دو ماهنامه بررسی های بازرگانی
سال چهاردهم شماره 76 (فروردین و اردیبهشت 1395)

The main aim of this paper is to present a new model in order to identify and investigate the role of commercial complexes and parameters affecting success. Based on data collection, the present study is considered as descriptive. Before collecting the data through questionnaire, and so as to check the validity and reliability of the study, a pre-test was taken. Moreover, to assess the validity of the study, the diagnostic validity (DV) using an average variance extracted (AVE) was first calculated and the composite reliability (CR) was then applied to determine the reliability. Sample of 386 customers of five Successful commercial complexes in Tehran was selected. Also, Structure Equation Modeling (SEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and two software packages "SPSS and LISREL" are used for analyzing the data. The findings indicate a significant impact of variables of commercial complex physical environment and desire to stay in commercial complex on Their success and the effects of this variable on customer’s loyalty, but the impact of the variable of customer’s sensation on commercial complex success is not approved.

OPEC and WTO are two important international organizations, which have a significant effect on the trade of oil and petroleum. In this article the laws and regulations of these two organizations have been studied to see what happen on the trade of these Goods in future that there would be challenges to overcome this problem.
Ther are two important rules in WTO legal system which are related to the trade of oil and petroleum. The quantitative restrictions and preserving exhaustible resources are playing an omportant role in this regard.

Present article reviews the principles of Common Monetary Areas’ Formation & its experience in the world. In this study, the most important criteria of common monetary areas’ formation have been introduced according to modern & traditional views, likewise advantages & disadvantages of joining to a common monetary area is mentioned theoretically & some empirical considerations of common monetary areas in the world is expressed. In the next part, the criteria of common monetary areas’ formation have been compared in Iran & regional countries. Comparing these indicatives shows that in mid-time, Iran’s membership in a common monetary area will be probably unexpected because of the low rate of labor force & capital mobility in country, the low degree of national economy’s openness, loss of diversification in regional products, limited rate of intro-area trade, the low rate of Iran’s earnings correlation in comparing with frequent neighbor countries, high rate of inflation in country, different nature of shocks & asynchronous of commercial cycles. Under such a circumstances predominance of political considerations against commercial considerations could possibly stop or threaten its foundation & vitality. 

Nowadays the unification of applicable laws of international commercial contracts has become a universal attempt. According to the increase in the number of these contracts in legal systems, the importance of determination of international commercial contracts is a serious issue. One of the legal efforts in this scope could be the approval of “The Hague Principles on Choice of Law in International Commercial Contracts” in 2015, Hague Principles are designed to promote party autonomy in international commercial contracts as the first normative soft-law instrument. Because the partics to a contract may be best positioned to determine which set of legal norms is most suitable for their transaction, party autonomy enhances predictability and legal certainty which are the important conditions for effective cross-border trade and commerce. However there were some other legal efforts in scope of determination of applicable law for the international commercial contracts such as Rome Provisions I but there were operable only in European Union and also had lots of complexes and ambiguities. The Hague Principles are not formally binding, they provide a comprehensive blueprint to guide users in the creation. reforme or interpretation of choice of law regimes at the national, regional, or international levels.

Lack of trust has been identified as one of the reasons for absence of interest in doing online transactions. Therefore, one of the research areas is about knowing factors that enhance customer’s online trust. Unlike most researches in this area that use a descriptive method, this research tried an experimental approach in the retailing industry context to study the effects of reputation, offline presence and product type on online customers trust and the interactions between these factors. For doing the experiment a 2×2×2 between subjects factorial design was used. For manipulating independent variables, eight scenarios for different combinations of independent variables levels were designed and data analyzing was done by using factorial Anova. Results declined existence of any significant interaction between variables and showed that having positive reputation and offline presence will lead to higher online trust. But product type does not have any significant effect on customer’s trust.

The present research aimed at recognizing the indexes of brand orientation in service organizations and discussing their effects on creating a competitive advantage for a service organization and developing a strong service brand. 150 experts and managers of the business and marketing units of Airlines were chosen to attend the current project. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that brand orientation indexes in service organizations inctuding brand symbolization, brand identity, internal marketing and implementation of integrated marketing communications, lead to a strong service brand development and differentiation from competitors in the marketplace. Furthermore attitudes of senior managers to brand orientation as an investment approach affects their participation in branding process thus it provides a situation for brand orientation improvement in the organization. According to this research. competitive advantage and differentiation from competitors are attained as a result of developing a strong service brand.

The article aims to study the impact of organizational learning on organizational flexibility, competitive strategy and business performance in south of Iran’s production companies. Considering the importance of business performance in order to succeed in current competitive market, the article seeks to study the dimensions and components which are effective in expanding and optimizing business performance and to determine the current levels of market penetration in south of Iran.Using questionnaire, a sample of 150 production companies acting in south of Iran is examined. According to research literature, a model has been chosen to show the impact of variables and tested using LISREL and SPSS20. The positive relationship between variables was confirmed through correlation and path coefficient of the test. The model then was examined using factor analysis and structural equations. The values of adjusted goodness of fit indices showed that the model is fitted perfectly.