The present study discusses the issue of resistance as a common, prevalent, and pivotal concept in the recent literature on political sociology and cultural studies.Using documentary method, library sources, and theoretical analysis, the paper tries to study the features and elements of resistance, its forms and practical aspects based on primarily available sources. Additionally, the relationship between resistance and power was studied in the light of Foucault’s ideas and his postmodernist interpretation of power.Finally, common elements of resistance were extracted from the prominent works referred to by contemporary theorists such as Bourdieu, Giddens, Fisk, de Certeau, Scott, Clay, Bayat, Kamrava, and other local experts and researchers. Findings show that although there are obvious differences in this regard, the following prevalent features can be considered as resistance features in recent theoretical approaches: identical occurrence of resistance-based action, conflict with the present conditions, interactive nature of resistance, occurrences in daily life, attendance of power and resistance, presence of creativity, importance of time in occurrence of resistance, and desirability of resistance-based action. Yet, resistance is still a complicated concept that is created socially by resistors, resistance addressees, and witnesses and is somewhat in relationship with universal, pervasive, and generative power.

In this article, a futuristic conceptual model of resistance based on the political thought of Martyr Soleimani was designed and explained so that the strategy of Islamic resistance in Martyr Soleimani's theory and practice is given serious attention in the second step of the Islamic revolution. Investigating what the concept of resistance is, its dimensions, the fields of resistance, the variables preventing resistance, the consequences and prospects of resistance, and presenting its conceptual model in the thought of Shahid Soleimani is one of the important axes of the futuristic conceptual model of resistance. The theoretical framework in research is foundational data theory. Based on this research, among the speeches left by Shahid Soleimani during the years 1990-1998, the conceptual model of resistance was examined. The hypothesis that this article deals with using the descriptive-analytical method is that "in explaining the conceptual model of resistance from the point of view of Martyr Soleimani in the second step of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the indicators of resistance bases, the role of governments and Reference groups, people-centered resistance are considered to be one of the most important variables underlying resistance, and the presence of great powers, cultural attack, and wrong models of resistance are among the variables that prevent resistance. The findings of the research indicate that in the axis of resistance, the indicators of "defeat of American conspiracies in Iraq, victory of the axis of resistance, jihad, resistance movements in the region, creation of a culture of resistance and increasing the capability of resistance" have emerged with the focus of Martyr Soleimani.

In this study, the effect of transmembrane pressure (TMP) on flux decline and protein rejection due to concentration polarization and fouling (adsorption) resistances during ultrafiltration of reconstituted skimmilk was investigated. UF experiments were carried out using a pilot plant unit equipped with spiral wound module and polysulfonamide UF membrane. A three-stage experimental strategy based on a resistance-in-series model (boundary layer-adsorption) was used to seperately determine the hydraulic membrane resistance, concentration polarization and fouling resistances. The results showed that increasing TMP had no effect on initial flux reduction (Jrt), but flux decline in each TMP was greatly due to concentration polarization, and fouling has a small role in flux decline, whereas dynamic response of flux decline proved that increasing Jrt during operation is due to fouling. The influence of TMP on resistances showed that total hydraulic resistance and reversible fouling resistance are increased with increasing TMP, but intrinsic membrane resistance and irreversible fouling resistance did not change. Increasing the total hydraulic resistance with time resulted in increasing both reversible and irreversible fouling resistances. Increasing TMP or operation time had no significant effect on protein rejection, but only led to an increase about 1-4 percent.

Resistance literature has a history as long as human settlement on Earth, and resistance to the rebellious soul in the first Persian poems, which has appeared in the form of educational literature, is a form of resistance literature. The ancient literature of resistance, which is manifested in the form of educational literature, depicts the stability of man against the soul (internal enemy) and has its own narrative grammar (poetic structure), but the concept of resistance over time and based on the situation of human beings and their resistance against the invading foreign enemies is manifested in another genre called resistance literature with a different structure, so that elements such as temporal position, audience position, type of genre, etc. have been involved in the formation of these two structures. The present study has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner, using library resources to examine the effective narrative elements in the evolution of the structure of resistance literature in both educational and resistance genres. The results of the present study has shown that although the concept of resistance literature in both perspectives -old and new- means endurance, but elements such as: 'position of the narrator', 'type of enemy', 'concept of message', 'position of time', 'different themes' and 'type of genre' have created differences in the formation and separation of the structure of resistance literature in the two genres.

