The Plio- Quaternary volcanoes are located in the NE-Qorveh (Kurdistan) in the Qorveh-Takab volcanic belt, in the Hamedan-Tabriz Zone (HTZ). The volcanic rocks consist of basalt to olivine-basalt. The electron microprobe (EMP) analyses of pyroxenes show occurrence of one type of clinopyroxene, as diopside (Fs 2.65-6.42 En 40.44-50.47 Wo45.97-53.14) with Mg # = 84-98. The compositions of the pyroxenes suggest that rocks belong to alkaline-subalkaline magmatic series.  Considering different methods of geothermometry of clinopyroxene, the temperature of  crystallization stage for pyroxene was 800-1300°C. Distribution of Al in octahedral and tetrahedral sites of pyroxenes displays that this mineral is crystallized from a magma with ˂ 10% water contents, in low-medium pressure which is in accordance with their formation the depth of 18-30 km. Fe+3 content of clinopyroxenes  implies crystallization in high oxygen fugacity condition.

Introduction & Trichomoniasis is one of the most common non viral sexually transmitted diseases caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of the infection and to consider the metronidazole susceptibility of the T. vaginalis isolates.
This cross sectional study was conducted on 670 women attending to gynecology clinics in Qorveh, Kurdistan province, in 2015. Diagnosis of trichomoniasis was performed by using Dorset culture medium and wet mount methods. In vitro drug susceptibility testing was done aerobically after establishment of the isolates in axenic culture medium, Diamond.
From 670 vaginal samples, eight (1.2%) and four (0.6%) of them were positive for T. vaginalis by wet mount and cultured methods, respectively. Fifty percent of the infected individuals aged from 35 to 44 years old and who were illiterate (P Although, the prevalence of trichomoniasis is relatively low in the studied population but due to the importance of sexually transmitted diseases in public health, strategic measurements are necessary to prevent and control of the infections.

The study area is located in the south of Qorveh (Kurdistan Province), strcuctually in the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone. Based on field observations, the study dykes are type of sin-plotonic dykes and based on petrographical studies mafic and dioritic dykes are included gabbro, gabbro-diorite, diorite, monzodiorite and quartz-monzodiorite rocks. Their main minerals are clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, hornblende, plagioclase, K-feldspar and quartz. Apatite, esphene, zircon and opaque minerals are their accessory minerals. The discrimination diagrams reveal all of the dykes belong to volcanic arc related to an active continental margin setting. It is implied by enrichment of LILE (such as Cs, Rb, U&Pb), depletion of HFSE (Nb, Ba) and high LILE/HFSE in the spider diagrams. The enrichment of LILE and Pb show the crustal contamination. Concentration La/Nb and La/Ta rations as well as the enrichment of LREE and LILE reveal that dykes were derived from enriched lithospheric mantle. I addition, enrichment of LREE elements relative to HREE represent that there are garnet phase or amphibole in source.

The Garmkhani-Meyham region is located in SE-Qorveh city, in the northwestern part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone. This area includes a variety of regional and contact metamorphic rocks. Microprobe data of mineral chemistry show that amphiboles, magnesium-hornblende type; plagioclases, andesine to albite type; biotite crystals, siderophyllite type; white mica, muscovite type and epidotes, clino-zoisite type are in composition.  Based on the mineral chemistry of amphibole, the magmatic series of its constituent magma is the subalkaline and its tectonic environment is supra-subduction. Geothermometric estimates on the amphibole and plagioclase minerals in amphibole- schists, a temperature ranges from 464 to 570 °C and pressure between 3 to 5.6 kbar illustrate passing from greenschist facies to amphibolite facies.

The studied shear zone is located in E-Qorveh (Kurdistan). The rocks of this zone are granite and granodiorite in composition. In present paper, deformed rocks, protomylonites and mylonites, are investigated in Sangin-Abad, Koh-e-Gazgaz and Poloserkan areas. Petrographic studies show that evidence of tectonic activities are such as myrmekite, recrystallized and slide alkali feldspars, fractured plagioclases, dynamic quartzes, perthitic orthoclase, feldspar crystals with enriched rim from alkalis (mantled texture) with Or 91.19 - 91.54. Comparing geochemical data of whole-rocks and primary rock (protolith) reveal that there are varieties in abundances of main elements such as increasing of CaO، MnO، TiO2 & P2O5 in protomylointes and mylonites. Also, quartz-rich veins and plagioclases altered have observed in the zone. These examples are interpreted to present activities of hydrothermal fluids and open system. The Feldspars are sodic-potsic and sodic in composition in Sangin-Abad & Koh-e-Gazgaz, and Poloserkan. Overall, relationship field, microstructural, textural, geochemical and mineral chemistry characteristics confirm role of the shear zone for formation of these features.  Many of researchers have approved relationship between forming of microstructures with stress/ strain and hydrothermal fluids. The studied biotite crystals with content of (∑FeO + MnO ≈ 13.4-42.21) are neoform. They may be occurred by post-magmatic fluids of the Qorveh granitoid batholith. Formation temperature of biotites is ~550 to ~750 ºC which corresponds to this deformation temperature.

