فهرست مطالب

دانش ارزیابی - پیاپی 28 (تابستان 1395)

فصلنامه دانش ارزیابی
پیاپی 28 (تابستان 1395)

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/06/30
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Dr. Hassan Ghavami, Majid Alifar Page 5
    The stock exchange is a market, where partial capitals are accumulated to company’s financial outfit and it seems so necessary in every advanced economy. Any unusual action that aims to influence the natural process of pricing of securities, normal market mechanisms and decision making investors be called price manipulation. Price manipulation causes misleading appearance of the securities market and as a result, loosing public confidence in the market, reduces the investments in them and misallocation of resources to other markets. People such as major shareholders, agents, publishers and managers of joint stock companies, with regard to their position and location are more capable to manipulate the prices. Price manipulation can be classified into three types: manipulation based on information, manipulation based on the act and manipulation based on deals. Due to the harmful effects of price manipulation, all legal systems in the world prohibited stock price manipulation and trying to deal with it. The results show intelligent monitoring system used by the supervisory bodies in detecting price manipulation is more important than the rules of stock exchanges. Supervisory bodies in the stock market are responsible for observing and whenever they saw suspicious transactions, will act according to the law. Because of the high number of transactions per hour of intelligent software is used to monitor them. Updated and high-speed software helps to discover quickly manipulation of prices.
    Keywords: securities, stock exchange, price manipulation, anti, manipulation rules
  • Asghar Mobarak* Page 25
    This paper investigates the effects of natural resource abundance on economic growth considering the role of institutional quality. For this purpose, has been investigated effects of institutional quality such as government effectiveness, control of corruption, Voice & Accountability and Rule of law along with resource abundance on economic growth in major oil economies countries by using panel data technique over the period 1996-2007. The results indicate that in these countries institutional quality has a significant positive effect on economic growth and resource abundant inversely related with economic growth. Also, natural resource abundance has led to decrease in institutional quality. So, natural resource abundance with low level of institutional quality in vicious circle has caused economic growth further reduces. This issue recommended, oil revenues management model have to reform for promotion of institutional quality. It is one of main and suitable Guidelines to break vicious circle and cause to increase and satiability of economic growth.
    Keywords: Economic Growth, Institutional Quality, Natural Resource Abundance, oil economies Countries, Panel Data
  • Ali Ahmadi * Page 47
    One of the ways that legislators have predicted for providing the needs of government agencies, as well as selling items, estate and products is tender and auction. This process is in major transactions and according to the method of notification, the acceptance of offers, sometimes collusion in transactions through the sale of information (information rent) related to a transaction, ambiguity in the conditions of tender and auction documents, lack of transparency in terms and coordinates of required items, the mixture of normal and defective items, declaration as surplus and sometimes failure to comply with promises stipulated in the process of holding and selecting a contractor as well as signing a contract and subsequently lack of effective supervision by a supervisory unit on the contract with the contractor or consultant, the preparation and approval of formal statements due to their nature as well as the existence of much financial scope and the proposed issue of public property in it have drawn private and public authorities’ interest to make the corruption visible. It is worth noting that factors such as validation of vague, imprecise, and conditional offers out of the time prescribed by corresponding rules and documents; agreement after the formalities of the transaction; lack of an appropriate need assessment program, effort to provide unnecessary items; false and sometimes unrealistic initial estimate, failure to give a receipt to beneficiaries after delivering envelopes; justification of a plan economically and environmentally, an approach to tender documents in favor of a specific person and limiting competition; intentional complexity of tender documents for making the supervision difficult; lack of proper and special criterion as well as the use of subjective criteria for evaluating tenderers and in some cases, to apply intention or exert influence with having a specific purpose; misuse of emergency situations such as natural disasters, war and etc.; to pay bribes to increase the rank of contractors; to enter into the short list and exit from the blacklist; to leave the tender formalities as a principle of offering a very high price to win the person concerned; an agreement of influencing factors with buyers of items in auctions; collusion to offer low prices; entry of fixers, etc. are considered as the instances of corruption in government transactions.
