مجله زنان مامائی و نازائی ایران
سال نوزدهم شماره 222 (دی 1395)

Menstruation leads to bleeding and anemia; while endurance training causes erythropoiesis and stimulates hematopoiesis; therefore, this study was performed with aim to evaluate the effects of 6 weeks aerobic exercise training on blood hematological factors in adolescence girls.
This semi-experimental study was performed on 20 girls aged 11-12 years old in 2014. The subjects were randomly enrolled in two groups (Experimental and Control). Experimental group performed aerobic exercise for three sessions per week for six weeks. The control group continued the usual daily activities. Before and after the exercise programs, complete blood count (CBC; using the blood samples) and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max; using 1600 meters running and walking) were measured. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software (version 16) and dependent and independent t-test, Kolmogorov Smironov, and Shapiro-Wilk tests. P
Increase of VO2max was significant after exercise in experimental group (P=0.018). The value of RBC, HGB, and HCT significantly increased after exercise in two groups (P0.05).
Six weeks of aerobic exercise are significantly effective in VO2max without significant changes in other hematological factors in adolescence girls.

Menstruation leads to bleeding and anemia; while endurance training causes erythropoiesis and stimulates hematopoiesis; therefore, this study was performed with aim to evaluate the effects of 6 weeks aerobic exercise training on blood hematological factors in adolescence girls.
This semi-experimental study was performed on 20 girls aged 11-12 years old in 2014. The subjects were randomly enrolled in two groups (Experimental and Control). Experimental group performed aerobic exercise for three sessions per week for six weeks. The control group continued the usual daily activities. Before and after the exercise programs, complete blood count (CBC; using the blood samples) and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max; using 1600 meters running and walking) were measured. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software (version 16) and dependent and independent t-test, Kolmogorov Smironov, and Shapiro-Wilk tests. P Increase of VO2max was significant after exercise in experimental group (P=0.018). The value of RBC, HGB, and HCT significantly increased after exercise in two groups (P0.05).
Six weeks of aerobic exercise are significantly effective in VO2max without significant changes in other hematological factors in adolescence girls.

HSPs70 are included in the large family of proteins that their severely protected structures show their important role in cell main processes structure and act as molecular requirement of others proteins. Existence of this protein in people with breast cancer indicates survival of cancer. This study was performed with aim to determine the effect of interval training on HSP70 and some inflammatory markers among women with breast cancer.
This study was performed on 30 women with breast cancer in Khoramabad at 2014. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups including control (n = 15) and interval (n = 15). The experimental group performed the exercises for eight weeks, three sessions per week. The blood samples were taken 48 hours before and after the tests in order to investigate the study's variables (HSP70, VO2peak, Il6, insulin). Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 19) and dependent and independent t-test. P Eight weeks of interval training caused significant reduction in IL-6 and insulin (P=0.015). Interval training also increased VO2peak and decreased HSP70 in women with breast cancer.
Eight weeks of interval training significantly reduce the level of HSP70, IL-6 and insulin and significantly increase VO2peak in women with breast cancer.

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a major complication of delivery. Active management of third stage of labor decreases the risk of postpartum hemorrhage. This study was to assess the effect of dextrose on third stage of vaginal delivery.
This clinical trial study was performed on 120 pregnant women referred to maternity ward of Shahid Mustafa Khomeini Hospital in Ilam between 2012 and 2013. The subjects were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to two groups of dextrose and oxytocin. After fetus expolsion, the dextrose group received 200 cc dextrose 10 % and oxytocin group received 20 units oxytocin per 1000 ml serum ringer by intravenus infusion. Then, the length of third stage of labor was recorded in minute. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) and independent t-test and Chi-square. P Two groups were similar in maternal and neonatal characteristics. Mean length of third stage of labor in dextrose group (5.11±1.28 min) was significantly shorter than oxytocin group (7.86±1.14 min) (P=0.001). There was no case of placental retention or need for manual removal of placenta in both groups.
Active management of third stage of labor with administration of dextrose 10% as noninvasive method can significantly reduce the duration of the third stage of labor.

Lactobacillus is the most important factor for protection of vaginal normal flour. No existence of vaginal normal flour provide the background for fungal infections. Vaginitis candidiasis is the most common reason for women referral that azole agents are used for its treatment that have many side-effects. Honey is a nonchemical treatment with anti-fungal property that seems has the ability to affects vaginal normal flour. This study was performed with aim to compare the effects of vaginal honey gel with clotrimazole cream on vaginal normal flour.
This single-blind randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 106 women with vaginitis candidiasis in Tabriz health centers at 2015. The samples were enrolled to the study with clinical complaints such as itching, burning, positive cultures and other inclusion criteria. Then, they were randomly divided into clotrimazole cream and honey gel groups (53 in each group). After the end of eighth day treatment, culture and examination were again performed. The obtained results were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22) and Minitab, Friedman, general mix model, Chi-square, and independent t tests. P In honey group, after treatment completion and improvement of clinical symptoms, lactobacillus increased that the difference was significant compared with before treatment (P Honey in addition to treatment of vulvovaginitis candidiasis, does not change vaginal normal flour compared to clotrimazole.

