Since the early 90s, the concept of human development were proposed as one of the development evaluation criteria, improving community health, which constituted an essential component of this development, the challenge for governments grew. This study was conducted to determine the level of health development of Yazd province in 2013, using the techniques numerical taxonomy.
This descriptive study was to assess the health indicators in the 10 township of Yazd province in 2013. Required data were collected based on experts opinion and referring to the deputies of Hygiene, Treatment, Management and Resource Development, Food and Drug Administration of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Province Health Center, Yazd province Statistics Center, Welfare Organization of Yazd province and were analyzed with AHP techniques and numerical taxonomy.
Mehriz and Abarkooh were the richest and most deprived townships, with degree of development of 0.474 and 0.987 and Bafgh, Yazd, Ardakan, Meybod, Taft, Bahabad, Saduq and Khatam, fall between them, respectively.
There is difference and gap in the development of health, between townships of Yazd province, there is hope that the national and provincial authorities in the allocation of health facilities to each of the township of Yazd, plan and act based on the rate of development of the township.

Aflatoxin M1 contamination of collected milks from Esfahan and Yazd provinces has been studied. Twenty six milk samples (1 UHT milk, 8 raw and 17 pasteurized) from Yazd province and 37 raw milk samples from Esfahan province were analyzed by using HPLC and Immunoaffinity column determination. Results showed that milk samples of Yazd province had higher amount of aflatoxin M1 contamination than Esfahan. In Esfahan, 94.6% of milk samples had lower aflatoxin M1 than recommended amount for adult's consumption (0.05) while 76.9% of Yazd samples had lower amount than MTL (0.05). According to lower amount of MTL for infant food (0.02), 84/6 % of Yazd samples had higher contamination than infant MTL (0.02) while 43% of Esfahan samples were higher than (0.02). Since aflatoxin M1 is a heat resistance toxin, results of Yazd samples showed that pasteurized and UHT milk samples also had higher aflatoxin M1 contamination. Differences between afalatoxin M1 contaminant samples in Yazd and Esfahan provinces were significant (P<0.05)

Kings like Shah Abbas I in Persia made the Saffavid Empire stronger and it resulted in political unity, growth of trade, roads safety, and ultimately commerce. Meanwhile, by having thousands of years of experience in textile, the city of Yazd brought up Ghias Al-din Naghshbandi Yazdi, the greatest fabric designer in the history of Iran. During the Qajar era, textile industry lost its prosperity considerably due to the imports of foreign fabrics, yet cities such as Yazd and Kashaan maintained a positive growth. Dozens of types of fabrics, some of them unique types such as velvet and cashmere and so on were being produced in Yazd. Amir Kabir founded large textile factories in cities like Yazd, Kerman, Kashaan etc. Universally renowned masters like Mohammad Khan Naghshband, and..yazd and others emerged. Data have been gathered this non-experimental(Qajar) research has been2conducted with a documentarian approach and through field studies. This question has been proposed: what were the developments of the textile industry during the Qajar era and yazd and what role the city of Yazd has played in this textiles?

