نشریه روان پرستاری
سال چهارم شماره 6 (پیاپی 18، بهمن و اسفند 1395)

Social adjustment in different situations, especially at university, needs special skills. It is believed that improving communicative skills is effective in psychological well-being of individuals. Studies have shown that there is a meaningful relationship between social adjustment of individuals and their religious beliefs and deeds. This study aimed at analyzing the effect of group teaching communication skills with religious approach on social adjustment in female students residing in dormitories of Isfahan Medical Sciences University.
This study had a quasi-experimental design. Using simple random sampling, 38 students in the dormitory were chosen and assigned to control and experimental groups. Teaching communication skills with religious approach was conducted for 4 weeks and the social adjustment questionnaire was completed by the students before and after the intervention. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics such as independent t test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used.
The t test results showed that the average of social adjustment before the intervention was not significant (P = 0.66) while the average of social adjustment immediately after the intervention (P = 0.006) and one month after the intervention (P = 0.005) was significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group. The results of repeated ANOVA indicated that in the control group the level of social adjustment was not significant for the three time points (P = 0.92).
Group teaching communicative skills with a religious approach, increased the level of adjustment of female students residing at the dormitory, indicating that this method can be used to increase the level of social adjustment.

Marital infidelity is one of the intricate and harmful emotional problems among couples. Infidelity in marital relations could be considered as a stressful phenomenon, which results in cognitive, emotional, and behavioral disorder signs in individuals. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on stress, anxiety, and depression improvement in females, who had experienced infidelity in marital relations in Sanandaj City.
This was a semi-experimental study, which used pre-test, post-test design on the control group. The sample size was 30 females, who had experienced infidelity in their marital relations, and were attending the family court of Sanandaj City, during year 2015. They were allocated based on convenience and random sampling to two groups (15 control and 15 experimental). Research tools were depression short inventory, anxiety, stress (DASS-21) and interruptive group therapy based on acceptance and commitment therapy, accomplished during 12 treatment sessions of 90 minutes on the basis of weekly routines. In order to analyze the data on descriptive level, the researchers used mean statistics and standard deviation, and in inferential level, the researchers used One-way Analysis of Covariance Test (ANCOVA).
Interruptive group therapy method based on acceptance and commitment directly decreased and improved stress signs, anxiety and depression of females under the study (P Findings of this study indicate the importance and effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment to reduce stress, anxiety and depression of females, who had experienced infidelity in marital relations. Therefore, this kind of therapy could be used to decrease and improve infidelity’s harmful effects in marital relations.

Depression is one of the major issues that affects all aspects of individual life such as marital life. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression and marital satisfaction.
This study was correlational. Ninety four couples who referred to the Counseling Center of Islamic Azad University of Karaj were selected through convenience sampling and responded to the two self-report questionnaires of Enrich Marital Satisfaction and Beck Depressive Inventory. Correlation Coefficient and regression analysis were used to analyze the data.
The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between marital satisfaction and depression in couples (P The results of this study showed that there was a significant negative correlation between marital satisfaction and depression in couples. This means that an increase in one spouse's depression level leads to decrease in marital satisfaction of the other.

Endoscopy is an invasive diagnosis and treatment method which is stressful for patients. Previous studies have exhibited different results about the factors associated with anxiety of patients undergoing endoscopy. The aim of this study was to assess the predicting factors of patient's anxiety undergoing endoscopy.
This descriptive analytical study was conducted on 400 patients. The method was continuous sampling. The data-gathering instrument was researcher made and consisted of three parts; demographic information, questions relating to awareness about endoscopic method, and Spielberg’s questionnaires for assessing patient's state anxiety. Data were analyzed with t-tests, ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation and regression logistic.
From these number of patients, 82.7% had moderate to severe anxiety. There was a significant relationship between marital status and level of anxiety in patients (P = 0.02). Also, there was a significant relationship between patients’ anxiety scores and their knowledge scores. Regression results showed that marital status, type of admission and endoscopic history were predictive factors for patient's anxiety.
Most patients have moderate to severe anxiety before endoscopy. Lack of knowledge of patients about endoscopy methods is a major cause of anxiety. Since severe anxiety can have an impact on correct performance of endoscopy as well as on patient's outcome, proper measures need to be taken to raise patient's awareness.

