India has a high burden of tobacco usage and its related morbidity and mortality. Almost 30% of the Indian population above 15 years of age use some form of tobacco. Men usually use smoked tobacco, while women are more likely to use smokeless (chewed) tobacco. Tobacco usage has been identified as a risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among slum dwellers in urban cities. This study explored the tobacco consumption patterns and its determinants in an urban slum community of New Mumbai. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Study methods included review of secondary literature and policy documents on tobacco control. Primary data was collected from the Turbhe slum community in New Mumbai using semi-structured interview schedules. Cluster sampling followed by simple random sampling technique was used to achieve the sample size of 300 households. The prevalence of tobacco consumption in Turbhe slums was very high. 25% of tobacco consumers initiated tobacco use before 18 years of age. Peer pressure emerged as a major factor for initiation of tobacco consumption. Smokeless tobacco was the predominant form of tobacco consumed. Though television is the most viewed medium, newspapers and magazines were the most impactful media for quitting tobacco. Tobacco consumption is a major public health challenge in urban slums of New Mumbai. Absence of effective legislation on curbing availability of tobacco products and poor community awareness on the harmful effects of tobacco creates a vicious cycle contributing to the rising burden NCDs in India.

Agricultural marketing starts from production planning and continues to the last step after harvest, i.e. selling and gaining customer satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to identify factors developing tobacco marketing, considering the specialization of tobacco cultivation in Boghmach Rural District, Chenaran County. The research is a descriptive-analytical one. The statistical population of the study were tobacco producers and market agents in Boghmach. Based on Cochran’s Formula, 110 people were selected as the sample. Through extensive documentary and field studies, 29 factors were identified as promoting tobacco marketing in Boghmach and then surveyed using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire. The identified factors were categorized under 9 main components (with 72.5% of the total variance), using exploratory factor analysis. These components include, respectively, high capability of tobacco producers (14.6% of the variance), ending the monopoly of tobacco company (11.8% of the variance), specialization in cultivation, production and processing of tobacco (10.9% of the variance), existence of foreign market suitable for tobacco (8.5% of the variance), existence of domestic market suitable for tobacco (6.5% of the variance), tobacco processing at the origin (5.8% of the variance), relative agency of tobacco producers in the market (5.5% of the variance), government supervision over tobacco market (4.7% of the variance), and the capacity required to expand tobacco activity (3.7% of the variance). The results of Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) showed that, in terms of tobacco marketing, Boghmach is the main center for tobacco production in Chenaran and Razavi Khorasan Province, and it is the starting point of tobacco marketing in the province. Considering the production of 80% of Razavi Khorasan tobacco in Boghmach and the specialization of cultivation, it is suggested that appropriate planning be done for better marketing in the country and abroad based on the factors identified.

Tobacco is the most important preventable cause of disease burden and death all over the world. Apart from being the single most important determinant of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, smoking is also a threat to oral health. The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) as a part of Global Tobacco Surveillance System (GTSS) was developed to monitor tobacco use, elicit attitudes about tobacco, and obtain information on exposure to tobacco smoke among youth. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, knowledge, attitude, behaviour and interpersonal factors related to the use of tobacco among youth of Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India. This study was conducted among 1031, 15 to 25 year old youths studying in the different colleges of Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India. The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) core questionnaire was used. Simple descriptive statistics were used for the data. Out of the total 1031 participants (mean age: 19.55 ± 1.35), 632 (61.2%) were male (mean age: 19.66 ± 1.36) and 399 (38.7%) were female (mean age: 19.35 ± 1.35). 493 (47.8%) were current tobacco users, the majority of which were male 411 (39.8%). 122 (11.8%) had a previous history of tobacco use, while 416 (40.3%) reported that they had never used tobacco in any form. The majority of the male participants, 305 (29.5%), were consuming tobacco daily. Majority of current, 152 (30.8%), and ever tobacco users, 122 (41.8%), smoke and chew gutkha at places of entertainment followed by smoking or chewing at school/college premises. The majority of them bought gutkha themselves, 292 (47.4%). Moreover, the majority of current tobacco users, 298 (72.5%) male and 82 (100%) female, wanted to stop smoking /gutkha chewing. The present study indicates that there is a high prevalence of use of tobacco among youth of Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India.