One of the most important problems on the city of Yazd in the early Islamic period، is the silent geographical and historical resources. Because when texts dealing with Yazd region، they are mentioned Naein، Meybod، Kasah and Fahraj as four major cities of this region which had jame mosque، but they are not called the city of Yazd. This has caused that many researchers called the city of Yazd as Kasah and after several centuries Yazd has replaced. Based on a careful study of the geographical texts، can we know the city of Yazd? This is the first studying question posed in this article. Second question is about Kasah city. Is Kasha the same with city of Yazd? Although geographical texts are silent about city of Yazd، but we can find signs about this city in the early Islamic period. When geographical texts speak of Kasah، they refer to a city located on the suburbs. The river run through the described city which originated from a mountain village. The village، also had a lead mine. The village has good weather and the fruit trees. This city has a castle with two jame mosque and its water source was from qanat. If we adapt these descriptions with geographical conditions of Yazd – Ardakan plain، we can understand the existence of city of Yazd. Because Taft river is the only river of yazd – ardakan plain which after passing through the city of Taft، flows through the city of Yazd. Moreover، Taft had a lead mine which is not used about twenty years. The local texts mentioned that Yazd was composed of several communities like Fahadan، Kooshk - e - no and was conquered by the Muslims in the early Islamic period. The archaeological excavations carried out on the historical context of city of Yazd، potteries which were found and are dating the 3rd to 5th centuries AH. These potteries consists of splashed and sgraffito decorated potteries. Splashed wares have buff fabric covered with white or buff slip. Their shapes including bowls، dishes and cups and splashed with green، brown and yellow slip and glaze. This kind of pottery is comparable with some peripheral sites like Ghubayrā، Kerman. Sgraffito wares، like splashed wares، have buff fabric covered with white or buff slip. Their shapes including bowls، dishes and cups. Designs incised through a white slip under a yellowish transparent glaze، splashed with green، brown and yellow. Mashhad-i Davazdah Imam was built by Abu Saeed and Abu Ya’ghoub، both military governors of Kakuyid ruler Ala-al Doleh Faramarz. Its inscription has 429 AH dating and has become the oldest monument of the city of Yazd. Also، the local texts said that Imam Reza prayed in the Fort mosque in Daro al-Shfa community، which has built a monastery memorizing his presence later on during Safavid period. These reasons shows that the city of Yazd existed in the early Islamic period. When Muslim geographers speak about Kasah، they said this city composed of several villages which city of Yazd was located on its suburbs. For this reason، it cannot be said a city. On the other hand، the local text said this city was founded by Alexander the Great after conquering the Achamenid Empire and prisoners accommodated in. After construction of the city of Yazd، people left Kasah and settled in Yazd; while On the basis of geographical texts like Masalik al-mamalik or Suwar al-aqālīm، Kasah is an Islamic city in Yazd region. These are existing contradictions between the local text and geographical. Perhaps rostagh dehestan is the same Kasah، because this dehestan composed of several villages dates back from early Islamic period and is consistent with the descriptions of geographers from Kasah.

An Iwan is the most prominent architectural element of Yazd houses. Qajar houses in Yazd city have the most examples of Qajar houses with south iwan compared to other cities of Iran located in hot and dry climate. The purpose of this study is to investigate the different characteristics of the iwan and to express how it is shaded in Qajar houses in Yazd. The research seeks to answer the following questions: What are the characteristics of Iwans in the architecture of residential buildings in Yazd during the Qajar period? - What factors influenced the iwans in the architecture of residential buildings in Yazd during the Qajar period? - What is the climatic plan (shading) of the porch in the architecture of residential buildings in Yazd in the Qajar period? One of the climatic solutions to achieve thermal comfort in hot and dry climatic cities such as Yazd was to use shade and reduce the effects of sunlight. Due to the climatic conditions and the formation of the historic city of Yazd, the iwan element was used to create shade and thermal comfort. As a result, the iwans in the Qajar houses of Yazd were located in the southwest, southeast and south, respectively. Meanwhile, the location of the iwan on the south side has the highest efficiency and the most shading in the summer revolution, and it seems that other reasons have been effective in the formation of houses in Yazd, which have taken precedence over shading.

The arrival of modernity in the city of Yazd has created a multiple structure in this city, and has changed the social relations in Yazd society. From this perspective, in the city of Yazd, even in areas where the spatial structure is still traditional, family relationships have changed into pseudo-modern. The aim of this study is to investigate the spatial manifestations of modernity and its social effects that are visible in Yazd. Data was collected through documentive studies, field observations, and semi-structured interviews and then, it was analyzed qualitatively. In the interview section, the statistical sample consisted of 15 families living in traditional spaces and 15 families residing in modern spaces. In terms of differences in occupation, age, gender and marital status in different areas of Yazd, sample was selected using saturation method. The results show that the manifestations of the modern spaces in Yazd can be divided into four parts: transitional spaces, hybrid spaces, modern spaces and traditional spaces. Also, there are visible proportions of social relationships appropriate to each of the modern and traditional spaces.

