Considering the increasing trend of premarital sexual activity among girls in recent years, the current study is to understand in-depth girls’ experiences of premarital sexual relationships with the opposite sex and related consequences. This study utilized qualitative and phenomenological research methodology. Due to the qualitative nature of the study, a targeted sampling method (snowball sampling) was used. This study took into account the theoretical saturation criterion and conducted interviews with 30 girls aged 18 – 31 years residing within the city of Tehran. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for data collection, and data were analyzed using either textual or thematic methods. The results were ultimately categorized into 4 primary levels: problems and challenges within the relationship, problems and challenges outside the relationship, relationship as an opportunity for growth, and self-restraint. Based on the results of current study we can concluded that relationship with opposite sex can both have positive consequences included increased awareness towards oneself and towards others, and negative consequences included pessimism towards the opposite sex, fear of establishing relationships, development of physical problems, among others.

The quality of interactions between family members is the most important agent affecting themental health of them، and it form the wide range of research by systemic psychologists and family therapist. The Purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family cohesion and parental discipline with identity crisis and passionate love to opposite sex in their adolescent boys. The research methodis descriptive – correlationand we used multi analysis of regression to predicting identity crisis and passionate love in adolescents. The research community was the all high school students in Harsin city which 263 students chosen by usingmulti-stage cluster sampling. Instruments in this study werethe passionate love in intimate relationships scale، parental hard discipline scale، identity crisis questionnaire and the family cohesion scale. Suggested a significant relationship between all variables، and only the correlation between father and mother discipline was not significant، furthermore in byproduct of research we found significant negative correlation between family cohesion with father and mother hard discipline (p< 0/01(. Among the predictor variables، the best predictor variable for both the identity crisis and the passionate love was the family cohesion. Showed that if the families have less cohesiveness and more hard parental discipline the more emotional dependence or passionate loveto theopposite sex and identity crisis will shape for their adolescent boys. And as well as family cohesion decreases they have more hard parental discipline، in other words hard parental discipline is accompanied with less family cohesion.

Most of the studies and researches that have been done in recent decades in Iran on values insociology, show major and fundamental changes in the value system of families. Therefore, the present study,based on Inglehart's theory of value changes, seeks the fundamental question of what is the change in familyvalues in its various dimensions among the marginalized in the Region 19 and Region 4 of Tehran? For thispurpose, 30 in-depth interviews were conducted with men and women over 18 years of age in the Marginalizedneighborhoods of the mentioned Regions, as well as in order to compare and contrast them with otherneighborhoods in the same Regions. The research approach was qualitative and the research method wasgrounded theory and the sampling method was purposeful and theoretical. The findings of the study showed theopposite of Inglehart's theory that the Marginalized neighborhoods, as well as other neighborhoods studied inthe context of urban society, were generally inclined to postmaterial family values. According to the prevailingapproaches of society, regarding how to orient family values, it can be said that among the studied samples, thedirection of family values is moving towards polarization. According to Inglehart, a society has a value balancethat has both material and postmaterial values.

The current research was a developmental study of the quality of adolescent relationships with the same and opposite sex friends. 182 boys and girls adolescents aged 13, 15 and 17 studying in the academic year of 2010-2011 were selected based on available sampling from Tehran and responded to the Network of Relationship Inventory (NRI; Furman & Buhrmster, 1985). Data analysed using MANOVA and ANOVA demonstrated that girls reported affection and disclosure as the most important quality in their friendship with same-sex ones and affection and companionship with opposite-sex ones. For boys the most important quality in their friendship with the same-sex was reported as companionship and nurturance and with opposite-sex affection and nurturance. In both groups of adolescents the quality of relationship with the same- sex was significantly affected by age and gender, while the effect of age on the quality of relationship with the opposite-sex was not significant. Furthermore adolescents without opposite-sex friends showed better relationship quality with their fathers than their peers with opposite-sex friends.