Adolescent tobacco use in India has increased substantially within the past few decades. Schools can serve as an important avenue for prevention education, but little is known about the current practices of Indian schools in relation to tobacco use prevention education.
To assess the extent and influence tobacco use prevention education in Indian schools,we analyzed the Global Youth Tobacco Survey data for India, which was a population-based study of a national random sample of 10112 students from 180 private and public schools.Variables such as student demographic profile, tobacco use behavior, perceptions about tobacco use, and exposure to school-based tobacco use prevention education were considered for analyses.
Prevalence of any form of tobacco use (14%) and current smoking (8%) was found to differ by gender. A quarter of the students believed that boys who smoke are more attractive or have more friends compared to non-smokers, and almost half of the students reported that smoking and health were never discussed as a part of a lesson in school. The association between school-based prevention education and tobacco use behavior was assessed (after adjustment forage, gender, and parental smoking). Students who were educated in school about tobacco use and its effects were significantly more likely to have negative attitude toward tobacco use and less likely to report use of tobacco.
School-based tobacco use prevention education has beneficial influence on adolescents in India. Given the early age of initiation of tobacco use, school curricula in India should emphasize on tobacco use prevention education.

Tobacco use is a major cause of preventable death and disease in India. A nationally representative case-control study of smoking in India (2008) revealed that only 2% of smokers had spontaneously quit. This study was undertaken to assess tobacco quit rates among the youth in an urban health center and to determine barriers in quitting tobacco use.This cross sectional study was conducted among the youth attending Malwani Urban Health Centre. Hundred-thirty-three subjects were selected by a universal sampling method. Data was collected using a semi structured questionnaire.The majority of the youth were in the 18 to 21-year-old age group (43%), Male (82.4%), Muslim (65.4%) and unmarried (57.1%). The tobacco quit rate among these cases was 8.3%. Quitting tobacco use was significantly associated with the person's religion, marital status and living with the familyFear of cancer was the most common reason for quitting tobacco. The major reason for initiation of tobacco consumption was peer pressure and betel quid was the most common form. Not experiencing any harmful effects of tobacco was the most common reason for not quitting tobacco.

Physicians constitute a considerable professional influential group; they may be most suited for tobacco use prevention and smoking cessation intervention among the growing tobacco using population.We assessed tobacco cessation knowledge and practice done by 91 physicians in two blocks of Khurda district by using modified version of survey instrument developed by Francisco G. Soto Mas. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 16 statistical software was used for the analysis.The response rate was 75.83%, of which 77 (84.6%) were male. Study participants were in the age group 36-45 years. Nearly 13.2% of the respondents were active tobacco user. In tobacco-related practices, around 58 (62%) of participant physicians ask patients about tobacco use status always-frequently. More than (67) 70% of participant physicians advise their patients to quit tobacco but only 10-20% of study physicians assist them in referring to cessation programs. Seventy one (78%) of physicians felt providing counseling to patients using tobacco as their responsibility.The results indicate that physicians participating in this study do not meet the level ofintervention recommended by National Tobacco Control Program.

Despite the disadvantages and adverse effects of tobacco on human health and the environment, tobacco use in our country continues to grow. Various researches have investigated the issue of smoking, which needs to be coherent and consistent. The present study aimed to identify the causes and motivations of tobacco use in individuals through qualitative meta-analysis. Data were collected by referring to databases of SID, Magiran, Irandoc, Tobacco Research Center of Iran and IranMedex with the keywords of tobacco, cigarette, hookah in a period of time (1978-2018). Duplicate and irrelevant studies were eliminated and finally 92 studies were analyzed according to the purpose and criteria of the study. The findings indicated that contextual variables, smoking relatives, easy access to tobacco, leisure activities, Patterns, social change, environmental stressors, beliefs, attitudes and awareness, weakness of social and religious affiliation were among the factors that tend to be tobacco in Iran. Accordingly, it is necessary to consider leisure and tobacco substitutes management and happiness. Future tobacco investigations should be conducted by the authorities in a qualitative approach to find causes based on social, cultural, etc.