Visceral leishmaniosis (Kala-azar) is the fatal form of leishmaniosis which is sporadic in many parts and endemic in some parts of Iran. Regarding to the dogs are the most important reservoir for human visceral leishmaniosis the present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence rate of canine leishmaniosis in stray dogs in Yazd city and its public health hazard. Blood samples were randomly collected from 100 stray dogs from municipality animal shelter in Yazd city after complete clinical examination. All collected sera were tested by a commercial indirect ELISA kit (ID-VET, France) for the presence of anti leishmania infantum antibodies. Bassed to the results, seroprevalence was 1%, which emphasized that Yazd city is a non-endemic area. On the spite of the low prevalence of disease in stray dogs in Yazd city, reports of infantile infection from Shahid Sadooghi hospital and presence of different species of sand flies in Yazd showed that there is a need for the implementation of a fieldwork monitoring system for the disease surveillance in animal reservoirs, vectors and high risk population in different geographical parts of Yazd province.

Considering the prominent position of Yazd in Iranian civilization, the present study tries to determine the role and position of the Christian religious minority in Yazd during the Pahlavi era and the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this research, the method is descriptive-analytical, library materials and with document review during the Pahlavi period (1926-1926/1304-1979) and the Islamic Republic of Iran (1979-1979/1357-1400 AD) in the field of interactions of the people of Yazd, in various commercial fields, economic, cultural-social, religious with Christians. One of the biggest peaceful relations and interactions of religions happens in Yazd every year and it is in a small room which is apparently an ancient-historical holy place. Followers of all four active religions in Yazd (Islam, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, and Christianity) pay respect to that shrine and, depending on their inner intentions, they make vows, prayers, and light candles in it, pray and ask for needs. While the Christians did not succeed in propagating Christianity under the shadow of colonialism, especially England, and the people of Yazd did not show much desire. A few, including research on religious minorities in the Qajar period (1752-1926 AD/1175-1304 AD) or informative booklets, etc., were not found.

