مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 4 (پیاپی 129، تیر 1396)

Genetics is a broad issue which is associated with diversity and inheritance in all the living beings. Numerous researches have been implemented in this sphere. Meanwhile, significant steps have been taken during the past few years including identification of active research fields of the area as well as recognition of scientific literature in the sphere. This study, therefore, seeks to identify core and frequently-taken subjects as well as newly-emerged or emerging subjects in the area.
The current research has focused on researches on thematic evolutions in the genetics area with a scientometric approach. As many as 79,593 articles on genetics on PubMed were analyzed over the base period (1909-2004) using Premap, Excel, and SPSS, while the figures are 40,184 and 97,512 for the five-year period (2005-2009) and ten-year period (2005-2014), respectively.
Findings: The findings revealed that growth rate for the number of articles on genetics has demonstrated an upward trend while genomics, proteomics, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and pharmacogenetics have been the most active research fields in the area. Moreover, based on inclusion index, it has been demonstrated that evolution has been abundantly seen and new subjects were born in the genetics area on a daily basis.
It is a complicated process to discover conceptual relationships between the documents of a scientific area. Hence, the resulting conclusions naturally require a deep understanding. Quantitative approaches, despite having shortcomings and being unable to comprehensively analyze different aspects of the issue, are not entirely futile and inaccurate. But they can enable the policymakers to acquire a general knowledge of the current situation so that they can make more realistic decisions and operate more efficiently. Continuance of such researches, aimed at assessing a discipline, will eventually empower the managers in those disciplines and scientific areas.

Delay in wound healing is one of several complications of type 1 diabetes. It has been reported that the use of various herbal extracts such as Morus nigra increase the wound healing. Since,there are no studies on investigation of the effects of Morus nigra on wound healing in diabetics so this study was conducted to determine wound healing effects of Morus nigra in diabetic rats.
In this experimental study, the fresh fruits were blended and pressed. Then, the extract was filtered and then was passed through the filter paper then it was dried in shade. Diabetes was induced by injection of single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). The circular wound (diameter 8 cm) was created on the back of each rat. The wounds were topically treated with 10 or 20 percent of concentration of the extract. Wounds in control group were treated with saline and normal group received no treatment. Wound areas were monitored on days 1, 6 and 11; the repaired tissues were removed for histological evaluations.
Daily and local applications of the extract displayed significant wound healing activity through the reducing wound area and acceleration of wound contraction. Histological findings showed that various indices of tissue repairment such as integrated epithelial, typical granulated and regular collagen layers were mor obvious in the treated wounds.
Topical application of the Morus nigra extract can accelrate wound contraction and improve the histological indices inclue formation of epithelial and granulated layers and increase collagen density in the repaired tissue.

Hepatitis G virus is an RNA virus related to Flaviviridae family that its genome was identified in the patients with non A-E hepatitis at the end of the last century. The present study aimed to investigate the survey of the prevalence of hepatitis G in blood donors and its relation to age and gender
In this descriptive cross-sectional study, sampling was performed on 263 blood donors referring to Yazd Blood Transfusion Center. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis was performed according to the protocol and was amplified by nested-PCR.
Finding: Out of 263 examined donors, 12.9% were first time donors, 20.9% and 66.2%% were repeated and regular donors. More donors were in the range of 30-40 years (33.5%), 98.9% (260) were men and 1/1% (3) female. Only in 3 (1.1%) of donors, HGV genome were identified, which all cases were related to male in the age of 22-32 years old. 2 (7/0%) of HGV positive donors were regular donors and one of the donors has been reported as a repeated donor. No genomic HGV was reported in first time donors in this study.
According to the various studies in Iran, infection with HGV genome was reported from 4% in blood donors to 32% in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, it seemsthat it is necessary to do more studies in the country to evaluate blood donors.

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide, which affects women. Also, this disease is one of the most frequent malignancies among women in Iran. Apoptosis is a known mechanism against cancer, which has intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. One of these extrinsic pathways, is Fas receptor-ligand system, which plays a key role in apoptotic signaling in many cell types, particularly in immune system cells. Disruption of this pathway will cause in tumorigenesis. Furthermore, other studies have shown polymorphisms in genes related to this pathway, which affect their expression in different cancers. Polymorphisms in FasL gene can influence its expression and cause breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate association of FasL IVS2nt-124A/G polymorphism and breast cancer susceptibility.
This case-control study was carried out on 100 specimens of breast cancer patients and 100 specimens of healthy people from East Azarbaijan province. After DNA extracting, genotyping was performed using ARMS-PCR method.
Genotype distribution for healthy controls and cases for AA genotype was 44.0% and 60.0% respectively, and a significant statistical difference was observed (P0.05).
Present research findings demonstrate that AA genotype is associated with increased risk of breast cancer among breast cancer patients in East Azarbaijan.