Being infected with HIV, followed by AIDS, is accompanied with a wide range of psychological factors such as emotional regulation and emotional schemas, in connection with which the compliance of patients with the disease is affected. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to compare the cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional schemas in people with HIV and normal people.
The study was causal-comparative, cross-sectional. The inclusion criteria were selected and measured by cognitive excitement and emotion regulation (Garnefski et al., 2004) and emotional schemas (Leahy, 2002) tools. After data collection, data analysis by SPSS-16 program and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed.
Analyzing data using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) indicated that there were significant differences between the two groups in some subscales of cognitive emotion regulation (i.e. rumination (P = 0.001), putting into perspective (P = 0.003), and other-blame (P = 0.046) and emotional schemas (i.e. rumination (P = 0.001), emotional self-awareness (P = 0.001), uncontrollability (P = 0.0001), validation by others (P = 0.031), comprehensibility (P = 0.0001), blame (P = 0.0001), simplistic view of emotions (P = 0.049), higher values (P = 0.002), and acceptance of feelings (P = 0.0001). However, no significant difference was found between patients with HIV and normal controls in other subscales.
Considering the current results, addressing psychological aspects associated with HIV infection and particularly helping patients to improve their emotion regulation strategies and maladaptive emotional schemas is of great importance.

Uncivil behaviors in workplace are threating and a leading risk for health of nurses and patients in clinical environments. Lack of job satisfaction and quitting are the main work-related outcomes of incivility. This study aimed to explain the concept of workplace incivility among nurses.
In this research in 2014, using qualitative approach, 50 hospital nurses affiliated to Golestan University of Medical Sciences were participated. The sampling method was purposeful with maximum variation. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews; they were stopped after data saturation and analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis method.
Eighty percent of participants were female, with 3-20 years of work experience. The concept of incivility was characterized with "inferiority", "verbal/non-verbal aggression", "threating", "blaming", "ignoring", and "isolating” in terms of interaction with coworkers, superiors, physician, patients, patients’ attendants and cleaning staff. The participants experienced uncivility in a range of mild to severe and felt as it was very stressful; insulting from patients was perceived as less personal, so they could endure it better. The participants did not always know the best way to respond to uncivil behavior, how to deal with the agent of abusive behavior, or the mistreating behavior was not reported.
The results showed that uncivil behaviors occur to varying degrees and in different aspects in the nurses’ workplace. The persistence of such behaviors and feelings as well as lack of supporting system could lead to frustration from profession and stress.

Pregnancy is a natural event in women's lives, but requires a series of physiological adaptations and compliances. Quality adjustment to these changes may put women at risk for psychological problems. Considering the effective role of cognitive regulation strategies of emotion, psychological hardiness and optimism in coping of individual with different situations and stressful conditions, the present study aimed to investigate the role of cognitive regulation strategies of emotion, psychological hardiness and optimism in predicting death anxiety in women who are in their third trimester of pregnancy.
The present study was descriptive and correlational. The studied sample consisted of 220 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy whom were selected by convenient sampling method from Shiraz city. Data were collected using Persian Short form Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Ahvaz Psychological Hardiness Scale, Life Orientation Test (LOT) and 15-items Templer Death Anxiety Scale. Data were subjected to analysis with descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson’s correlation coefficient and stepwise regression).
Mean and SD were 8.2 (2.7 for death anxiety, 54.95 (7.6 for cognitive emotion regulation, 46.68 (10.07 for psychological hardiness, and 16.05 (3.87 for optimism. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that cognitive emotion regulation, psychological hardiness and optimism were correlated with death anxiety, whereby there was significant and positive correlation in catastrophizing, self-blame and focus on thought with death anxiety. In addition, there was a significant reverse correlation in positive reappraisal, refocus on planning, hardness and optimism with death anxiety. The relationships of other-blame, putting into perspective, positive refocusing and acceptance with death anxiety were not significant. Regression analysis showed that psychological hardiness (B = -0.06), optimism (B = -0.20) and catastrophizing (B = 0.35) were the significant predictors of death anxiety.
Results showed that cognitive emotion regulation strategies, psychological hardiness and optimism can be appropriate strategies to reduce and control death anxiety among pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy.

Burnout in couples is a gradual and rarely sudden process in which intimacy and love are gradually faded and general fatigue becomes evident. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the Gottman marital therapy as a group method in reduction of the couples’ burnout.
This research was a quasi-experimental method with pretest-posttest design and a control group. The study population consisted of couples, who referred to counseling and psychological centers of Karaj to resolve their marital conflicts during the summer of 2016. From this population, 12 couples with scores in marital burnout questionnaire of more than the average, via using sampling, were selected and randomly assigned in 2 experimental and control groups. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.
The results showed that there was a significant difference between marital burnout of experimental and control groups after the therapeutic intervention. Thus, the Gottman Marital Therapy Group method reduced marital burnout (P > 0.01).
Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the Couples Gottman Marital Therapy Method is useful for reducing marital burnout. It can also be used as an intervention method to solve marital problems of couples.