Gabbrodioritic pluton is located in S-Qorveh in nourthern parts of the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone. Petrographically, amphibole and plagioclase are main minerals in these rocks. Amphiboles are calcic-type, and their composition varied between ferro-hornblende to magnesio-hornblende. Anortite contents in plagioclases are between 81 to 39 (%) and these crystal are labradore -oligoclase in composition. According to coexist hornblende-plagioclase and Al in amphibole geothermometry methods, temperatures of crystallization are yielded ~723°C. In the later method, data indicates that the investigated rocks were emplaced at average pressure of 3.5 Kbar corresponding to a depth of ~12 Km. Oxygen fugacity was high in magma. Na2O content in amphibole and their calc-alkaline nature show gabbroic diorites are related to subduction setting. Mg#, Al2O3 and TiO2 contents in hornblende indicate mixing of crustal and mantle sources to generate magma of the Darvazeh gabbrodioritic magma. Variations in the composition of plagioclase may be related to H2O content in environment and the role of chemical variation due to input of crustal materials.

Badr and Parishan protected area with elevation range of 1800- 3200m ASL and 12 kilometers south of the city in Kurdistan province is Qorveh. The lack of a comprehensive study of flora area, improper use of the habitat area, improper harvesting of medicinal plants and overgrazing of livestock without to consider preparation area of ​​vegetation, preparation area of ​​vegetation species identify threatened was redoubled. Study of flora area showed that 25 families and 104 species in this region. In this study, medicinal, aromatic, grassland and rare species were studied. The most genus were Asteraceae and Poaceae with 18 and 15, respectively and berberidaceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae had the lowest number in the region with one genus, biological classification Raunchier system showed that most species are hemicryptophytes (67%) and therophytes (13%), and 8 endangered species were identified in the study. The country's rich natural areas from one side and threating of ecosystems the other hand must be attended. A series of simple and complete solutions, but effective, based on international experience, with a focus on education and public participation must be adopted that it can be obtain vital for preserving and restoring from these valuable resources.