Because of their unique properties, magnetic nanoparticles have attracted the attention of many researchers in various fields. The stabilization enzyme on functionalized magnetic nanoparticles, with the maintenance of free protein activity and optimal stability, have been developed by various surface modification techniques. This review focused on the methods for modification of iron magnetic nanoparticles and their application to stabilize protein.
Among the published valid articles, 51 articles were selected from various scientific databases between the (2000-2016) years. The papers were evaluated for biological, physical and chemical synthesis methods, advantages and limitations of synthesis methods, application of surface modification and enzyme fixation on iron oxide nanoparticles. Precisely analyzing of papers, the most suitable method was investigated for the synthesis of nanoparticles and the use of nanoparticles was summarized in the biomolecules fixation process.
Co-precipitation method is an easy way to prepare magnetic nanoparticles of iron with a large surface and small particle size, which increases the ability of these particles to act as a suitable carrier for enzyme stabilization. Adequate modification of the surface of these nanoparticles enhances their ability to bind to biological molecules. The immobilized protein or enzyme on magnetic nanoparticles are more stable against structural changes, temperature and pH in comparison with un-stabilized structures, and it is widely used in various sciences, including protein isolation and purification, pharmaceutical science, and food analysis. Stabilization based on the covalent bonds and physical absorption is nonspecific, which greatly limits their functionality. The process of stabilization through bio-mediums provide a new method to overcome the selectivity problem.

Decision tree is the data mining tools to collect, accurate prediction and sift information from massive amounts of data that are used widely in the field of computational biology and bioinformatics. In bioinformatics can be predict on diseases, including breast cancer. The use of genomic data including single nucleotide polymorphisms is a very important factor in predicting the risk of diseases. The number of seven important SNP among hundreds of thousands genetic markers were identified as factors associated with breast cancer. The objective of this study is to evaluate the training data on decision tree predictor error of the risk of breast cancer by using single nucleotide polymorphism genotype.
The risk of breast cancer were calculated associated with the use of SNP formula:xj = fo * In human, The decision tree can be used To predict the probability of disease using single nucleotide polymorphisms .Seven SNP with different odds ratio associated with breast cancer considered and coding and design of decision tree model, C4.5, by Csharp2013 programming language were done. In the decision tree created with the coding, the four important associated SNP was considered. The decision tree error in two case of coding and using WEKA were assessment and percentage of decision tree accuracy in prediction of breast cancer were calculated. The number of trained samples was obtained with systematic sampling. With coding, two scenarios as well as software WEKA, three scenarios with different sets of data and the number of different learning and testing, were evaluated.
In both scenarios of coding, by increasing the training percentage from 66/66 to 86/42, the error reduced from 55/56 to 9/09. Also by running of WEKA on three scenarios with different sets of data, the number of different education, and different tests by increasing records number from 81 to 2187, the error rate decreased from 48/15 to 13/46. Also in the majority of scenarios, prevalence of the disease, had no effect on errors in the WEKA and code.
The results suggest that with increased training, and thus the accuracy of prediction error decision tree to reduce the risk of breast cancer increases with the use of decision trees. In Biological data, decision trees error is high even with a 66/66% training. On the other hand by increasing the number of SNP from 4 to 7 decision tree, decision tree error dramatically decreased at 70/1% training. In general we can say that with increased training and increasing the number of SNP in the decision tree, the prediction accuracy increased and errors reduced. In the CODING and WEKA, percentage of disease prevalence had no significant effect on errors,” Because of selecting set of training and testing by systemic method “.

Borrago Officinalis has wide effects on rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disorder, gastrointestinal diseases, pulmonary disorders and skin allergies. This plant can be useful in wound healing process due to specific compounds. The aim of this study was comparative evaluation of the effects of Borrago Officinalis with iodine and phenytoin on wound healing.
This is an experimental research study performed on 20 mature mice, in four therapeutic groups, including the Borrago Officinalis extract, iodine, phenytoin and control groups. Cutting wounds in dorsal part of mice body were evaluated through healing rate and histopathology at days 3, 7, 10 and 14. Data were analyzed using SPSS software using ANOVA and TUKEY tests.
The findings about the mean area and the increase in the rate of wound healing in the use of Borrago Officinalis were compared at the 3rd, 7th, 10th and 14th days; the results indicated that the Borrago Officinalis had a positive effect on healing wounds (P˂ 0.05). However, this effect is more rather than both the iodine and control groups, but is less than the phenytoin group. . From the viewpoint of histopathology, the findings indicated a significant decrease in terms of inflammatory factors in Borrago Officinalis group (P= 0.007). The phenytoin group in relative to granulation tissue and epithelial cell growth had a higher level than the other of the groups.
The results show the positive effect of Borrago Officinalis extract on wound healing. In comparison, this effect is less than the phenytoin and more than iodine. More studies are needed on different doses of this plant and its comparative effect with other common treatments for wound healing.

Cancer is a crippling and incurable disease, which affects on physical health as well as mental and social well- being and disrupts patient’s life. The present study was done to measure the rate of quality of life and coping strategies in people with cancer and non-cancer in Yazd city.
This was an analytical and cross sectional study in which performed on 53 women with cancer who referred to private oncology clinic and 94 non-cancer ones in Yazd. The sampling method was purposeful. Data were collected by demographic questionnaire, coping inventory for stressful situation questionnaire (CISS) and a socio-economic well-being scale in people with cancer. SPSS-16 was used to analyze data.
Problem-focused coping style was the most common coping strategy among the participants (Mean± SD 50.34± 7.89) and the rate of quality of life among the participants were 47.47± 7.72. The results of Pearson correlation showed a positive significant relationship between problem-focused and avoidant coping styles with quality of life and its subscales (p0.05).
Generally, the results showed that appropriate use of stress-coping strategies is effective in people’s quality of life. Hence, the use of psychological interventions and stress management training with problems are recommended to enhance psychological state and quality of life among patients with cancer.