نشریه پرستاری و مامایی ارومیه
سال سیزدهم شماره 12 (پیاپی 77، اسفند 1394)

Premenstrual syndrome is characterized by the physical, psychological and behavioral symptoms cycle occurrence during the luteal phase of the menstruation cycle, and it will be disappeared within a few days of the onset of menstruation. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of webotherapy on premenstrual syndrome.
This experimental study was carried out on 60 volunteer students of Razi University with PMS diagnosis. After surveying two menstruation cycles and confirming PMS existence, the subjects were randomly assigned into experimental and control group. webotherapy was performed for 8 weeks. Volunteers completed DRSP during 2 cycles before and 1 cycle after intervention. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytic statistics.
The data analysis revealed that in comparing before and after intervention, the experimental group showed significant decrease in mean of symptoms.
Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that webotherapy is an effective method for relieving symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.

Previous studies showed that sucrose is a pain relief in infants, but a few studies was done about the effect of sucrose with different concentrations in IM injection, and their results are confusable. The aim of the current study was comparing the effect of oral sucrose 20%, 30% and 50% on relief of behavioral pain responses from Hepatitis B vaccine injection in full term infants.
Material & In this randomized clinical trial, the subjects were divided into four groups randomly. 2 minutes before injection of Hepatitis B vaccine, in case groups 2 ml of one of the four sterile solutions namely sucrose 20%, 30% or 50% was given, and in the control group 2ml sterile distilled water was given with syringe into the baby''s mouth in less than one minute. Before, 2 and 7 minutes after giving sucrose, infants pain was assessed with NIPS.
The findings showed that pain severity in the 2 and 7 minutes groups, was significantly less than the control group (p sucrose with different concentrations may decrease pain of hepatitis B vaccine injection in full term infants but its concentration is not effective.

Coronary arteries angioplasty is one of the most common methods for treatment of coronary artery diseases.On the other hand, one of the major issues in promoting quality of care is patient participation in treatment and self-care. This study aimed to determine the effect of implementation discharge planning on self-care ability patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, Urmia, Iran, 2015.
This study was an interventional clinical trial. 80 patients were selected who met inclusion criteria, and they were randomly divided into two group of experimental (40) and control group (40). The data were gathered by a demographic questionnaire information, and Kearney & Fleischer self-care ability questionnaire. In experimental group, the patients learned necessary measures for their self-care. One month after discharge, the demographic information questionnaire and the self-care ability questionnaire were completed by two groups of patients. Data analysis was done by using SPSS software version 22, and using descriptive and inferential statistics.
The study revealed that there was no significant difference between control and intervention groups (p=0.181). Comparing the averages of the self-care ability before and after the intervention in two groups showed statistically significant differences (p=0.0001). As a result, the paired t-test showed that there is statistically significant differences in the control group (P=0.001) and the intervention group (P=0.0001) during one month after discharge. However, the difference between the means of the scores obtained at the time of admission and one month after discharge is much greater in the intervention group than the control group.
Performance discharge planning had a positive impact on self-care ability for patient's coronary angioplasty. Therefore, it is recommended for health care providers and nurses to strengthen the patients self-care on discharge planning, and to improve their ability of self-care to reduce the complications in coronary angioplasty.

Patients suffering from sickle cell disease may indeed vary in their psychological adaptation to the unpredictability and seriousness of the complication and lead to lower quality of life in these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of self-management program on Depression, Anxiety and Stress in patients with sickle cell disease.
Samples of this quasi-experimental study, which included 69 patients with sickle cell disease referring to the Thalassemia Clinic of Shafa Hospital, were entered into the study by census method. Patients received a self-management program using the 5A model (Assess, Advice, Agree, Assist and Arrange) for 12 weeks, while the Depression, Anxiety and Stress of patients before the intervention was assessed at the twelfth week and thirty-sixth week using Doss-21 questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, paired t-test, Wilcoxon test and repeated measures test in SPSS software v.19.
There were significant differences between Depression, Anxiety and Stress levels before and after intervention (p It is concluded that self management program can be used, as an interventional method, to decrease stress, anxiety, and depression in patients with sickle cell disease. Therefore, self-management program as an effective way is advisable to decrease mental health problems in the sickle cell patients.