Introduction: Wheat is one of the key cereals that provides a nutrition source to millions of people around the world. By conducting applied studies, the limitations of soil and climate that reduce the yield per unit area must be understood and solutions should be provided to address these limitations. One of these strategies is a detailed study and spatial prediction of yield at points with different soil and climate characteristics. Models that predict crop yield can estimate the yield regarding climate, landscape, soil and management constraints. Considering the arid and semi-arid climate of Iran, the shortage of yield per unit area and the growing population, the country needs new research and strategies to increase yield per unit area. For this purpose, the first step is to examine the spatial variations of the yield. In the present study, the factors affecting the rainfed wheat yield in order of importance and efficiency of different methods of estimating spatial variations were investigated and the predicted yield of this crop was mapped digitally. Materials and Methods: The study area, with an area of 6700 hectares is located in Badr watershed, around Ghorveh city, Kurdistan province, west of Iran. The mean annual air temperature is 12.1oC and the average annual precipitation is 345.8 mm. The soils of the area were classified in the orders of Entisols, Inceptisols and Mollisols and in 32 soil families, according to the last version of Keys to Soil Taxonomy. Based on hypercube technique, 125 observation points were selected, soil profiles were dug and described at these points and soil samples were collected from horizons of the profiles. Some physical and chemical characteristics of the soils were determined according to the standard laboratory methods. Rainfed wheat yield was measured at each side of one soil profile in a 1m×1m quadrangle. In the present study, in addition to geomorphological data, different types of auxiliary variables such as some of the primary and secondary derivatives of digital elevation model (DEM) and Landsat satellite image data were used. To find out the affecting auxiliary topographic and plantcover data on rainfed wheat yield prediction in order of importance,ReliefAttributeEval algorithm of WEKA software was used. Artificial neural network, decision tree Analysis, discriminant analysis, and averaging k-nearest neighbors are the models that were used in this research for prediction of rainfed wheat yield. Results and Discussion: Calcium carbonate, organic carbon and coarse fragments, respectively with variability coefficients of 174.4, 62.4 and 61.3%, had the highest variation and pH, CEC and sand, respectively with 3.6, 16.9 and 20.3% variability coefficients showed the least variability in the soils of the studied area. In addition to geomorphological data, the parameters that were taken from the digital elevation model include elevation, slope percentage, slope aspect, slope curvature, slope surface curvature, longitudinal curvature, slope relative position, wetness index, multiresolution valley bottom flatness index, multiresolution ridge top flatness index, valley depth, channel network base level, modified catchment area, catchment slope, catchment slope aspect and catchment height. The environmental parameters that were taken from the Landsat 8 satellite imagery, include the normalized differential vegetation and the soil-adjusted vegetation indices. The ReliefAttributeEval algorithm in Weka software, in order of decreasing importance, identified geomorphology, relative slope position, longitudinal curvature, multi-resolution ridge top flatness index, slope, normalized differential vegetation index and soil-adjusted vegetation index as the most important factors affecting rainfed wheat production in the studied area. The amount of rainfed wheat yield was predicted by the models of artificial neural network, decision tree analysis, discriminant analysis, and averaging k-nearest neighbors. The error criteria for this prediction and a significant correlation between measured and estimated values of the rainfed wheat yield, indicate a higher accuracy for the averaging k-nearest neighbors model, compared to other models. The spatial distribution of the rainfed wheat yield, predicted by the averaging k-nearest neighbors model, was mapped. In the Badr watershed, the yields are continuously reduced towards the mountains. In this landscape, as the slope increases, depth and water storage capacity of the soil decrease mainly in the presence of Entisols. These soils are seen in the eastern, southern and western parts of the watershed. At lower elevations, the soils are deeper and are mainly Inceptisols. Rainfed wheat yield increases in the piedmont landscape, including hill, glacie and alluvial fan. Conclusion: In order of decreasing importance, geomorphology, relative slope position, longitudinal curvature, multi-resolution ridge top flatness index, slope, normalized differential vegetation index and soil-adjusted vegetation index are the most important factors affecting rainfed wheat production in the studied area. The averaging k-nearest neighbors model has a higher accuracy for rainfed wheat yield prediction, compared to other models. In the Badr watershed, the rainfed wheat yield is continuously reduced towards the mountains in the eastern, southern and western parts, where mainly Entisols are present. The yield increases in the Inceptisols, located on the piedmont landscape.

Some sites of rock art have been discovered in southeastern of Kurdistan and northeastern of Qorveh city on the foothill of young volcanic mountains (Siah and Gharineh) which some of its rock art manifestations contain important elements that in terms of work style and morphology are comparable to the petroglyphs of different regions of Iran and other areas of Kurdistan. Some of these carvings have been made in several different periods by overlapping on the boulders. Qorveh motifs include cupules in different styles, linear, single and group, human motifs in various combinations and modes, including various scenes such as hunting with a bow and arrow, horseman in a hunting mode, group dancing and other various modes and animal motifs comprising antelope, ram, ewe, deer, gazelle, boar, camel, snake, feliformia and also other animal-like and human-like which have been displayed in graphic and abstract forms as well as geometric shapes and symbols.

Qorveh area is located in SE-Kurdistan province, in NW- Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic-plutonic band. In SE-Qorveh, parts of granitic intrusive and dykes are emplaced in a shear zone after they formed. Based on differences rate of strain and progressing of mylonitization, Shear band of granite show varied treatment such as protomylointe and mylonite (50 Cm to up to 100 M). Often, mylonitic foliation in granitic mylonite has NW-SE strike toward NE plunging and also some of them show folding. Plunging of lineations is low-medium toward NE plunging. Shear sense indicators (e.g. foliation, lineation, C & S shear bands, mica fish and mantled prophyroclstes) in this shear zone show revers slip with right lateral component movement. Microstructural evidence are such as smokey extinction, sub grain, new grain, polycrystalline bands, SGR, BLG, GBM in quartz, shear fracturing, flame perthite, myrmekite, emplaced microcline, rounding and pressure shadow in plagioclase.  All of these evidence show structural changes occurred in up to 300 to 570 C.