مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گرگان
سال هجدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 59، پاییز 1395)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most endocrine disorder in women. This study was done to determine the effect of N-acetylcysteine with letrozole to induction of ovulation in infertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.
This clinical trail study was carried out on forty PCOS women with normal TSH, prolactin, hysterosalpingographies and normal spermograms. The patients in control group were received letrozole 5 mg/d for 5 days starting at day 3 of the cycle. The patients in interventional group were received letrozole 5 mg/d with NAC 1.2 g/d (group II) for 5 days starting at day 3 of the cycle. On 14th day of cycle, transvaginal ultrasonography was performed to evaluate endometrial thickness and follicles properties. If mature follicle detected, hCG was injected and timed coitus at 12, 36 and 60 hours later advised. β-hCG level was checked on day 16 after hCG injection.
The mean of endometrial thickness and follicles ovulation in hCG injection day was similar in the two groups. The pregnancy rate was 15% and 20% in control and interventional groups, respectively. This difference was not significant. The mean of follicles number was 1.13% and 1.47% in control and interventional groups, respectively. This difference was not significant.
NAC as an adjuvant to letrozole was not effective for ovulation induction in patients with PCOS.

Hospitalization of patients in the intensive care units frequently results in anxiety of the family members. This study was performed to investigate the effect of a family-centered clinical intervention on the anxiety of family members of the patients hospitalized in intensive care units.
In this clinical trail study, eighty family members of the patients hospitalized in the intensive care units were randomly divided into interventional and control groups, respectively. In the interventional group, the family members were allowed to be present at the bedside from the second till the sixth day.The participant's level of anxiety was assessed in the second and the sixth day of patient's hospitalization using hospital anxiety and depression scale. Oral information about the equipment and the regulations and, a daily information card consisting of treatment and care activities, vital signs and patient's level of consciousness was delivered to the participants and their questions were answered.
In the the sixth day, there was a significant difference between the mean anxiety scores in the intervention (11±3.22) and control group (7.05±3.44) (P Providing information, presence at the bedside and participation in the care of their patient increase the anxiety of family members in the first week of patient hospitalization in the intensive care unit.

Hippocampus is the main region in cortex of the brain that involved in epilepsy. This study was done to determine the effect of intraventricular injection of vitamin C on histological structure of dentate gyrus of hipocampus in adult male epileptic rats.
In this experimental study, 40 adult male rats were randomly allocated into 5 groups (n=8). Animals in three groups were received vitamin C at dose (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/bw) during 28 days, intraventricularly after were kindled by (pentylentetrazol; 40 mg/kg). Animals in forth group were received normal saline after were kindled by (pentylentetrazol; 40 mg/kg). Animals in the fifth group were received normal saline. After 28 days, rats were anesthetized by ketamin, then structure of hypocamp dissected. Histological passage was done in samples and coronal section was carried out. The sections of samples were stained by Hematoxyline-eosin. Forty fields systematicly were counted the normal neurons in dentate gyrus. Morphological change was determined by immunohistochemical method.
The mean number of normal neurons in dentate gyrus in epileptic rats which received 25 g/kg vitamin C was more than animals in groups which were received doses of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg vitamin C (P Intraventricular injection of vitamin C in epileptic rat's dose dependly had neuroprotective effect on dentate gyrus neurons.

Transaction or laceration and compression of peripheral nerves in accidents and different circumstances resulting Wallerian degeneration which go back to perikaryon through retrograde reaction. This study was done to determine the effect of alchohlic extract of Achillea wilhelmsii on density of motor neurons of spinal cord after sciatic nerve compression in male Wistar rats.
In this experimental study, 30 male wistar rats were randomly allocated into 5 groups: group A: control, group B: compression, group C: compression and treatment with 50 mg/kg/bw of ethanolic extract, group D: compression and treatment with 75 mg/kg/bw of ethanolic extract and group E: compression and treatment with 100 mg/kg/bw of ethanolic extract of Achillea wilhelmsii. After anesthetizing rats, skin and sub cutaneous muscles of right thigh were cut to sciatic nerve appears. Then, compression of sciatic nerve was done by a surgical forceps for 60 seconds, followed by suturing muscle and skin. Extract injection was done intraperitoneally for three weeks after compression. Group A and B were received normal saline. 28 days after compression, samples were prepared from lumbar spinal cord under perfusion method and histological sections were provided serially. After staining, density of motor neurons was calculated by dissector method.
Neuronal density in the compression group (707±38.56) significantly reduced in compare to control group (1740±49.81), (P Ethanolic extract of Achillea wilhelmsii increased neuronal density of rat's spinal cord after compression of sciatic nerve.

Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic agent which, in high doses, causes liver and kidney necrosis in man and animals. Carthamus tinctorius L. (Safflower) is a colorful and cheap plant that used often instead of saffron. In this study, protective effects of Carthamus tinctorius L. aqueous extract on acetaminophen induced nephrotoxicity in mice were investigated.
In this experimental study, forty adult NMRI male mice were randomly divided into five groups. Group 1 (control group) received normal salin for 15 days. Group 2 received 300 mg/kg Carthamus tinctorius L. extract for 15 days. Group 3 received normal salin for 15 days and 500 mg/kg acetaminophen was given in 15th day. Groups 4 and 5 received daily 150 and 300 mg/kg Carthamus tinctorius L. extract for 15 days, respectively, and acetaminophen was also given in 15th day. In 16th day, blood samples were taken for BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen), Cr (Creatinine) and Uric acid tests, and the mice kidneys were removed for histopathology assessments.
Acute renal necrosis and BUN, Cr and Uric acid levels were significantly increased in acetaminophen treated mice (P Carthamus tinctorius L. extract have protective effects on acute renal injury induced by acetaminophen.

The flowers of Citrus aurantium L. are traditionally used in the treatment of neurological disorders such as seizures, epilepsy and neurasthenia. With regard to the importance of nausea and vomiting and effects of strengthening the stomach of Citrus aurantium L. extract, this study, was done to determine the antiemetic effect of the metabolic, aesthetic and aqueous extract of flowers of Citrus aurantium L. in young chickens.
In this experimental study, induction of emesis was performed in 138 young chickens (23 groups, n=6) using copper sulfate (60 mg/kg, orally) and ipecac (600 mg/kg, orally). The aqueous, methanolic and acetonic extract at doses of 50, 100 and 250 mg/kg/bw were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) and metoclopramide (as positive control). The number of nausea was recorded 50 and 20 minutes after copper sulfate and ipecac administration, respectively.
Our results showed that all kind of extract at doses of 100 and 250 mg/kg significantly inhibited copper sulfate and ipecac induced–emesis that showed better effect than metoclopramide. Also, comparison of antiemetic effect of different extract revealed that methanolic, aqueous and acetonic had better effect on prevention of nausea, respectively in comparision with metoclopramide.
All kinds of Citrus aurantium (Methanolic, Aesthetic and Aqueous) showed antiemetic effect due to copper sulfate and ipecac dose dependly in Young chickenin in comparision with metoclopramide.

Resveratrol is a phenolic herbal compound which has been proposed as antioxidant in combinational therapy of diabetes, cancer and some neurodegenerative diseases. This study was done to evaluate additive effect of trans-resveratrol and imipramine to reduce depressive symptoms in the forced swimming test in mice.
In this experimental study, 56 Swiss Webster male mice were randomly allocated into 6 groups including negative control group (normal saline), positive control (imipramine (10 mg/kg/bw), experimental groups; trans resveratrol (10 mg/kg/bw), Imipiramine (10 mg/kg/bw) and mixtures (with ratio of 1:1 of resveratrol with imipramine (2.5 mg/kg/bw, 5 and 10 mg/kg/bw), intraperitoneally. The forced swimming test has been done for all groups. Through swimming of animals in water, the immobilization times of animals as depressive symptom were recorded.
The immobilization times significantly reduced in animals which were received imipramine 10 mg/kg/bw in compare to control group (P According to additive effect of imipramine with resveratrol we can suggest resveratrol in combinations with other antidepressants to lower their doses and related side effects of chemical drugs.