Physical inactivity is one of the most important reasons of chronic medical diseases in the elderly. Regarding to the importance of modifying physical activity behavior in elderly women and to produce proper educational and interventional strategies, this study was aimed to assess the effect of Health Belief Model (HBM) based on education intervention on the physical activity among elderly women.
Two hundred elderly women from Urmia City participated in this interventional study. They were chosen using the multistage sampling method. SPSS 21, and Smart PLS 3.5 soft wares were used for structural equation modeling and to test the hypotheses and the model's fitness.
The results indicated that the education intervention had a positive effect on improving elderly women knowledge and behavior for physical activity. Generally, physical activity knowledge had a direct and increasing effect on the behavior through education intervention program, before intervention (β =0.168, p=0.01) to three months (β =0.180, p=0.01) and six months after intervention (β =0.232, p The results of the current study indicated that the HBM was a proper model for education intervention for the elderly women. In addition, HBM based education program for physical activity improved elderly women behavior.

Many studies around the world show that children’s health is affected by social and working conditions of their families. Employment and different parental job conditions are among the factors affecting on child’s physical and mental health. According to limimted Iranian reseach on the field of study, this article is focused on relationship between parental job satisfaction and their children’s health.
Material & This correlational study included 200 men and women working in education system (from four schools) in Mashhad city and having at least one child of 5 to 18 years old. The samples were selected in a randomly stratified sampling way. Data gathered by Minessota job satisfaction questionnaire as well as a 28-items Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ-PF28). Confirmatory factor analysis and stepwise linear regression were used for analysing Data in SPSS 22 and Amos softwares.
Child health dimensions were explained in different percentages by three sub-scales of job satisfaction. According to 12 regression models, the highest variance was related to child's emotional-impact (10% expalined by extrinsic scale and total satisfaction score), total score of child health (8.5% by total satisfaction score), and emotional behaviour problems (7.7% by intrinsic scale). The pain and family cohesion dimensions were not explained by any subscales.
Parental job satisfaction is related to child health, and to some extent, it has a determinant role on that. however parental job conditions are known in global litrature as a social determinant affecting child health, this field was not taken into cosideratin in Iran yet. It is suggested that in future studies, researchers investigate the relation and effect of job conditions on child health in different socioeconomic groups.

Motor disabilities following stroke can disrupt daily activities of the patients. Nursing home care program can be performed in these patients to achieve functional independence. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of nursing home care on the daily activities in patients with stroke in Urmia.
This study is a randomized clinical trial in which 60 stroke patients eligible for the study were entered in the study in Urmia, they were randomly divided into two groups. The data collection tool was a valid and reliable scale of daily life activities which were completed in the pre-test and post-test phases of the study. Nursing home care program was implemented in the intervention group while the control group received usual care daily. Data analysis was performed on the obtained data by using descriptive and analytical statistics in the Spss v.16 software.
The results shows that in both groups, the patients were male, married, aged more than 50 years and has a low literacy level, and most of them were satisfied with their financial situation in their life. Also by using the Barthel Index and the Nottingham extended, it was shown that there was a statistically significant difference (P=0/001) between the mean scores of patients in the dimensions of daily life activities in both intervention and controls groups.
Nursing home care program can enhance daily life activities and ultimately it can improve the quality of life of patients with stroke living at home. Regular nursing services at home for this group of patients is recommended.

Weight is the most sensitive growth criterion, and it is a way to survey the total health. Improvement in care procedures of preterm infants in addition to decreasing the cost of care, it can result in the reduction of complications in neonatal period. With regarding to the importance of growth and development, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of tub bathing on weight gain of preterm neonates.
This study is a randomized controlled clinical trial. 132 preterm infants with a gestational age of 32-37 weeks were randomly divided into two treatment and control groups. The infants of treatment group were bathed three times in the interval of one day inside the bathtub while the control group received routine skin care. In both treatment and control groups, the weight outcome measured daily and these data were registered in the checklist. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Less than 0.05 P value was considered statistically significant.
The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between both groups in terms of the changes of weights in preterm infants (P>0.05).
According to the results of the study, an increase of weight gain of preterm infants after bathing in all three measurement times was observed comparing to the control group, so it is recommended to use bathing of newborns, especially tub bathing, in the care giving program of the infants hospitalized in newborn's wards and NICUs.

