finally، we read 84 papers and books for this review. Policy analysis includes a broad area and involves studying the content of policy، policy adoption، formulation، implementation and policy outcomes. There are different frameworks، approaches and methods for policy analysis which can be used based on the disciplinary framework، goals and objectives of analysis. Using approaches and methods of policy analysis helps a better understanding of the elements of a policy. Policy analysis is useful to better understand the policy process and provide related policy evidence for problems and policy changes. We provide a summary of these approaches and frameworks in this paper. Applying appropriate frameworks، approaches or methods of policy analysis is important in better understanding of the policy and problems. Proper policy analysis can help policy researchers in understanding of health policy outcomes.

Educational policy is understood as complex, inherently political and infused with values and educational policy problems, like the social world, are social constructions. Language as playing a central role in creating and disseminating these constructions. In the conclusion, deep analysis and solution of policy problems requires as approach that takes the reality construction of educational policy into consideration. Critical educational policy analysis is among theoretical-methodological traditions that emphasizes the importance of examining policy within its historical, social, economic, cultural and political contexts. Critical educational policy analysis can uncover meaningful missing values. Critical educational policy analysis has its roots in the theoretical tradition which is predominately represented by Appel, Giroux, Ozga and Ball. Development in critical educational policy analysis both are a response to conditions in education and signal an important shift in the field. Yet limited attention has been invested in understanding the nature of this shift and, more importantly, in articulating what counts as critical educational policy analysis.

It has long been recognized that the role of futures studies in order to appropriate policies for unknown and uncertain futures is undeniable. But the weak link of this knowledge with policy-making is one of the biggest challenges that researchers face in the futures studies. Therefore, the current research seeks to provide a career approach in order to apply futures studies in the contextual environment. Since policy analysis is an important step in the policy-making process and on the other hand, based on reliable sources, not using futures studies in the policy-making process is due to the weak link between policy analysis and futures studies, so in this research, improving the link between futures studies and policy analysis is considered. In order to achieve this goal, using library studies, ten factors improving the link of futures studies and policy analysis were identified, and then, using the opinion of the focus group, eight main factors were confirmed and their alternatives were extracted. In the following, using the scenario planning method and scenario wizard software, four consistent scenarios based on uncertainties: "type of view and judgment towards the future", "type of policy analysis", "conditions of the policy environment towards the future", "actors' approach towards the future" , "understanding the system in the face of future issues", "institutional conditions of openness to alternatives", "time focus" and "uncertainty level", with the names "Futurology", "Forecasting", "Foresight" and "Futures research" and Seven intermediate scenarios close to the real space were obtained with the titles of "Interpretive Futurology", "Time series Forecasting", "Cause & Effect Forecasting", "Judgmental Forecasting", "Model-Based Foresight", "Dynamic Foresight" and "Open Foresight". These scenarios enable policy makers to conduct more accurate policy analysis and policy analysis in different decision-making coordinates, and to improve their strategies regarding future threats and opportunities.

Comparative advantage strategy is based on an economic principle. The product comparative advantage is a criterion for estimating the social profitably of production activities. Regard to gravity maize production and its price fluctuate, the efficacy will be studied to explain if maize production Social profitably, the government politic affections and exchange rate fluctuate on of maize production by policy analysis matrix from 2002-2003 to 2007-2008 in Iran agriculture according to the data extracted FAO site and documentations study. The policy analysis matrix exhibit represents that the comparative advantage is decreased.

States use criminal policymaking to solve various public issues. Criminal policymaking without problem identification will end up in failure. If a solution is designed before conducting problem analysis, considerable waste of financial and human resources can incur for solving a nonsignificant problem or a non-problem. Regardless of the criminal policy system model, by using some criteria we can analyze the criminal policy-making system’s condition in terms of problem-oriented consideration to understand the system’s weaknesses for policy change. Problem-oriented criminal policymaking requires a commitment to substantive and procedural essentials. In this article, through a descriptive-prescriptive approach and based on library resources a general framework for a criminal policy-making system is proposed. Substantively, the type of evidence used in the policy process based on the “hierarchy of evidence”, and procedurally, the separation between policy analysis and drafting stages in the policy cycle are considered essential for a problem-oriented criminal policymaking, used here to present a framework for criminal policy analysis from a problem-oriented perspective.

Analysis of Public policy is a new trend of public administration in prestigious universities that studies the role of analysts in formulating and implementing public policy and providing different styles of analysis. Policy analysis is a way to formulate and identify problems in order to search for possible solutions. For this purpose, the book “Analysis of Public Policy: Concepts, Approaches, Models, and Processes”, Tehran: University of Tehran Press. 2018. 272 ​​p. ISBN 6-7092-03-964-978 has been selected and criticized. This research is of content analysis type and is applied in terms of critical implementation. In this regard, first, the creator and descriptive form and content of the work are introduced and then evaluated and analyzed in three dimensions of appearance, structure and content. The evaluation shows that this book, while having its own advantages and strengths, needs to be reviewed and corrected in the above three dimensions, especially the production of appropriate content with general policy analysis.

Policymakers should make policies for vague and uncertain futures. Considering that futurist have an important role in the policy-making process, but future- oriented research is not considered a part of policy-making. The purpose of this article is to identify the factors that improve the futures field and policy-making relationship. The identification of these factors has been done with the method of library studies and focus groups. eight factors improving the communication between the two fields of future studies and policy-making were identified, of which eight factors specifically improve the relationship between policy analysis and futures studies, which have the weak relationship; These factors include: the level of uncertainty, the type of subjective judgment towards the future, the type of policy analysis, the conditions of the policy environment towards the future, the approach of the agents towards the future, the understanding of the system in facing futures issues, the institutional conditions of openness to alternatives and time horizonis about the future. After that, the alternatives of each of these factors have been extracted to expand the vision towards the future, which can be the basis of different scenarios of supportive decision-making models in future research. rs.