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of 50% of death in women after menopause. This study was done to evaluate the effect of combined training on cystatin C, high- sensitivity C-reactive protein and some cardiovascular risk factors in sedentary postmenopausal women.
In this quasi -experimental study, 24 sedentary postmenopausal women (50-65 years) were non-randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Women in the experimental group were received a combined training program including aerobic exercise (65-75% of MHR) and resistance exercise (55-65% of 1RM), 4 d/wk for 10 weeks. The control group did not participate in any physical activity. Body weight, BMI, BF%, blood pressure, levels of cystatin C, C-reactive protein, triglyceride, HDL-C and LDL-C were measured before and after study.
Exercise training showed no significant effect on serum levels of cystatin C, C-reactive protein and cardiovascular risk factors such as HDL-C, LDL-C, triglyceride and blood pressure in postmenopausal women.
Short-term combined training with moderate intensity has no effect on cystatin C levels and other cardiovascular risk factors in sedentary postmenopausal women.

Several studies have shown that high level of Endothelin-1 and Malondialdehyde lead to an increase in the risk of coronary artery diseases. This study was done to evaluate the effect of aerobic training on Endothelin-1 and Malondialdehyde in inactive elderly women.
In this quasi -experimental study, 21 inactive elderly women with range of 60-70 year non-randomly divided into experimental (n=11) and control (n=10) groups. The aerobic training including eight weeks aerobic training (with intensity of 50-70 percent of reserve heart rate), 3 times a week, and 60 minutes per session. Endothelin-1 and Malondialdehyde were measured at baseline and at the end of the study.
After eight weeks of aerobic exercise, Endothelin-1 level reduced in intervention group (35.96%) and control group (41.09%) (P Regarding to reducing the serum level of Endothelin-1 in in the control and experimental groups, the aerobic training with moderate intensity did not lead to reduce in levels of serum Endothelin-1 in elderly women.

The growing evidence suggest on the association between dietary patterns and obesity. This study was done to determine the relation between pattern of nutrient intake and obesity in Isfahanian adults.
In this descriptive - analytical study, dietary data were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire in 8,691 subjects aged 18-55 years. Complete data of 6,724 and 5,203 adults were available for general and abdominal obesity, respectively. Daily intakes of 38 nutrients and bioactive compounds were calculated for each participant. Factor analysis was applied to derive major nutrient patterns.
Three major nutrient patterns were identified: 1) pattern high in fatty acids, cholesterol, vitamin B12, vitamin E, zinc, choline, protein, pyridoxine, phosphorus, and pantothenic acid; 2) high in thiamine, betaine, starch, folate, iron, selenium, niacin, calcium, and manganese; and 3) high in glucose, fructose, sucrose, vitamin C, potassium, dietary fiber, copper and vitamin K. Men in the highest quintile of the second pattern were less likely to be generally obese in the fully adjusted model (95% CI: 0.20-0.76, OR: 0.39, P0.05).
Nutrient patterns were significantly associated with general, but not abdominal obesity in the male Iranians participating in SEPAHAN study.

Genuvarum is considered as one of the risk factors for the incidence of osteoarthritis. This study was done to compare the knee joint muscles activity during single leg drop landing from different heights among men with genu varum and men with normal knee.
This case – control study was done on 20 male students with genu varum deformity and 20 male students with normal knee. Genu varum deformity was measured by a kolis and goniometer. Muscle activity of lower limb was recorded with electromyography.
There was significant difference in muscles activity of medialis gastrucnemius, peroneus longus, biceps femoris and gluteus medius in cases and controls (P The changes in the knee normal structure might affect daily activities and possibly lead to in injuries due to physical training.

Pregnancy is a period of women’s life which is usually associated with reducing maternal daily physical activity. However, maintaining adequate daily physical activity is important for mother and fetus. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between exercise before and during pregnancy and gestational diabete mellitus (GDM).
This case-control study was conducted on 80 pregnant women with gestational diabete mellitus and 57 non-diabetic pregnant women. Physical activity during one and eight years before, and first and second trimesters of pregnancy was recorded through interview.
Regular participation in exercise activities in non-diabetic women were significantly more than diabetic women during all periods (P Regular exercise before and during pregnancy can be effective in reducing the probability of GDM. Exercise during one year before and especially second trimester of pregnancy are more important predictors of GDM.