Resistance is one of the central concepts of the Qur'an which has a wide field of meaning in the Qur'an . Three categories of verses can be identified by signifying the necessity of resistance, explaining the positive consequences of resistance and presenting the challenges facing resistance. Focusing on the third category, this study seeks to answer the question that from the perspective of the Qur'an, what are the challenges facing resistance? (Problem) Resistance is logically associated with some challenges with the realistic approach of the Qur'an. )Hypothesis) By applying the theory of semantics in the context of the text, focusing on the material of resistance and coexisting words, seeks to understand the meaning of resistance and its challenges, and with the aim of deepening and expanding the literature of resistance is a developmental research (method) The retardation of resistance, the exaggeration of the enemy, the reproduction of doubts, differences, inability to decide and suspicion of divine promises can be mentioned as some of the perceptual and behavioral challenges of resistance from the perspective of the Qur'an. (Finding)

Chemerin is a new adipokine, which is involved in inflammation and resistance insulin development. Thus, recent study examined changes of chemerin plasma levels and insulin resistance in two groups of healthy and insulin resistance male rats after 8 weeks resistance training. 32 male Wister rats with a weight, 161 ± 23 g were randomly divided into four groups included healthy control, healthy training, insulin resistance control and insulin resistance training. The rats in insulin resistance training group were subjected to a resistance-training program for 3 days/week, for 8 weeks that consisted of climbing a ladder carrying a load suspended from the tail. Following eight week resistance training plasma chemerin, insulin, glucose concentrations and insulin resistance were measured. Calculation and analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 19 software and testing the significance level P>0/05 was considered. The findings showed that resistance training was lead to a significant reduction in plasma chemerin (p= 0.02), glucose (p= 0. 0001), insulin (p= 0.0001) and insulin resistance (0.0001) in insulin resistance male rats whereas, significant reduction was not observed. In plasma chemerin (p=1), glucose (p= 0. 31), insulin (p= 0.07) and insulin resistance (0.24) in healthy male rats. It seems that resistance training can be focused as a prevention approach in insulin resistance and reduction of plasma chemerin.

  It seems that neurofeedback intervention with resistance training have an effect on changes in hormone levels related to body composition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of single and combined resistance training with neurofeedback on serum levels of cortisol, sex hormone binding globulin and body composition indices in young males. Thirty young men were randomly assigned to resistance training (n = 10; mean±SD age, 20/2±2/05; BMI, 24/1±1/12), resistance training + neurofeedback (n = 10; mean±SD age, 20/5±2/21; BMI, 24/3±1/35), and control (n = 10; mean±SD age, 20/3±2/11; BMI, 24/1±1/12) groups. Intervention groups performed resistance training for eight weeks of (3 sessions per week / 60 minutes per session / with a gradual increase in intensity from 20-40% of a maximum repetition at the beginning to 85-90% at the end of sessions) or resistance + neurofeedback (They performed the resistance exercise with 30 minutes of electrical stimulation of the brain, including increasing and amplifying the alpha wave in the T3 region and amplifying the alpha and suppressing theta in the Pz region).In the pre- and post-test stages, levels of cortisol, sex hormone-binding globulin, and body composition indices were measured (p≤0.05). Serum cortisol levels of resistance training (p = 0.001) and resistance training + neurofeedback (p = 0.008) groups were significantly different from the control group. Sex hormone-binding globulin levels of resistance training + neurofeedback were significantly different from the control group (p = 0.001). The ratio of absolute levels of cortisol to sex hormone binding globulin in resistance training and resistance training + neurofeedback groups was significantly different from the control group (p = 0.001). Therefore, decreasing changes in cortisol levels in young men with resistance training + neurofeedback occur more than resistance training. However, sex hormone binding globulin levels increased in both resistance training + neurofeedback and resistance training groups.