    Keywords: pathology, rent, collusion, public tender, limited tender, auction, government transactions, corruption
  • Reza Falsafi, Masoud Safari Donyachali, Omid Saharkhiz Page 65
    Control and prevention of corruption policies are always controversial. Experiences of international organizations in the field of improving the performance of public institutions have valuable lessons for developing programs to fight corruption and understanding its indicators and standards. So in the field of integrity and corruption, credible international conventions can show us better view of the integrity situation and administrative corruption in various countries and to compare and evaluate the situation in Iran with other countries is useful. Accordingly, we have tried in this research using descriptive method and based on the study of works related to the subject, the effectiveness of anti-corruption policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is based on several indicators: Corruption Perception Index, the rule of law and economic freedom Fraser Institute and Heritage Foundation. The result indicates that Anti-corruption policies in the Islamic Republic of Iran with regard to the rank and calculated score in International reliable components and indicators, it does not have the efficiency and effectiveness.
    Keywords: prevention, Corruption, perceived corruption, rule of law, economic freedom
  • Hamzeh Malekian *, Asghar Sepahban Gharehbaba Page 85
    Today, corruption is considered as one of the greatest global challenges due to harmful consequences including raising transactions cost, uncertainty and preventing investments. Many companies in order to maintain their interest in competitive markets, deviating from legal requirements and standards governing themselves, Also in violation of existing laws cause irreparable damage and high social and economic costs imposed on countries. The role of GIO as responsible for supervising executive bodies in the detection, prevention, correction and cope with these crimes is very bold. This article aims a detailed review of concepts and examples of crimes and also using the international standard ISO 26000 and the Social Accounting as a solution to deal with this phenomenon by the GIO. In order to achieve the purpose of the article and explores the origins of the emergence of corporate crime, also described the concept of corporate social responsibility. The results states that any standard or convention noticing corporate social responsibility at anyway must be boosted as a main factor of sustainable development and a way of coping with corporate crimes best exemplified by standard ISO 26000. On the other hand, Social Accounting Was introduced as a solution to crime prevention. The study recommends GIO to deal with the phenomenon of corporate crime, using of these potential and tools.
    Keywords: corporate crime, corporate social responsibility, ISO 26000, Social Accounting, GIO
  • Mehdi Lotfi * Page 103
    Regulatory bodies can be divided in two branches that differ in terms of scope of competence and supervision. Some regulatory bodies have a general dimension and extensive scope of supervision is defined for them. Another category has specific scope and concentrated, but their limitations should not be considered as signs of weakness. They may have a powerful and valuable supervision and deeper and more strategic impact than the general regulatory bodies. The issue of special regulatory bodies, including Information and protection of organizations, compared with other regulatory bodies such as GIO has equal importance. This article seeks to examine the role of this entity in protecting staff and safeguarding the system and taking preventive measures against any hidden plan to deconstruction and creating anarchy in system.
    Keywords: Information, protection, General supervision, Specific supervision, Strategic surveillance
  • Hamid Reza Ezadi, Behnah Ezadi, Mehdi Raeesi Vanani Page 121
    This paper examines the important and effective role of corruption (trafficking and money laundering arising from it) as well as other factors such as the rising costs of order and security, privatization and the portion of the single currency with the help of econometric methods Auto Regressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) the national economy. This paper estimates the short term and the long-term model and then error correction model (ECM) has been obtained. Some of the important effects of corruption, including: The negative impact on employment Commercial and administrative ineffectiveness of government policies that cause a weak economy and unhealthy. On the other hand the money laundering will have damaging effect on the reduction of tax revenues, increased poverty, low levels of domestic production and employment. Given the role of these two phenomena in the economy of any country, the effect of money laundering and trafficking is important. Results indicate that these factors could affect the macro and longterm investments, especially in developing countries and can affect employment, output, and as a result it will reduce economic growth. So, the healthy economy can be used as an important factor of socio-economic welfare, production and poverty reduction in developing countries and affect the prosperity and wealth creation.
    Keywords: Corruption, Economic Growth, Prosperity, Poverty, Development, ARDL