The friendship of college students with the opposite sex and its increasing growing at the level of the universities of the country, has now emerged as a transpersonal phenomenon and has found a family and societal dimensions. It seems that friendly relations with the opposite sex among boys and girls have different meanings, dimensions, effects and outcomes. Girls and boys have relationships with them with different motives - making choice for proper marriage, curiosity and other cognition, and temporary friendships that can be merely an emotional relationship or for meeting the sexual needs. Huge difference between social, religious and family norms with the values ​​and attitudes of the modern world and the everyday experiences of young people have resulted in contradiction among them. On the one hand, instinctive pressures and tensions tend to turn young people toward the opposite sex, and on the other hand, socio-cultural and moral considerations have acted as obstacles. This contradictory situation has always been a complicated issue for adolescents and young people, as well as families and authorities, and has created an uncertain status in terms of how to deal with this issue. Since the family is the first small community that a person experiences, his influence and support, up to the age of 15, and more during childhood, are direct and intense. In adolescents and young people who enter into environments such as high school and university, they take effects beyond what is officially considered for these educational institutions. One of these influences is the influence of peer and friends group. These groups have a normal or deviance effects on the thoughts and behaviors of adolescents and young people. Meanwhile, these groups of friends can, if they fail to comply with social norms, cause various mental, physical and social harms to the individual. Encouraging the relationships with the opposite sex is one of the influences of friendship groups in the educational environment. As it has been said, when the relationship with the opposite sex comes from the community level into the campus as the organization and the center of the new sciences and the essential elements of society, it is also seen that at the university, the relationship between the two sexes has become a fundamental issue; Because, on the one hand, the students are mostly young and, until the time of entering the university, have not experienced the mixing of the girl and the boy in an environment and did not have any education in relation to the opposite sex, and on the other hand, due to the age requirement for entering the university, they have the greatest desire to communicate with the opposite sex, and according to the limitations before entering the university, they believe they can freely meet their emotional and sexual needs in the university environment. In addition, we should not forget that such unconscious relationships, although possible in the short term with consequences, will have many negative consequences, especially for girls, in a variety of fields, which, if possible, can be compensated for with countless consequences. This article aims to investigate this phenomenon with emphasis on perceptions and motives, consequences, patterning and ... among boy and girl students of Kharazmi University. The approach of this research was qualitative and its methodology was phenomenology. The study population consisted of 2 groups of dormitory and non-dormitory students at Kharazmi University that semi-structured deep interview with 15 female students and 15 male students (30 students in total) according to saturation criteria to reach the sample size. Sampling method was purposeful sampling with snowballing strategy. To analyze the data, thematic analysis was used. The age range of the students was 19 to 31 years old. 8 persons of students were male and female undergraduate students (5 dormitories and 3 non-nursing) and 7 persons were graduate students (4 dormitories and 3 non- dormitory students). Students from different disciplines and at the same time both groups of male and female students were selected from different terms. In extracting and displaying the results, among male and female students, initial codes were extracted from the interview texts for a deeper understanding of them. In the next stage, sub-themes were extracted from the initials codes. In the final stage, the formation of the main theme, the general and abstract concept of the sub-themes, were taken into account and labeled. The result of these stages was 323 initial codes, 104 sub-themes and 16 main themes. Male and female students had different understandings and experiences of the relationship with the opposite sex, and, at the same time, entered into this relationship with different motivations. The motivation and, in other words, the rewards expected by many female students to form a relationship, was to meet the emotional and romantic needs, and on the contrary, this reward was in a part of male students in terms of meeting sexual needs and pleasure motivation. Various background factors such as family atmosphere, university space, dormitory, virtual space, and peer group have played a significant role in the experiences of male and female students in relation to the opposite sex. In addition to the differences in the motivations of friendship between the two sexes, girls and boys have a different understanding of friendship, as girls have romantic and lovely understanding from friendship with the opposite sex because of their emotional dimension, while the perception of male students of this relationship was based on the pleasure and sexuality. 6 Characteristics of friendship among male and female students were lack of stability, diversity and non-commitment in relationships for boys, and in contrast to immersion in love, lack of real self-representation, readiness for the lack of stability of relationships, and awareness of the absurdity of the relationship for girls, were the main features of the relationship with opposite sex among studied students. The results indicate that girls in general were more interested in emotional, marital and marriage, and economic relationships, and the male students were more sexual and pleasurable.

This study examines the differences in personality traits and hope among the students who have relationships and students who have no relationships with the opposite sex. The survey sample consists of, 316 students from the high schools in Robat Karim chosen by random cluster sampling. It is a quantitative- correlational research in which 13-item questionnaire on the relationship with the opposite sex, "Eysencks" 90 -item questionnaires on personality and Schneider's 12- item questionnaire on "hope" were used. Chi-square and t-tests were used for analyzing the data. The findings suggest that the proportion of the boys who establish relationship with the opposite sex is higher than that of the girls. Moreover, the relationship with the opposite sex is related to the increase in neurotic personality traits, schizophrenia, extroversion, and despair. Another finding is that the schizophrenia from which those who have experienced sexual relationship is more serious. Therefore, abstinence from sex heavily stressed in this research.

Low Frequency Noise (LFN) is ubiquitous in bothoccupational and general environments. Mental performance of subjects exposedto LFN is expected to be impaired. Individual characters seem to play asignificant role in this process. This study aimed to evaluate the effects ofmoderate levels of LFN (20–200 Hz) on mental performance. Fifty-three subjects(in two groups) were exposed to low and flat frequency character noise each atthe same sound pressure levels of 45 dBA. Personality traits of extro-intraversion andneuroticism were determined using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Thesubjects were asked to carry out two different mental tasks while being exposedto the noise. Subjective reports were collected using questionnaires.Concentration problems, fatigue and noise annoyance during the experiments weremeasured using a numeric ten-point self-rating scales. The results revealedthat LFN impaired mental performance. There was no significant effect of LFN onthe accuracy of mental processing, compared to the reference noise condition.Extrovert subjects performed significantly faster, compared to the introvertsand subjects that exposed to LFN performed slower than reference noise. Morestable personality, with extroversive tendencies is likely for betteradaptation to LFN during mental performance, compared to people with theopposite personality traits. Correlation analysis showed a highly significantnegative relation of extroversion and noise annoyance during mental processing.