Attitudes and impressions toward the tobacco industry and tobacco products among the general public are important determinants for curbing the menace of the tobacco epidemic. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the knowledge and perceptions about the tobacco industry and tobacco products and analyze attitudes towards social denormalization (SD) of tobacco use and tobacco industry denormalization (TID) among the rural population of Bihar, India. This community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted on 421 adults aged 18 to 65 years who were selected using multistage systematic random sampling in a rural area of Bihar State in India from January to March 2022. Results were presented as proportions and the factors associated with support for TID and SD were identified using the chi-square test and binary logistic regression. Out of 421 participants, 342 (81.2%) did not consider smokeless tobacco to be very dangerous. Nearly half (192, 45.6%) of the individuals believed that tobacco companies never tell the truth about the ill effects of tobacco use on health. Maximum, 345 (89.5%) also believed that the tobacco industry is responsible for adverse health effects of tobacco use and that the government should sue them. The prevalence of favorable attitudes toward TID and SD was found to be 55.1% [95% CI: 50.3% – 59.8%] and 38.2% [95% CI: 33.7% – 42.9%], respectively. One out of every two and one out of every three individuals showed favorable attitudes toward TID and SD, respectively. There is a need to inform and educate the public on the ill effects of tobacco and the deceptive strategies used by the tobaccoindustry to help them choose health over tobacco.

Smoking is the largest preventable cause of death in the world, killing nearly 6 million people annually. This article is an investigation of measures implemented laws in the Iran to study the proposed strategy of control and reduce tobacco use based on the monitor, protect, offer, warn, enforce and raise (MPOWER) policy.
All laws approved by the Parliament along with the instructions on tobacco control prepared by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade were collected and studied. Moreover, practical steps of Ministry of Health and other organizations were examined in this regard.
Findings: Iranian Parliament after the adoption of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) acts to create a comprehensive and systematic program for tobacco control legislation as a first step towards comprehensive national tobacco control and combat. In this law and its implementing guidelines and based on the strategy of MPOWER, specific implement is done to monitor tobacco use and prevention policies, protect people from tobacco smoke, offer help to quit tobacco use, warn about the dangers of tobacco, enforce bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship and raise taxes on tobacco. However, the full objectives of the legislation have not achieved yet.
According to Iran’s membership in the FCTC and executive producer of tobacco control laws and regulations, necessary infrastructure is ready for a serious fight with tobacco use. In Iran, in comparison with developed countries, there is a huge gap between ratified laws and performing of laws.

Water pipe tobacco smoking is used as a traditional way of smoking, but its ascending trend and increasing consumption has become a global phenomenon, which has been associated with increased consumption of fruity or flavored tobaccos. Given the students’ increasing tendency in this regard, this study aimed to explore the medical students’ tendency toward using waterpipe tobacco smoking. This is a qualitative study using a semi-structured interview with 16 medical students in Southeastern Iran (Zabol) from January to May 2020. The data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Data analysis led to the extraction of 4 themes of “cultural/ family roots”, “individual roots”, “attraction of tobacco flavor and water pipe”, and “misconception about health risks of water pipe tobacco smoking”. Waterpipe tobacco smoking has increased among students for leisure and entertainment. Given that waterpipe tobacco smoking is the basis for entering various opioid addictions and cigarettes, it needs more attention to students from the academic side of principals and families. It is recommended that national and academic authorities should consider the issues that attract the students toward water pipe tobacco smoking.