cultural or heritage tourism is a tool of economic development that leads to economic growth by attracting visitors from outside the host community of historic and heritage attractions of destinations. this is a human heritage as cultural traditions of each society and is considered as cultural tourist attractions. In this regard, Yazd city is an ancient city and having ancient culture, and also having rich cultural heritage as cultural tourism products. despite these attractions, especially the urban attractions have possessing importance because reflected of Iranian civilization identity and culture and is considered as a component of development of Yazd city. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of these culture attractions in the development of cultural tourism in Yazd city.
Based on components studied is research Type, applied and methods of study, descriptive- analytical. Statistical population under study in this research is 384 internal tourists visitor of heritage- cultural the attractions of Yazd city in 2014, which is calculated based on Cochrane sampling. To analyze of Influence degree of development different indicators in cultural tourism has been used from network analysis model (ANP) and SWOT planning model in order to Formulation strategic planning of cultural tourism development in the city of Yazd. Attractions and capabilities of destinations heritage - cultural are as independent variables and Cultural and urban tourism development as dependent variables.
Review the number of Internal and external tourists Yazd province in during the spring and summer 2011 shows around 1,244,048 tourists were entered in the province that 92 percent of this tourists namely around 1,144,524 are tourists that have visited of cultural - historical monuments city of Yazd. Of this number tourists, 404,389 tourists have most likely a day trip and 839,659 tourists had to stay overnight at the hotel in town. Investigating the number of tourists who have visited from historical sites Yazd city during the years 2007 to 2011 shows that after from 2009 the number of tourist arrivals sharply has decreased So that this number of 40,360 foreign tourists in 2009 has declined to 17,271 tourists in 2011 years. Also the number of internal tourists has decreased from 422,293 visitors in 2009 to 344,418 tourists in 2011.Today, tourism growth and become more competitive, is undeniable necessity for the development and promotion of qualitative and quantitative functions and infrastructure needed for tourists. In this regard, considering that there are a lot of historical places and tourism in Yazd city. Tourist facilities in Yazd city is significantly more than any other city or cities. From number 42 hotel in provinces, 47 hotels are located in the Yazd city, which by itself represents this concentration of tourist facilities in Yazd city. Also there are 36 tourism offices in provinces that from this is located 26 tourist office in Yazd city. The results of field surveys shows 43/1 percent of Internal tourists are complete acquaintance with historical and tourism sites of city that is represents an effective advertising in this field. in this regard, 78/9 percent of tourist believe that cultural attractions advertising in the city Yazd city, a lot of can be effective in outlining the true face of Islamic- Iran culture and attract of internal tourists. analytical findings based on network analysis Shows indicators of cultural tourism capacities with amount 0/124 and tourists satisfy with 0/116are a very important factor in increasing of development cultural tourism in Yazd city.
The first step in analyzing strategic planning of cultural tourism in Yazd city is to identify the dimensions and variables affecting in growth of this type of tourism. So the first attempt to extracted strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of this kind of tourism. equal with investigations conducted in relation to cultural tourism in Yazd city, have allocated weaknesses and threats in this type of tourism, with coefficients of 8/41 and 7/36 most amount and strengths and opportunities with coefficients 6/12 and 6/54 lowest amount. Status of cultural tourism in Yazd city is faced with numerous weaknesses. this means that with current planning process, greater emphasis there have been on increasing the number of tourist arrivals and income increase in this field of tourism and been neglected to issues like investment and participation of private sector in order the restoration and maintenance of heritage–cultural phenomena. So that this heritage and cultural attractions that reflect the culture of people Yazd is very attractive for domestic and foreign tourists are slowly affected by erosion So that this heritage and cultural attractions that reflect the culture of people Yazd and is very attractive for Internal and external tourists are slowly affected by erosion. Therefore, to provide strategic planning of cultural tourism for Yazd city will be used win strategy because this strategy will completely disable the internal negative factors. in this regard, provide a coordinated program and integrated management in all sectors of cultural tourism, holding event and cultural – religious rituals in historic place, investment in the sector material cultural heritage, cooperation with universities, reconstruction and rehabilitation of historic centers as a attraction major of cultural tourism, human resource management, maintenance and preservation of cultural heritage by establishing a heritage museum, use of glass Shield or fences for historic homes and other historic sites are important and vulnerable, create the residential centers in the towns periphery of Yard to more durability tourists and visitors historical monuments, create vast green spaces in the center and historical attractions with maintaining non-interference and non-damaging to the historic attractions, commercial use of historic homes on the condition of invulnerability and destruction and the signing of a memorandum of cooperation in the field of absorb and transmit tourists between the three provinces of Isfahan, Fars and Yazd, and also set up a joint educational centers and training cultural heritage Studies Have the most impact on the Development of cultural tourist attractions in Yazd.

In this study, the effect of different concentrations of sodium chloride (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 ds/m) on growth characteristics and leaves sodium and chlorine content of eight pomegranate cultivars (Malas Saveh, Malas Esfahan, Rabab Qermez Shiraz, Gabry Yazd, Gabry Torosh Yazd, Zaq Sefid Yazd, Zaq Torsh Yazd and Malas Toq Peshva) was investigated. The experiment was carried out as a factorial based on randomized block designs with three replications. At the end of study, growth characteristics and leaves sodium and chlorine content were determined. With increasing salinity, plant height and diameter, branches number and leaf chlorophyll index were decreased, but the leave necrosis and chlorine and sodium concentration were increased. Shoots fresh and dry weight were increased slightly when salinity increased up to 3 dS/m and thereafter decreased.. The lowest leaf abscission was found in Zaqe Sefid Yazd and Gabry Yazd when treated with 6 and 12 dS/m. At 12 dS/m, the lowest leaf necrosis was found in Malas Esfahan, but at 6 dS/m, Zaq Sefid Yazd and Malas Esfahan showed the lowest decreasing percent respectively. At 9 and 12 dS/m Malas Saveh and Rabab Qermaz Shiraz showed the highest leave necrosis as compared to the control. In salinity of 6 and 12 dS/m, the Gabry Torosh Yazd and Malas Esfahan cultivars showed the lowest decreasing in chlorophyll leaf index respectively. The lowest chlorine and sodium accumulation at 12 dS/m was observed in Malas Toq Pishva and Zaq Sefid Yazd cultivars.