فصلنامه مهندسی فرهنگی
پیاپی 86 (زمستان 1394)

Middle East is one the most alarmed areas of political and cultural conflicts in the world. Conflicts in the Middle East can have various reasons. The author believes that one of the major reasons of these conflicts are the contradiction among three main discourses about the development in this area. Revolutionary Islam discourse, Secular Islam discourse and Salafist Islam discourse, which are supported by three major regional players, have their own certain characteristics that minimize their commonalities. In order to understanding the reasons of conflicts in the Middle East it is necessary to recognize the characteristics of each of the discourses, and then elaborate the political and cultural differences between them. Despite the fact that the major reason of all these discourses is Islam, the main concepts of these discourses are not the same. Understanding the conflicts in the Middle East and their hostility toward each other is not possible without recognizing the building concepts of these discourses. Thus, the article attempts to formulate the discourses with the aim of understanding and explaining the characteristics of three major and influential discourses in the Middle East.

This study is descriptive and by documentary analysis, the objective, principles and methods of moral education from the viewpoint of Imam Khomeini has been studied. The main findings are: 1. the ultimate goal of moral education from the viewpoint of Imam Khomeini is the nearness of God, 2. the objectives include achieving perfection, self-knowledge, looking for truth and understanding it, and reform the relationship between man and God. 3. Ethical principles include piety, Honor, dignity, priority of refinement on education, moderation, serving the people, relying on self-improvement, respecting the right and loyalty. 4. The methods of moral education include: simple life style, avoiding luxury, self- confidence, and self-reliance, respect the students, flexibility and patience, enjoining good and forbidding wrong, instruction exhortation and benevolence, returning to one self, leniency attraction, facilitation, considering the problems and difficulties of students, dealing with people, admonition, negation of mental and practical habits, adherence to the rules of tradition, informing and giving awareness, meditation and calculation of behavior and action.

System of Islamic architecture and urbanism has formed in the context of world view and Islamic culture. Ethics and rights with the claim of arising from culture, tradition and Islamic law include a wide series of issues about living with neighbors. Strong neighborly relations and respecting the right of neighbors has been part of social life in traditional neighborhood in Iran architecture and urbanism; but in contemporary architecture the neighborly relations have been changed. By examining what is happening today in cities of Iran, we can see a kind of abdication from ancient and rich cultural values of inhabitant of this land. Thus the article by examining the implications associated with neighbors and neighbors` right in Islam, seeks to analyze and interpret the realization of that in the body of Islamic architecture and urbanism. The research method is descriptive-analytic. In this study, common ways of data collection such as documentary and field methods have been adapted. The results show, ethics and rights of neighboring have been the most important and constant principle of traditional architecture and urbanism. The realization of concepts in architecture and urbanism, such as security, creating emotional ties with neighbor, observing the boundaries of life, honor and dignity of neighbor have been the architectural response to the recommendation and orders of Quran, Imams and Islamic teaching about the ethics and observing the right of neighboring.

The purpose of the article is pathology of delaying of the age of marriage in Iranian youths. Since there are many reasons that delay the age of marriage and subsequently the consequences and difficulties related to that, this study seeks to identify and analyze the most important individual, familial, economic, social and cultural factors relating to the delaying of the age of marriage. this study adapts documentary analysis. Findings: unemployment, financial problems and fear of future, lack of housing and high rent, continuing education, believe in having a free life, excessive caution in mate selection. Problem of finding appropriate mate for girls, availability of illegitimate satisfaction of sexual desires, poor understanding of families about the needs and wants of the youths, the families interference in selecting spouse, providing the dowry and irrational traditions, have been the most important individual, familial, economic, social and cultural factors in delaying the age of marriage. At the end, some recommendation to improve the situation is presented.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate sustainable development from the perspective of Islam. Muslims believe that Islam is a religion that considers all aspects of human life. Thus, the components of sustainable development can be viewed fromthe perspective of religious doctrine on this issue. Sustainable development can be defined as the process of conscious use of natural resources, future generation can take benefit from better and high quality living, continuous improvement of living standards and sustainable environment. In fact, the concept of sustainable development is considered as a response to the human need that creates abalancebetweenenvironmentalprotection and socio-economic development. Thus, according to the importance of sustainable development, in this paper features and aspects related to sustainable development from the position of Islam will be addressed. This study is a text analyzing investigation and pays attention to importance of three issues of society, economy and environment from the view point of Islam, that are the main building components of above-mentioned concept. At the end, it will be mentioned that these components is taken into consideration in Islam and since the Islamic community is much more familiar with language of religion rather than language of science, using the religious language is effective in guiding individuals and society toward sustainable development.

Virtual social networks in terms of popularity among internal users, interacting privately and free of any control by the authorities, have become an unmatched device in the field of communication and have created an area of influence outside government control and institutions of power in society. This study aims to investigate the sociological effects of new virtual network on personal and social life of citizens of Shahrreza and in terms of type, usage, breadth, scope, wisdom and time is cross-sectional. The method of the study is field study with the techniques of survey and the method of data collection is questionnaire. Statistical population includes all individuals over 18 in Shahrreza and the sample size is 382. This study seeks to investigate the relationship between new virtual networks as the independent variable and family relationships, deformation of the peer groups, and the way of spending the leisure time, feeling human deprivation, social contribution and social health, the moods of individuals as the dependent variable. The results indicate that the new virtual networks has correlation with family relationships (-021/), deformation of the peer groups (037/), human emotions (-027/), social contribution (-034/), social health (017/), moods of individuals (-024/) and has no correlation with way of spending the leisure time.

The purpose of the present research is exploration and evaluation of academic entrepreneurship and Indexes of the entrepreneurial university, with empirical research design and with an emphasis on Fuzzy Inference system. . In terms of data collection, the used method in this study is the survey method and in terms of research purposes, it is an applied research. Statistical population of present study includes of professors, specialists and administrators in Babol Islamic Azad University. In present research, university’s entrepreneurial capacity questionnaire was used that designed by Gibb (2012). ). The findings of Fuzzy Inference system for the research hypotheses showed that, between the target dimensions and indexes in case study university, In fact, none of the indicators were in decent condition, and all hypotheses faced with the possibility of poor reception. Nowadays, entrepreneurial university links the economic development, as a new academic performance, to teaching and research. This is a way of converting knowledge to fund that forms the heart of university`s new mission, makes an stronger links between the knowledge users, and forms the university as an economic operator.