The combinations of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs have proven effective in controlling the progression of AIDS, but these benefits can be compromised by drug resistance. Thus, drug-resistance testing has become an important tool in the management of HIV-infected individuals.1 Drug resistance develops when mutations in the HIV virus proteins occur due to amino acid substitutions.2 Drug resistance testing is done in two ways: phenotypic test and genotypic test.3 In the first method, virus proliferation is measured in the presence of different concentrations of the drugs. In the second, the genetic structure of viral genome sequences are investigated.4 Although, the first case of HIV infection in Iran was identified 23 years ago (1988), there is still no study published on its drug resistance. The main purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of drug resistance mutations in patients with HIV/AIDS attending Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. The secondary objectives of the study were to determine the frequency of drug resistance to specific drugs such as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PI). We collected plasma samples from 25 patients with HIV/AIDS and immunological failure. After the extraction of the viral RNA from plasma, genomic sequencing was performed. Finally, the data for determining drug resistance were analyzed by the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database (http://hivdb.stanford.edu) software. Out of the 25 patients under study, 20 were male (80%) and five were female (20%). Routes of HIV transmission were: 56% by needle sharing among injecting drug users (IDUs), 20% through sexual contact, 12% through blood transfusions and 12% by unknown routes. High-level drug resistance for ARV drugs included: 24% to NRTIs, 28% to NNRTIs and zero percent to PI drugs. In addition, 15 patients had been infected with genotype A and 10 patients with genotype B of the virus subtypes. More than half of the patients (56%) had HCV co-infection and 44% had prison histories. Overall, the prevalence of drug resistance was 28% which is lower to those of other countries which range from 30% to 90%. Among NRTI drugs, 24% had high-level drug resistance to Lamivudin while no resistance was witnessed against Tenofovir. Among NRTI drugs, 8% had high-level and 68% had low-level resistance to Stavudine. Among NNRTI drugs, 24% and 28% of the patients showed high-level resistance to Efavirenze and Nevirapine, respectively, although the resistance rate in the present study was much lower in comparison to similar studies in China, Venezuela and Chile with respective resistance rates of 61%, 38% and 84%. In this study, no resistance was seen against PI drugs, while the resistance rates in other countries, such as Venezuela, Chile, Brazil and the U.S. have been respectively reported to be 47%, 45%, 45% and 41%.5 With higher genetic barriers than NNRTI drugs, and lack of resistance to them, PI drugs can be used effectively in health care systems in triple drug regimens. With a compliance rate of 32% in our study, 2NRTI+PI combination seems to be preferable to 2NRTI+NNRTI combination for the treatment of HIV/AIDS patients

Carbapenems are drugs with an extended spectrum but There are some problems when Carbapenems resistance is increased. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important nosocomial pathogen but Imipenem resistance increases and it is on second line therapy of multidrug resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. The importance of Enterobacteriaceae family is due to the increasing number of patients, According to this bacterium family 30-40 percent of Septicemiais infected and 70 percent of urinary tract infections. Carbapenems are the last defense line in critical infections with these pathogens.
this study collected 196 isolated bacteria of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae family from Hospitals patient of Tehran and evaluates them by phenotypic and biochemical methods. also, The researcher studies the disk diffusion method and use it to determine antibiotic sensitivity of all bacteria according to the CLSI standard table.
From the total of 196 bacteria collected, the resistance to Meropenem is %39.79 and Imipenem is %45.91 and 30.10 percent to Meropenem and Imipenem resistance so that the percent resistance of bacteria is as follows: Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance to Meropenem is %39.62 and Imipenem is %43.39. Meropenem and Imipenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae family are as follows: Salmonella resistance to Imipenem and Meropenem is %0 and %50, Citrobacter koseri the resistance to Imipenem and Meropenem %0 and %50, Citrobacter freundii Meropenem resistance of %28.57 and Imipenem %28.57, Escherichia coli resistance to Meropenem %39.70 and Imipenem %47.05, Klebsiella oxytoca resistance to Meropenem %46.6 and %40 Imipenem and Meropenem resistance Klebsiella pneumoniae %34.14 and Imipenem %53.65, respectively.
There is an increasing resistance to Meropenem and Imipenem antibiotics in treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae family in our country. Hence, it should be properly and reasonably use these antibiotics.

One of the common methods for measuring the contact resistance of graphene sheets is the transfer length or transmission line method (TLM). Apart from the contact resistance, TLM gives the resistance of the channel sheet and the effective transfer length of the measured samples. Furthermore, the implementation of TLM is simple. To analyze this method, one can use circuit modeling (CM). An important parameter of TLM is the contact resistance between the metal electrode and the graphene channel. To compare this parameter with other measures, it is normalized by multiplying it by the channel width. In this research, for TLM analysis, all the components of the structure including electrodes, graphene channel, and metal-graphene contact are modeled in a circuit. PSpice and MATLAB are integrated for TLM circuit modeling. The metal electrodes and the graphene channel are modeled based on the values of the resistances measured in the laboratory using the van der Pauw method and the resistances reported in the article in ohms per square. Moreover, the metal-graphene contact resistance is considered based on the values reported in the literature in ohms-micrometers. The modeling results show that, in addition to the effective transfer length, the effective transfer width can be defined on a contact, according to the dimensions of the structure. Therefore, the channel width is a vague characteristic of the TLM measurement, which plays a very important role in measuring contact resistance. Furthermore, the contact resistance and the resistance of the channel sheet are independent of each other and of the distance between the contacts. If defects in the graphene channel are randomly distributed along the channel between the contacts, they do not have a significant impact on the contact resistance, while they increase the resistance of the graphene sheet provided that they do not disrupt the channel. Indeed, for a 10% defect (or 90% coverage along the channel), the resistance of the sheet increases by 16%. In addition, by using this modeling, parameters such as the distribution of the contact current, the sources of errors, and their influence in determining the contact resistance and resistance of the channel sheet are investigated.