فصلنامه آسیب شناسی درمانگاهی دامپزشکی
سال نهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 33، بهار 1394)

Antibiotics are generally used to increase the immune response and wound healing of aquatic animals but due to the residual effects of these drugs, researchers are looking to replace them with natural materials such as medicinal plant extract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of Falcaria vulgaris on wound healing and enhancement of immune system in common carp (Cyprinus carpio).The effect of Falcaria vulgaris at concentrations of 0, 2 and 10% with Lofag foods used on wound healing, immune response, and weight gain and survival of common carp was investigated during a 21 day period with twice per day feeding on the basis of body weight. The results showed that using Falcaria vulgaris at the 10% concentration had the greatest effect on wound healing, stimulation of the immune system by increasing white blood cells, weight gain and survival of carp in comparison with the control group. This herb can be used in wound healing, increasing resistance to disease and weight gain of common carp.

Testicular heat shock even for a single short period can induce destruction in testicular tissue and disturbances spermatogenesis. Pioglitazone is an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative drug which is used widely in diabetic patients. The main aim of this study is evaluation of effect of pioglitazone on testicular tissue after scrotal heat shock. For this purpose, 54 male Wistar rats were randomly divided in to 9 of 6 rats. In the first three groups which were used as control, the scrotum of animals were submerged in 230c water. In the other three groups (treatment 1), the scrotum was submerged in 430c water for 15 minutes and then the animals received normal saline for 15, 30 and 60 days. In the final three groups (treatment 2) after scrotal heat shock induction, pioglitazone was injected at a dose of 20 mg/kg for 15, 30 and 60 days. At the end of the experimental periods, testicular tissue samples were obtained for pathological and histomorphometerical studies. The results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey test and p

The liver is one of the largest and most active organs of the body. One of the most important functions of the liver is its involvement in lipid metabolism, production of bile and excretion of waste products through bile. The purpose of the present research is to examine the prevalence of gallstones in the buffaloes slaughtered in the city of Tabriz and to evaluate some of their hepatic parameters. In this study, blood samples of 100 Buffaloes aged 4-5 years were taken prior to slaughter as well as their postmortem gallbladder samples. The blood sera were isolated and parameters such as Cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, ALT and ALP were measured by colorimetric method. The gallbladder specimens were opened and evaluated for the presence or absence of stones. The laboratory analysis of gallstones was carried out through biochemical kit method. Of 100 buffalos, ten were found to have gallstones, composed of bilirubin calcium, cholesterol, calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate, respectively. Of the parameters evaluated, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline-phosphatase levels had increased significantly. Gallstones can block bile excretion, thereby causing damage to the liver.

This study was done in order to determine the parasitic fauna of ornamental fish in Qazvin province during 6 months between winter to spring 2014. For this purpose, 240 dying fish from 12 ornamental fish farms were selected randomly and each sample was examined for ectoparasites in parasitology laboratory overall 11 farms in winter and 12 farms in spring were infected by Ichthyophthirius, Chilodonella, Dactylogyrus, Gyrodactylus and Trichodina. There was a significant difference between the rate of infestation and the breed of fish. Ciclid was the most infested breed and Severum was the least infected. The highest infestation rate belongs to Ichthyophthirius and the lowest infestation rate belongs to Chilodonella (p<0.05) there was a significant correlation between the type of aquarium water source and infestation rate (p<0.05). Infection was higher where well water was used. There was a relationship between infection and water temperature which the highest infection rate observed at temperatures above 30
oC
and the lowest at 25-28
oC
.
This is the first survey in Qazvin province and the results shows the infestation of ornamental fish with ectoparasites in this area.

In the present study, the uveal coats of 20 healthy adult ostriches were studied anatomically and histologically. At first, the appearance, dimension, structure and vicinity of choroid, ciliary body and iris were evaluated macroscopically. Then they were studied microscopically after preparing histological slides and staining by H&E, Verhoeff, Van Gieson, and P.A.S. Tapetum lucidum was not seen in the choroid. The average thickness of ciliary body was measured as 1.48±0.01 centimeters. Moreover, the number of macroscopic ciliary body process in the ostrich eye was about 120. Iris thickness in the normal state is 0.7 centimeters and the diameter of pupil was measured as 1.2 centimeters. Pupil is round shaped in ostrich. There is a hyaline cartilage membrane between the sclera and choroid. There is bruch's membrane in the choroid and the total thickness of the choroid was measured as 350 µm. The ciliary body was supported by a hyaline cartilage. Skeletal muscle fibers in the ciliary body were seen as separated masses. Epithelium is lacking on the anterior surface of the iris. Iridial muscle fibers were smooth. The posterior epithelium of the iris had two pigmented layers with the inner layer acting as myoepithelial cells. In conclusion, the uveal coat of ostrich was similar to other birds although there were little differences in anatomical dimensions and histological characteristics

