Recently, many studies have been conducted in the open innovation context at the enterprise level to maximize the benefits and to control the challenges. Open innovation portfolio management studies are needed to bring integration between project and firm level. However, there is a few researches at project and portfolio level. This paper used previous theoretical foundations and a multiple case study method at ten ICT companies, utilizing a qualitative content analysis approach to analyze 23 semi-structured interviews and to derive a qualitative conceptual framework for open innovation portfolio management. The research findings are presented in five main categories including: strategic management in open innovation portfolio management; culture management in open innovation portfolio management; process management in open innovation portfolio management; stakeholder management in open innovation portfolio management and technology management in open innovation portfolio management. In this study, the area of technology management as a finding that has not been addressed in the literature and also the concept of charismatic management in the area of cultural management, the concepts of knowledge management, integrated market management and processes of the R&D unit for the area of process management can be categorized as less mentioned concepts in the literature.

What is introduced in Iran as a portfolio management company is known in other countries with different titles such as asset management companies, portfolio management, capital management and wealth management, which is equivalent to asset management from other terms, with the content of portfolio management that is popular in our capital market. The customers of portfolio management companies are divided into two categories: real customers and institutional customers. Real customers or ordinary people, which means households or rich people, but institutional customers also include insurance companies, pension funds, banks, etc. The tools used by portfolio managers in the world are mainly dedicated accounts, investment funds with variable capital, investment funds with fixed capital, money market funds, exchange-traded funds, combined ETF funds, private equity funds, and finally hedge funds. Dedicated accounts are similar to these brokerage contracts in Iran, during which the broker buys and sells with the customer's money in a code specific to the customer. Little information is available about this sector because the contracts are private and there can be significant differences between customers. Portfolio companies generally do not invest their own money, but invest for clients. Therefore, the main income of portfolio management companies is not from investment income, but from portfolio management fees. In fact, the portfolio manager is a legal entity that forms a stock portfolio and buys or sells or holds securities for the investor, taking into account the investor's goal and level of risk-taking in order to make a profit for him. The legal basis for its establishment and management is after paragraph (33) of Article One of the Securities Market Law, the "Establishment and Activity of the Portfolio Management" instruction and the sample contract of the portfolio management company with the investor, which enumerates the terms, conditions and regulations for issuing licenses and activities of this financial institution. From the birth of portfolio management in the country until today, this financial institution has faced challenges with various elements such as the stock exchange organization, investors, brokers, Central Securities Depository, banks, information processing companies and etc. The purpose of this article is to examine the mentioned challenges, which was compiled in a descriptive-analytical way, using library resources and obtaining the opinions of managers and market participants. One of the problems that exist in the way of the activity of indirect investors is the time-consuming and difficult process of indirect investment through portfolio management companies compared to direct investment in this market. The competitive environment created by the brokerages has caused certain privileges to be considered for direct investors and mainly people prefer direct investment in this market to indirect investment. The dominance of the brokerage institution as well as the bank and the conflict of interest that exists between the activities of brokerages and the indirect investment of people in the capital market are among the most important problems and obstacles to the development of indirect investment. Another problem that stands in the way of the development of direct investment in the capital market is the governance perspective. Although indirect investment in the capital market is always supported in the talks, in practice, the tools and regulations governing the capital market, including the range of volatility and volume, have been based on a kind of short-term and unprofessional view of the capital market. Portfolio management companies do not have the possibility to receive credit directly from the bank for leveraged funds, and to receive credit, they are forced to receive credit through brokers. Also, investment funds are considered the most important tools of portfolio management companies. However, after receiving the license of the portfolio management companies to establish a fund, a long and difficult process must be completed. Meanwhile, in the big capital markets of the world, some asset management companies manage more than 2,000 funds. In addition, portfolio management companies do not have the possibility to announce the minimum possible profit forecast for their portfolios and funds. All these problems have caused weakness, exploitation and short-termism in the method of indirect investment, especially portfolio management. Solutions to solve problems are: amending the guidelines and rules related to the minimum capital and manpower of portfolio management companies, changing the attitude of investors from short-term to long-term by granting long-term licenses to portfolio managers, tax exemptions for the variable commission of portfolio managers, solving infrastructure problems related to core transactions and software in order to speed up the buying and selling process and transparency of transactions for investors, the need to accelerate the issuance of necessary licenses for the establishment of funds by portfolio managers, revision of the guidelines for the establishment and activity of portfolio managers, and considering things such as the possibility of freezing the investor's code, drafting and approving a comprehensive law on the prevention and management of conflict of interest in order to reduce the field of corruption and conflict of interest in this financial institution.