The rise of antibiotic resistance particulary Methicillin resistance in pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus is found to be an emerging threat to human health especially in hospitals. Heavy metal nanoparticles such as Ag used for inhibition of this bacterium. This study was done to determine of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) Ag nanoparticle against Staphylococcus aureus which isolated in Gorgan, north of Iran and its relation with Methicillin resistance and source of bacteria.
In this descriptive – analytical study, the MIC Ag nanoparticle in 183 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus by microdilution method was determined. 30 isolates, based on mecA gene was considered as MRSA. Samples were collected from patients, nose of healthy carriers and foods. Compare the MIC of isolates based on Methicillin resistance, source of the bacteria and resistance to other antibiotics were assessed.
Out of 183 samples MIC was varied from 1 to 16 µg/ml, and mean±std was 2.9±1.89 µg/ml. MIC mean of silver nanoparticles in isolated from foods were 2±0.7, isolared from healthy carriers were 4.1±2.4 and from patients were 3.4±2.1 µg/ml and were statically significant (P There is a relation between silver nanoparticle MIC, source of sample isolation, Methicillin and gentamycin resistance. Since MIC of silver nanoparticles on isolates of Methicillin resistant is low, the possibility of its use in the control of MRSA in hospital infections can be considered as a prime attention the Gentamycine.

Probiotc bacteria have benefical effect on consumer health. This study was done to investigate the antimicrobial effect of several probiotic in combinations with different prebiotics against food patoghenic bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes.
In this descriptive - analytical study, probiotics including Lactobacillus plantarum, L. acidophilus, L. fermntum, L. casei and L. rhamnosus with prebiotics (1%) including raffinose, lactulose, inulin and trehalose were cultured in MRS broth for 24 hours at 30ºC in anaerobic conditions. Antimicrobial property of them was determined with well diffusion plate's method.
Probiotics in the presence of prebiotics indicated the higher antimicrobial effect compared to probiotics alone (P Antimicrobial effect of probiotics in combination with prebiotics against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes was higher than probiotics consumption alone.

The adoption of methods for increasing the shelf life of dairy products by using natural preservatives is necessary. This study was done to determine the antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract of orange peel and its effect on the shelf life of flavored milks.
In this descriptive –analytical studty the antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract of orange peel was investigated by using disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by successive dilution of culture broth and then its impact on the shelf life of milk.
In disk diffusion method and MIC the antimicrobial effect of aqueous extract of orange peel was more effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans and less effective on Escherichia coli. The growth diameter of disk diffusion method in aqueous extract of orange peel was 7.11, 29.06 and 50 mm for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, respectively. The inhibitory concentration in the aqueous extract of orange peel was 15, 2 and 2 mg/ml, respectively. Also 0.17 g/ml of aqueous extract of orange peel in milk reduced the growth of microorganisms at the time of 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Temperature affected the growth of Candida albicans in the milk, so that the growth of microorganisms reduced with decreasing temperature (P This study showed that the antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract of orange peel on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans in vitro and in the milk.

Smoking is one of the important risk factors for many diseases and increases the premature death.Transtheoretical models is one of the behavioral models for behavior understanding specifically in addictive behaviors. This study was done to evaluate the application of transtheoretical model to determination of smoking behavior among smokers.
This descriptive - analytical study conducted on 450 male smokers in Gorgan, northern Iran during 2014. Data gathering instruments were Diclemente smoking stages of change, Velicer decisional balance and temptation, Prochaska processes of change measurements along Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependency.
Based on the stages of changes, 39.1%, 13.8%, 42.4%, 2.7% and 2% of subjects were in precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance stage, respectively. There was a significant relationship between stages of change with all transtheoretical model variables and nicotine dependency (P Cons of smoking, self-reevaluation, self-liberation, and social liberation had the strongest predictors of smoking stages movement. Helping relationship had the lowest predictor of smoking stages movement.