Maternal health literacy during pregnancy represents the cognitive and social skills which determine the motivation and ability of women to gain and apply the useful knowledge. This study was performed with aim to investigate the association between maternal health literacy level with pregnancy care and its outcomes.
This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was performed in 2015 on 120 pregnant women referred to health centers of Mashhad to perform prenatal care. The subjects were selected by multistage randomized cluster sampling method. Data was collected by using Maternal Health Literacy and Pregnancy Outcome Questionnaire (MHLAPQ). Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 15) and descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Tukey and Pearson correlation. P The mean score of maternal health literacy was 42.47±7.54, so that the least score was 21 and the most 56. There was significant relationship between maternal health literacy and educational level, incomes, living place, number of pregnancy, time of starting care and the number of care taken during pregnancy, birth weight, supplements consumption and anemia (P There is significant relationship between maternal health literacy with prenatal care, pregnancy outcomes and birth weight that shows the necessity of more attention to maternal health literacy in health promotion programs.

Fertility decline has been a social problem in recent years. According to the role of women in childbearing, this study was performed with aim to compare childbearing among working women and housewives who referred to health centers of Shahid Beheshti University and selected centers of Ministry Education in Tehran.
This cross-sectional study was performed on 273 housewives who referred to health centers of Tehran Shahid Beheshti University and 267 women working in health centers and hospitals. Data collection tool was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 20) and T-test, Chi- square, Mann-Whitney, Logistic regression and Poisson test. P The second child was more among working women (P=0.001). The childbearing chance among working women was two times higher than housewives (P=0.008). The desire to having a son in housewives was more than working women (P=0.014). There was no difference between education's level and number of child among women (P=0.36).
Women's working has a positive impact on childbearing.

The amount of physical activity as a key component of a healthy lifestyle is low than necessary in women. Health educational interventions based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) are effective in promotion of physical activity. This study was performed with aim to evaluate the effect of health educational interventions based on the theory of planned behavior to promote physical activity in women's health volunteers of Shushtar health centers.
This interventional study was performed on 110 health volunteers of Shushtar health centers in 2015. The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups of control and intervention. Data were collected by the questionnaire of demographic characteristics, TPB scale, International Physical Activity Questionnaire and heart rate test (by Polar device). The intervention included three educational sessions and one three-month physical activity program. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 19). P Conducting the health educational program based on TPB led to increased attitude toward the behavior, perceived behavioral control, intention, physical activity and decreased physiological cost index (PCI) 3 months post-intervention in case group (P0.05). Also, subjective norms had no significant change in two group at post-intervention (P>0.05).
Conducting the health educational program based on TPB results in improving physical activity and PCI in health volunteers. It is necessary to design and evaluate educational programs based on theory to increase healthy behaviors in these community.

Vaginal discharge is one of the most common complaints in women which is associated with failure to treatment and recurrence in many cases. Multiple previous studies have investigated its treatment in the view of complementary medicine, but its etiology has been fewer considered. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to investigate the pathophysiology of vaginal discharge in the view of ITM and compare it with common medicine.
In this review study, the causes and semiology of "Sayalan-e Rahem" was collected and categorized from ITM manuscripts such as Bouali Sina Qanoun, Aghili Moalejat, Exir Azam, Teb Akbari, …. Also, pathophysiology of leucorrhea was collected from gynecological textbooks such as Novak and Danforth and databases. Then the findings from two perspectives were compared with each other. The common and differentiations were categorized and two viewpoints were explained.
Based on the ITM's view, any discharge from the vagina is called "Sayalan" which could be normal or abnormal. Abnormal sayalan was considered as "Sayalan-e Rahem". The causes of Sayalan-e Rahem is divided into two groups of uterine and extra uterine. Uterine causes include the weakness of "qowwat-ol-ghadhiyah" of the uterine and extra uterine causes include "imtila of any humors" and loos them from the uterus and vaginal discharge. Based on common medicine, leucorrhea can be physiologic and pathologic. Pathologic leucorrhea is known as vaginitis and is divided based on the types of organism that causes infection.
Sayalan in ITM equivalents as leucorrhea in common medicine. Normal Sayalan is also equivalent to physiologic leucorrhea. The causes of pathologic include only infectious factors, while the causes of Sayalan-e Rahem are wider and each of them can be underlying factor for infection and they can also explain the lack of response to treatment and recurrence of vaginitis.