Growing influence of the project as a way to organize things in many organizations require effective management of multiple projects.. Due to the complexity of IT projects in organizations due to resource constraints especially if you have multiple projects، the necessity and use of project portfolio management in achieving project objectives in recent years much attention has been. In this research، portfolio management of IT projects in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences IT Project Portfolio Management at University level، based on a three-step model Bert De Reyck (1 - Inventory Portfolio 2- Portfolio Optimization 3 - Managing portfolio) were investigated. ''s. the present study according to the aim is applied and according to the method of data collection is descriptive - survey Subset of Athletics -. Validity has been confirmed by a number of experts and professors and reliability using Alpha Cronbach coefficient was calculated to 82 Percent. Statistical Society، University ICT All employees that have been done in 1392 AP And to analyze the results of descriptive statistics - mean and standard deviation and… - Univariate t-test and a significance level of 0/05 to Spss 18 software is used. Descriptive analysis of the components of project portfolio management based on the three-organized model Bert De Reyck indicated that the first phase had a mean 2/45 ±0/81، the second stage has a mean of 2/02 ± 0/69 and The third phase has a mean of 1/87 ± 0/74 respectively. Effect of portfolio management on the effectiveness indicate that the average effectiveness of projects in each of their indices Optimal level and average has been over the 2/75. (p-Value<0/05) And therefore effectiveness is in Positive relation to portfolio management.. The mean level of problems in each of its projects under portfolio management indicated that average was more than 2/75. (p-Value<0/05) And therefore problems is in negative relation to portfolio management. University study showed that the level of IT project management is in the second stage of Bert De Reyck model. Also Under one Project Portfolio Management Can added On the effectiveness of projects And finally a review of the problems of portfolio management project portfolio management indicated that the level is lower than are added to the institutional project problems.

Portfolio management is an activity by investment legal entities in the field of investment called portfolio management, which under a contract under the rules and instructions approved by the stock exchange institution, on behalf of the investor and from the place of cash, securities and receivables, in return Receiving a commission commensurate with the return of the stock portfolio, by adopting an appropriate strategy and in terms of the investor's profit, monitors the maintenance or purchase and sale of the contents of the portfolio in the capital market. Despite the prominent role of portfolio management in the capital market and the wide range of its audience, there are obstacles in the legitimacy of portfolio management, which has necessitated their jurisprudential analysis in a descriptive-analytical manner and the study of library resources. . The results indicate that the two contracts of power of attorney and forgery are the closest contractual contracts under which portfolio management can be entered. Of course, according to some sources, this entry has some drawbacks. But even in this case, the correction of the neck basket will be possible with the option of the theory of non-exclusivity of contracts and the completeness of the evidence for the validity of non-contractual contracts. Also, accepting the legitimacy owed by the portfolio manager is absolutely not smooth. At the same time, there are doubts about the single acceptance of risk and risk-taking as a legitimate source of profit. Also, the loss of customers due to gaps in some of the regulations governing portfolio management, the legitimacy of portfolio management is challenged.

The construction industry has an enormous impact on the environment, and the processes involved in construction projects are one of the most important factors affecting the environment. The present study examines key indicators in the effectiveness of project portfolio management as a strategy to reduce environmental hazards in construction industry projects. Project portfolio management (PPM) is used in many organizations as an approach to coordinate a portfolio of projects or programs to achieve specific organization goals. A common goal of PPM is to ensure that an organization is doing the right thing, rather than just doing things right. The effectiveness of project portfolio management in organizations has an important role that if it would neglect can lead to widespread environmental hazards. Several factors are effective in the effectiveness of project portfolio management. This research focuses on identifying the most important of these factors. The research approach is qualitative-quantitative (mixed) and uses a descriptive research approach. The statistical population used is construction companies that use the concept of project portfolio management in their organization and the data were collected through interviews and questionnaires. Experts identified the key indicators of project portfolio management success and effectiveness in seven groups and then, using a questionnaire and quantitative analysis, identified three groups of strategic, operational and organizational structure among the most important indicators. Based on the findings, organizations can improve their context in order to make more effective use of project portfolio management, with the aim of reducing biological hazards during the implementation of construction projects.

