فصلنامه فیزیولوژی و بیوتکنولوژی آبزیان
سال یکم شماره 1 (پای ی ز 1392)

Anzali wetland¡ one of the most important ecosystems¡ located in the south of the Caspian Sea (lat. 37º28΄ N: lon. 49º25΄ E)¡ receives a large amount of urban¡ agronomic and industrial swages. Nonethless it is a main place to brees¡ to grow up and to take winters for waterfowls. Twelve Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus Linnaeus¡ 1758) have collected alive from four stations on Anzali wetland¡ during April 2010. Histopathological investigation were shown clear alterations in liver tissues withdegeneration of hepatocytes¡ pigments macrophage aggregation¡ rupture of cells with dilation of diss space¡ congestion and haemorrhage¡ hemosiderin pigments aggregation. Aggregation of leukocyte infiltration¡ capillary dilation¡ hypertrophy¡ degeneration and shrinkage of the cells¡ affected portion of the kidney¡ glomerular expansion and absence of the Bowman’s space¡ tubular epithelial cell hypertrophy¡ were also observed in kidney tissues. Results of the present stude were revealed that kidney and liver tissues of Common Moorhen can be investigated as a pollution bioindicator in Anzali wetland¡ due to their relatively long period of wintering migratory and also high polluted body of ecosystem in Anzali wetland area.

This study investigated the effects of light colour and photoperiod on hematological parameters in female Sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus, broodstock. A total of 36 fish were reared for 6 months under four treatments; two light colours (blue & red) and two light regimes (18L:6D &6L:18D) with light intensity of 150 Luxin three replicates. Blood parameters including white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), haematocritpercent (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were measured during the three (Previtellogenesis, VitellogenesisandFinal maturation) reproductive stages. The results of this study revealed no significant difference (P >0.05) in different haematological parameters among the treatments. However, the levels of Hct, Hb, MCV, MCH, and MCHC were considerably (P0.05). The results suggest that reproductive stage has more effect on hematological parameters compared with light changes.

Heterocystous filamentous cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. plays an important role in primary production of aquatic ecosystems wetlands. In the summer cyanobacteria bloom can occur in the nutrient rich waters (eutrophication). They also produced animportant source of secondary metabolites. In this study Anabaena sp. from Guilan wetlands were isolated and purified. Identification was carried out using reliable identification. At first, growth curve of Anabaena sp. were measured in three replicates for 20 days in growth chamber in terms of temperature, 24 ± 2 0C, photo period 16 hours light and light intensity 60 μmol photon m-2S-1. In order to measure chlorophyll pigments, two different methods were used: 1) 90℅ ethanol (China method) and 2) 90℅ aceton (American method) and the phycobiliproteins assay were performed based on Siegelman method. Phytochemical tests for the presence of alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid and saponin in the ethanol extract were used.Basedonthe results of measuring the amount of chlorophyll pigments, no significant difference between the two methods. However China method due to the non-toxic and inexpensive solvent and also measure timeless is preferred. Based on results, the presence of significant amount of phycobiliprotein pigments in cyanobacter were shown. Unique color and antioxidant properties of phycobiliprotein pigments due to the wide applications in the fields of medicine and health care. The alkaloids and saponins were shown as the major bioactive compounds in cyanobacteria isolated from the native wetlands in Guilan.

Antioxidant and antibacterial potential of hydro-alcoholic extracts of 3 marine green, brown and red algae species were investigated.According to the Trolex antioxidant potential test, Entreromorpha intestinalis (green algae) and Gracilaria corticata (red algae) showed the highest and the lowest amounts of total phenol and the best antioxidant activity, respectively. In this test, the most inhibitory percent were calculated in green algae and the lowest percent were from Cystoseiramyrica (brown algae). According to the Azinobis ethyl thiazolinesolphonic test (ABTS, 50mg/ml), green algae and brown algae showed the highest and the lowest amounts of total phenol and the best antioxidant activity, respectively. Hydro-alcoholic extracts from these different species had no antibacterial effect on two species of bacteria, which were tested in this study.

To investigate histometrical changes in renal tubules of Orange spotted Grouper, Epinephelus coioides, 640 juvenile individuals (4±0.7g, 4±0.5mm) were exposed to different environmental salinities (5, 20, 40 and 60 ppt) for a period of 56 days. At each sampling time (day 1, 14, 28 and 56) 3 fish from each tank (9 fish per treatment) were sampled. Samples were fixed in Bouin's solution and following routine histological procedure, 5μm sections were stained using Hematoxylin and Eosin. Histomorphometrical indices in kidneys were evaluated in microscopic sections. Wall thickness of renal tubules showed no changes in different salinities up to the end of the experimental period. Lumen diameter in proximal tubule was increased in 10 and 20 ppt 24 hours after changing in salinity, but it returned to the control size at the next sampling times. Lumen diameter in distal tubule in 10 ppt decreased at day 1 but it increased in 60ppt at day 14. Orange spotted Grouper successfully adapted to lower and higher salinities than sea water and alterations in renal tubules returned to the normal conditions during the first week from the beginning of salinity stress.

Density, mitotic index and cell size of Symbiotic dinoflagellates of reef building coral "Porites compressa" of Larak Island, Khark Island and Nay band Bay was studied. Corals of Larak Island that are near to strait of Hormoz have exposed to high nutrients from Oman Sea. Corals of Nayband Bay are always exposed to high environmental stress because of developement in oil and gas activities for about 15 years. Corals of Khark Island located in western north Persian Gulf are exposed to organic matter, oil activities and fresh waters. According to ANOVA analysis, the density and cell size of zooxanthellae in corals of Larak Island is higher than from other locations, and also showed significantly different to Khark Island. In addition, there have not seen significant difference among all of factors between Larak Island and Nay band Bay and between Khark Island and Nay band Bay.