This study was conducted to identify the fungi isolated from conjunctival sac of clinically normal Persian Kurd horses of Tabriz, north western Iran and to determine the effect of sex and age variations on the frequency of isolates. Forty horses (17 females and 23 males), aged 2-30 years, without clinical evidence of external ocular inflammation were selected and divided into two age groups (less than 10 years and over 10 years). Samples were taken from both conjunctival sacs of horses and seeded on the sabouraud dextrose agar and malt extract agar. Plates were incubated at 25°C for 7 days. Data were analyzed by Chi-square, Fisher's exact and Kendall Tau tests using SAS 9.1. Filamentous fungi and yeasts comprised 82.35% and 17.65% of total isolates, respectively. The most frequent isolate was Aspergillus species (38.82 %) followed by Penicillium spp (14.12%), Fusarium spp (8.24%), Chladosporium, Mucor and Scopulariopsis spp (5.88%), Pseudallescheria, Rhodotorula and Trichoderma spp (1.18 %). Gender had a significant effect on frequency of fungal isolation (p<0.05). Isolation of fungi decreased with increasing age but there was no significant correlation between them (p= 0.064, r= - 0.225). In conclusion, the frequency of fungal species isolated from conjunctival sac of clinically normal Kurd horses was influenced by gender. Generally, the fungal species isolated in our study are comparable with similar studies performed on horses in other regions.

The use of herbal medicine instead of antibiotics for treatment of livestock and poultry disease could have many beneficial implication due to their multiplex activities. This study has investigated the effects of cinnamon extract on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression level in liver and lipid profile alterations in serum of healthy and Escherichia coli infested broiler chickens. Ninety Ross-308 broilers in healthy or E.coli-infected groups were received normal diet or diet supplemented with cinnamon extract in concentrations of 100 or 200 mg/kg of diet. E. coli suspension (108cfu/ml) was injected subcutaneously after 12 days of cinnamon administration. Seventy-two hours after E. coli injection, blood samples were taken for analysis of lipid profile alterations in serum, and then liver tissue samples were obtained for detection of COX-2 gene expression using real-time PCR. Infection with E. coli significantly decreased the levels of COX-2 gene expression as well as some variables of lipid profile including triglyceride level as compared with the control group (p<0.05). Pre-administration of cinnamon extract in broilers diet (in both concentrations) significantly reduced the tissue levels of COX-2 gene expression and triglyceride levels in serum of broiler chickens infected with E. coli in comparison with E. coli-alone group (p<0.05). The cinnamon extract could not induce statistically significant effects on the tested parameters in healthy broilers. Thus, pre-administration of cinnamon extract in diets of broiler chickens may be capable of reducing the inflammatory and oxidative injuries induced by pathologic conditions such as infection with E. coli.

The healing of full-thickness wounds has always attracted attention due to disruption of the healing process that leads to prolonged recovery period. Therefore, the quest for finding clinically effective wound-healing agents is important in the medical management of full-thickness wounds. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Malva sylvestris hydroethanolic leaf extract on wound healing process in 54 male rats. Two standardized circular surgical full-thickness excisional wounds with a diameter of 7mm were created in the dorsal skin of vats in all three groups. The rats in the two treatment groups were treated with ointments containing 1.5% and 3% of the extract mixed with yellow soft paraffin, whereas the rats in the control group were only treated with yellow soft paraffin. Treatments were applied immediately after wounding and also for 16 consecutive days post-wounding. Wound-healing was assessed microscopically in terms of the initiation of neo-dermal tissue deposition and wound closure over a 16-day period. Significant increase in wound contraction rate was seen in the treatment groups, especially the 3% group, compared to the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, the inflammatory cell score showed a decrease, whereas new vessel formation, fibroblast distribution, collagen production and epidermis thickness increased in Malva sylvestris hydroethanolic leaf extract-treated animals. These results suggest that the topical application of Malva sylvestris hydroethanolic leaf extract has beneficial effects on full-thickness excisional wound healing.