The purpose of the educational system of any country has got an utmost importance. Several factors, such as thinking, learning styles, motivation, environment, family, community, quality of schools, the quality of the players can affect it. Learning and thinking is the fundamental aim of educational systems, and critical thinking is a favorable outcome related to education. Learning styles is also effective which can be achieved through experience and each person can find his own learning style. The motivation of the students, is associated with their learning and academic achievement. The aim of study was to investigate the relationship between learning styles "VARK" with the development of critical thinking, vitality and achievement motivation among students of Urmia University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2015-2014.
This is a cross-correlation study. The population of the study included all undergraduate students in Urmia University of Medical Sciences (2181). 377 people were selected based on Morgan and a multi-stage stratified random sample size. "VARK" as a survey of learning styles, Fleming and Mills (2004), and Watson Glaser as a critical thinking questionnaire, Form (A) (1980) of Dehghanizadeh and HOSSEINCHARI research as academic vitality questionnaire (1391) and Herman’s (1970) as achievement motivation questionnaire, and Cronbach's alpha (0.89) as the reliability criteria were chosen.
The results showed that 68 percent of university students in Urmia University of Medical Sciences applied read and write style, 14 percent have auditory learning styles, and 12 percent used visual learning styles, and 6 percent applied other learning styles. A relationship was observed between "VARK" learning styles and vitality and achievement motivation. VARK learning methods contributed 87.1 percent, developing critical thinking 83.6 percent, liveliness 84.7 percent and achievement motivation contributed 86.9 percent in the learning styles of the students of Urmia University of Medical Sciences.
The results reinforced the learning styles of the students to develop critical thinking. To reach the academic achievement, the vitality and motivation of the students in training centers should be considered at its highest level.

Based on the importance of cancer in all aspects of patient life, this study tries to compare the life quality between cancerous and healthy individuals.
Descriptive and causal-comparative analysis has been used as research method. The sample of this study was 80 cancerous patients, and 80 healthy subjects who were matched by convenience sampling. Purpose of life test (Crumbaugh & Maholick) and Quality of life questionnaires (WHO) were used for gathering data, and multivariate analysis of variance or MANOVA were used for analyzing the data.
The results showed that there is a significant difference between cancerous patients and healthy people based on purpose of life. There is a significant difference between cancerous patients and healthy people concerning all aspects of quality of life (p>/001).
According to the results, there are significant differences among cancerous and healthy people concerning their quality of life.

Cigarette smokers are a vulnerable population because they are exposed to various diseases and the morbidity and mortality rates among them are high. Smoking prevalence is relatively high in Iran, and nursing researchers by qualitative approaches could play a key role in reducing it. This study aimed to identify the smoking patterns in adults by qualitative approach.
The present study was done as a qualitative approach by using conventional content analysis method. Thirty people participated in the study and were evaluated by using techniques including: individual interview, scenario, responding to primary and supplementary questionnaire, responding to cigarette sellers’ questionnaire, and group discussion. To achieve the trustworthiness data we noticed 4 dimensions included: credibility, dependability, confirmability and transferability.
Finding of this study summarized in 5 main categories and 15 subcategories. The pattern of cigarette lightening with 3 subcategories including: dependency to cigarette smoking, observation of cigarette smoking, and conditional behavior. The pattern of provision of cigarette with 3 subcategories including: how to buy cigarette, purchase priority of cigarette, and cigarette smokers’ behavior in the case of not having a cigarette. The pattern of cigarette smoking with 3 subcategories including: do not bother others, unwanted bother of others, and bullying of cigarette smoker. The pattern of cigarette exchanging with 4 subcategories including: requesting of a cigarette, responding to cigarette requesting , offering of cigarette to others, and responding to cigarette offer . Finally, the pattern of increasing the number of cigarette with 2 subcategories including: causes of cigarette increasing and the result of cigarette increasing.
Without identifying the patterns of cigarette smoking, engagment of health team with cigarette smokers will not be correct and the smokers have a defensive behavior against to the personnel of health team. Understanding the cigarette smokers and his/him behaviors as a client including: “how they prepare cigarette and exchange?” “Why they lighten a cigarette?” “What is the benefits of cigarette to smokers?” “A cigarette smoker what manifest behavior when he/she has not a cigarette?” and “Why do smokers with their cigarette smoking cause offense to others?” extremely helpful to establish a proper relationship between the nursing staff and smoker and this relationship can be a platform to educate smokers and quit smoking.