Iran remains a major stronghold for glanders in the Middle East. In Iran, the non-indigenous Burkholderia mallei Razi 325 strain is used in manufacturing of the mallein, required for malleination of animals. Multi Locus Variable number tandem repeat analysis is currently the standard globally accepted genotyping system for Burkholderia mallei. This study was done to survey the genomic structure of Burkholderia mallei Razi 325, the strain used for industrial production of Mallein.
In this descriptive study, a MLVA genotyping system with 4 previously-characterized loci VNTR140, VNTR1367, VNTR2065, VNTR2971 along with two new loci of VNTR24, VNTR41 was used.
Optimization of PCRs resulted in a single protocol that enabled simultaneous amplification of all the six loci. Sequencing of PCR products revealed there were 2, 3, 12, 6, 1 and 2 copies of the unit repeat hold in the genome of the Burkholderia mallei Razi 325 strain. This observation was extended to include the already-whole genome sequenced Chinese Burkholderia mallei ATCC 23344 and Burkholderia mallei BMQ and also Burkholderia mallei SAVP1 strains.
The Burkholderia mallei Razi 325 strain is distinguishable from the other three strains through MLVA genotyping method.

Sexual abuse including rape is a serious problem in one socity. One of the serious consequences of rape is depression. This study was done to determine the prevalence of depression among women complaining of rape in Tehran, Iran (2013).
This descriptive study was carried out on 130 rape victims whom referred to the legal medicine center in Tehran, Iran during 2013. Beck questionnaire scale was used to determining of depression among women.
The age range of 57% of victims of rape was between 20-30 years old. 48% of victims of rape were married .The rate of depression in victims of rape was 47.7%. Low, moderate and sever of depression was observed in 58%, 27.5% and 14.5% of the victims, respectively.
High prevalence of depression was determined in victims of rape in Tehran, Iran.

Gum diseases and dental caries are the most prevalent diseases in societies with different cultures particularly among pregnant women. This study was done to evaluate the oral health status of pregnant women in Gonbad Kavous, northern Iran.
This descriptive - analytical study was conducted on 400 pregnant women aged 20 to 40 years old in Gonbad Kavous, northern Iran during 2010-11. Demographic and oral examination information was recorded in a chick list. The obtained data were evaluated by DMFT index (Decay, Missing, and Filling Teeth) and OHI-S index (Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified).
The average of DMFT index was 3.29±6.21. There was a significant difference between the place of birth and place of residence of pregnant women with DMFT index (P DMFT index was high in pregnant women in northern Iran.

Changing of lifestyle in women and increasing their social activity especially in working places can affect women’s sexual quality of life (SQOL). This study was done to determine the affecting factors on sexual quality of life among hospital employee's women.
This descriptive - analytical study was carried out on 121 women who work in the two hospitals in Sabzevar city and Birjand city in Iran during 2014. Data was collected using two questionnaires including the Iranian version of sexual quality of life-female (SQOL-F) questionnaire and a researcher-made measure to assess demographic characteristics, health related, and work-related variables.
The mean±SD score of SQOL-F was 80.1±19.7. The univariate analysis showed that the mean score of SQOL-F significantly related with age (P This study showed that educational level, marital duration and quality of sleep were predictors of SQOL-F scores among hospital employee's women.

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANEC) is a rare illness with high incidence in East Asia. It is accompanied with respiratory infection, gastrointestinal infections, and high fever with quick impaired consciousness, and convulsion. In this case report, Turkmen 6 month's girl that was introduced after an infection with no disease or clinical abnormalities. She was vaccinated accordingly; initially she had fever with generalized tonic-clonic convulsion (seizures) for 5 to 10 minutes level of consciousness decreased later on. She was transferred to Talghani Medicat Education center in nortern Iran. At the time of admition her vital signs were as below: RR: 30, GCS: 8-9, RP: 110, BP: 90/80. In the patient's history, there was neither Trauma history, nor food or drug poisoning, also no clinical history. After convulsion, the level of consciousness decreased and serum biochemistry showed normal electrolytes concentration. In further follow - up, AST increased to 98 units, ALT to 58 units, and ammonium to 215 units. In CSF Sample, protein level increased to 330 units, without any avidences of pleocytosis, blood, or Serum glucose drop. In CT without contract, hypodensity the cornea in thalamus and caudate cores were seen in 2 sides. The ventricles were normal and there were no signs of bleeding and pressure. In brain M.R.I, abnormal signal in 2 sides, blood samples cultivation, CSF, and testing urine for bacterial infection were negative. The patient was diagnosed with necrotizing encephalopathy and subsequently was treated with metyle prednisolone (20 mg daily). During hospitalization, level of consciousness increased and fever stopped. There was not recurrence of convulsion, but the patients still had some problems in moving, verbal and communication.