International journal of basic science in medicine
Volume:1 Issue: 2, Dec 2016

In normal cells when genetic defects occur, there are some sensitive mechanisms through which the defect might be repaired or apoptosis might be induced. However in tumor cells such mechanisms are not highly sensitive; therefore they cannot detect such abnormalities. This failure in detection and/or repair of the genetic abnormality results in the survival of abnormal cells. This survival is followed up with growth of the cells without normal control and ultimately leads to the rise of malignant clones in the body. Pathways in which these malignant transformations occur, are increasingly being studied to ­final effective treatments for different carcinomas.

Context: As a globally major health problem, tuberculosis (TB) causes almost two million cases of death annually. Epidemiological studies demonstrate that a third of the world’s individuals is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Evidence Acquisition: Approximately 10% of infected patients with M. tuberculosis develop chronic manifestation as TB. Due to HIV coinfection and emerging the drug-resistant TB, the disease has been increasing and its control has been frustrated in several parts of the world.
Current diagnostic techniques and therapeutic tools for TB are not satisfactory. Consequently, it is urgently essential to establish new therapies concerning vaccines, immunotherapeutic agents to provide prosperous attempts for TB controlling. To achieve this goal, it is required to be armed with comprehensive understanding of immunobiology and immunopathogenesis of TB. This would be beneficial in designing new immune-based protections, drug discoveries, personalized medicine by choosing highly-effective immunotherapeutic interventions, identification and development of novel drug candidates.
Hopefully, immunotherapies could be advantageous in modulating the immune system in patients with TB, providing efficient control of M. tuberculosis infection perpetuation and, therefore, its pathogenesis. This review herein attempts to describe the function of immune system in response to TB that is of the therapeutical and clinical importance. Moreover, new insights based on therapeutics to resolve TB with immunological orientation will be discussed.

Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are small molecules that modulate the translation of target mRNA through binding to these molecules. In cancer, the expression of oncogenes and suppressors are increased and decreased, respectively. MiRNAs are one of the causing factors in the formation of cancer. To collect data, research articles in PubMed and Google Scholar were searched under keywords including breast cancer and micro-RNA. The data obtained from articles published in prestigious journals showed that some miRNAs are involved in the suppression and some in the induction of cancer cell growth in breast cancer tissue. Some of them are also involved in the aggression and metastasis. According to the obtained results, it seems that assessing miRNAs in breast cancer tissue can be considered as a potential candidate for prognosis and may be used in pre-diagnosis of the disease in near future.

Patellofemoral pain syndrome is one of the most prevalent problems in physically active people. The syndrome is a multifactorial disorder with different therapeutic approaches. Conservative treatment of the syndrome has been a crucial matter in different studies. Quadriceps muscle strengthening exercise is a recommended approach which is performed in forms of open and closed kinetic chain exercises. This study was designed to compare the efficacy of these exercises on this syndrome.
Totally 30 women suffering from the syndrome aged 30-40 were randomly allocated into three groups: open, and closed kinetic chain exercises, and control group, as groups A, B, and C, respectively. Groups A and B participated in 28 sessions of exercises in a period of four weeks and group C did not do any exercise in this period. Before and after the period, pain and function of the participants were assessed using visual analog scale (VAS) and Kujala patellofemoral scale, respectively. Data were analyzed using independent t test, dependent t test, and univariate variance analysis, while significance of data was determined at P The study indicated that open kinetic chain exercises (group A) for 4 weeks brought significant changes in relieving the pain along with improving the function (P = 0.001). Likewise, it was revealed a significant pain relief as well as function improvement in group B (P = 0.001). Comparing two groups illustrated that benefits of open kinetic chain exercises outweigh closed ones (P = 0.001).
Overall, both exercises were efficient in relieving pain as well as improving function, however open kinetic chain exercises were more contributory.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an acute viral and potentially fatal disease that is endemic in the south east of Iran, especially Sistan and Baluchestan. This study aimed to measure the serum levels of interferon-[1]r (IFN-[1]r) in the patients with CCHF, considering the disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) severity. The second aim was to determine the correlation between the serum levels of IFN-[1]r and DIC severity using the guidance of diagnosis and treatment of the CCHF.
Thirty-seven patients with CCHF were studied. The diagnosis was made, based on the detection of viral RNA by real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and by positive serology. These patients, based on the severity of DIC, were divided into two groups. The serum levels of IFN-[1]r were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and compared between these two groups. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS 20.0 and non-parametric statistical tests were used for analyses.
The mean serum levels of IFN-[1]r were lower in the patients with CCHF on the ­rst day compared to the ­fth day of admission (P The serum levels of IFN-[1]r were lower in the patients with severe CCHF, and their evaluation may be used as a marker for the diagnosis of disease severity.

Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a functional disorder without any determined cause, though some motility disorders are considered in stream of this syndrome. There is no clear treatment for CVS and all treatments are borrowed from treatment of other similar diseases such as migraine. Clinical practice guideline instructs the pediatricians and pediatric gastroenterologists for treatment of CVS in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Since there is no practical guideline for the empirical management of CVS, this guideline was prepared for framing the treatments in a scienti­c and simple way for this disorder.

Given the extent of asthma, the Emotional Intelligence Theory provides a new perspective about predicting effective factors for success and primary prevention of mental disorders as well. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of emotional intelligence training on the quality of life in patients with asthma.
Method of the project has been quasi-experimental that 30 asthmatic patients (confirmed by clinical tests) were selected for sampling and divided into two experimental and control groups (each group had 15 persons) randomly. The experimental group received training in emotional intelligence in 10 sessions of 90 minutes, but the control group did not receive this training. The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) scales were performed in two stage pre- and post-test for both groups. After collecting, data, were analyzed using SPSS version 22.
The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence [EI] and quality of life, and also there was a significant difference between the mean scores of post-test experimental and control groups on measures of physical health and quality of life in asthmatic patients .(PAccording to the results achieved in this study, emotional intelligence [EI] can be improved quality of life patients suffering from asthma.