Urban programs and projects are the latest chain in urban development plans. Integrated and systematic management of urban programs and projects sets, while improving the efficiency of urban resources also results in the effectiveness and efficiency of urban development plans. Studying on policy, planning, implementation and monitoring urban programs and projects and presenting an appropriate pattern is the requirements of urban management. Project portfolio management is a new approach based on the knowledge of project management that emphasizes for the better efficiency of programs and projects in project-based organizations. The main components of project portfolio management include a process framework, decision criteria, methods and models of choosing the project portfolio that deciding on definition of project portfolio management framework (process model) and categorizing effective indexes and sub-indexes in selecting portfolios are its main and influential stages. This study in terms of objective, is an applied research, and in terms of data collection is a descriptive - scrolling one. According to the article findings a framework (process model) for integrated management of urban projects is consisted of a three –section: Strategic recognition, Urban project portfolio management and Essential and complementary infrastructure for project portfolio management. In order to select urban projects portfolio, decision criteria separately were recognized and classified into eight groups which include technical, financial, social, economic, environmental, risk, organizational and competitiveness.

Index tracking is a passive investment which its aim is to form portfolio with limited number of stocks to catch same behavior in regard with the market index. The active portfolio management seeks to beat the market while passive portfolio management is looking for the similar risk-return pattern with market index. The passive portfolio management strictly has absorbed attention of investors because of its lower costs. In this research, cointegration and correlation approach are used for index tracking and enhanced indexing. Our benchmark index is Tehran Exchange Dividend & Price Index (TEDPIX). Out of sample results show that increase of in-sample time period will improve performance of models. Also, mentioning tracking error, cointegration approach has better performance than correlation approach. In the other hand, considering portfolio returns and information and sharp ratios, performance of model for index tracking is better than enhanced indexing.

Investor’s decision making is a subject of considerable debates in behavioral finance. Behavioral finance refers to how people make decisions under uncertainty conditions. This paper is devoted to The impact of investor’s Perception of Risk on Portfolio Management. It is an applied study of descriptive-surveying type used to gather the required data through questionnaires. A simple sampling was used and the final sample included 104 investors. Investors were questioned about 24 possibly influencing factors of investor’s reception of risk and 21 influencing factors Portfolio Management in the form of a Likert Scale. The data from questionnaires with SPSS and Smart PLS software using structural equation modeling (path analysis) were analyzed. Results of the study indicated that risk perceived risk factors directly and affecting the perceived risk indirectly is effective on the portfolio management.

In the current fractional reserve banking system, the two functions of portfolio management and payment services are incorporated simultaneously. The portfolio management refers to the bank''s function in absorbing and allocating funds. The function of payment services also refers to the use of bank debt in settlement of transactions, which is required for the existence of money-creation power by banks. The current banking system has created problems such as instability, banking crises, discrimination in income distribution, undermining democracy and sustainable development, and so on. The problem of this research is to identify the optimal alternative model from the perspective of Islamic economy. The method of answering is through review, description and analysis of the material and drawing conclusions in that field. The results of this study show that in Islamic banking, the two functions of portfolio management and payment services have to be separated.  Lastly, the advantages of this proposed system, in addition to solving the problems of the current fractional reserve system, are the cases of greater compatibility of this banking system with the macro goals of the Islamic economic system and the nature of Islamic banking, and removing the suspicion of usury.

This paper intends to present an integrated method to fulfill active portfolio management approach that is based on predicted prices of each six- chosen stock in a four-year time period. First of all Markowitz model is implemented to achieve weight of each stock in each year of four year period. Then, twenty two technical indicators as the features of each stock were are regarded as the input data of genetic algorithm (GA) known as a feature selection technique. Two well-performed forecasting methods called k-nearest neighborhood (kNN) and artificial neural network (ANN) are integrated with GA to extract predicted prices of each stock in defined time period. According to predicted price resulted by GA-NN and GA-kNN, a trading strategy is proposed that has an input signal (-1 , 0, 1) which imply to buy, sell and do nothing respectively. Returns of created portfolios were compared with the return of buy and hold strategy as the representative of passive portfolio management approach. The portfolio resulted by GA-NN outperformed two other portfolios for our given data. This conclusion emphasizes on superiority of employing active portfolio management to passive portfolio management in terms of tackling fund management issue for our given data.