فصلنامه پیشگیری و سلامت
پیاپی 6 (زمستان 1395)

The concept of Psychological Well-Being symbolizes a multi-dimensional structure consisting of life attitudes. it has been designed to investigate whether a person is aware of his potential, his goals, the quality of his relationships with others and what he feels about his life or not. The objective of this study is to predict psychological well-being based on social capital and psychological hardiness.
This descriptive–correlation study was conducted on 377 students selected by multi stage cluster sampling in Kharazmi, Islamic-Azad and Payam-e-Noor universities of Karaj, 2012-13 academic-years. The data was collected by Ryff´s Psychological Well-being Scale (PWBS), Delaviz Social Capital Scale (DSCS), and Personal Views Survey Questionnaire (PVSQ (, and analyzed by simultaneous multiple regression method in SPSS 18.
Findings: Results suggested that social capital and psychological hardiness predict 39.3% of the variance in psychological well-being in the students.
Given that social capital and psychological hardiness can predict the variance of psychological well-being in students, psychotherapists can increase the students’ psychological well-being by targeting these factors.

Decreased physical activity and weight gain associated with aging is related to erosion of wide range of physiological systems .Most of these systems are essential to maintain mobility, independent living, and overall quality of life. We aimed to evaluate the impact of participation in physical activity on the incidence of overweight and obesity in the elderly people.
This cross sectional study was conducted 180 male and female elders selected by convenience sampling. Body mass index was used to measured obesity and overweight and the level of physical activity was calculating by Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) Questionnaire by Metabolic Equivalent Task (MET) .the data was analyzed by ANOVA and chi-square tests at the significant level of 0.05.
Findings: The level of physical activity in overweight elder was significantly lower than that of normal people. The level of physical activity for women was significantly lower than men (p Based on the results, it is recommended that elders should increase physical activity and reduce sedentary activities to prevent from obesity. In addition, more attention should pay to design physical activity and weight control programs for the age groups over 75 years, specifically for female elders.

Craving is that the most important factor of addiction recurrent can be influenced by factors of personal, social, emotional and family; so this study aimed to investigate effect of brain– behavioral systems on craving with mediating distress tolerance a family history of addiction by studying family history of addiction.
The research method was descriptive- correlational of kind path analysis. Statistical population was all drug users in Tehran in the first half of 2016 that were referred to addiction treatment centers, of these 250 individuals were selected with multistage cluster sampling and responded to questionnaires of demographic, Craving After leaving, Systems of Activation/ Inhibition of Behavior and Distress Tolerance. Data analyzed using independent samples t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient in SPSS18 .To test the mediator relationship were used from suggested steps Baron & Kenny by method of simultaneous hierarchical regression.
Findings: The results showed distress tolerance has it mediating role in the relationship between behavioral activation system and craving. Obtained pattern among the group of with a family history of addiction was matches the pattern of the total sample, but in the group of without family history of addiction distress tolerance was not mediated in the relationship between behavioral activation system and craving.
Distress tolerance is an important factor which can neutralize undesirable effects of behavioral activation system in the craving and in result addiction relapse; so its suggested design and implementation of more specialized program in the process of craving taking into account level of distress tolerance of people especially family history of addiction.

Hypertension, one of the most common chronic diseases around the world, could affect the quality of life (QOL). This study was designed to assess QOL of hypertensive patients and its association with some socio-demographic variables.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 hypertensive patients selected via stratified sampling in Gonabad city, 2013. The data was collected by short form of standardized QOL questionnaire (SF 36) and analyzed using SPSS 18.
Findings: Seventy-five point eight percent (N= 91) of the participants were female. The mean and Standard Deviation of the age and QOL were (52.69; 4.49) and (42.92; 8.93), respectively. Seventy-three percent had inappropriate quality of life. There was significant relationship between QOL and age (P= 0.005), sex (P= 0.038), level of education (P= 0.045), and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.005).
The findings showed that quality of life in majority patients were inappropriate. Timely preventive and diagnostic activities as well as relevant treatment for hypertensive patients can increase their level of QOL.

Regular physical activity has a positive effect on physical, mental, and social aspects of individual and community health. The aim of this research was study the status of health-based sports and sport for all in Kerman University of Medical Sciences.
The research was descriptive and method of data collection was field. Population of study was all students in the Kerman University of medical sciences .Three hundred and seventy four students as sample were selected through stratified random sampling. For data collection we used a researcher made questionnaire. Validity of the questionnaire was approved by expert professors and its reliability was (α = 0.875). For data analysis were used descriptive statistics in SPSS 20..
Findings: The findings showed that knowledge and attitude towards the health – based sports and sport for all was at an optimal level, but their participation was below average. The development of sports facilities, create interest in the sport activity, and advertising and notification were the factors affecting to development of sport for all, respectively. The main motivations of students to engage in sport were the well-being, gain exhilaration and relaxation, and improving relationships and social interaction, respectively. Barriers to development of sport were the lack of exercise space, weaknesses in the management, and failure to provide diverse programs, respectively.
Based on results student' knowledge and attitude toward health – based sports and sport for all was optimal , but participation was below average that with proper planning and development of sports facilities can be an effective steps in the development of sport in universities.

Nowadays the releases of some of the contaminants in the environment that have a high half-life remain in the nature, enter the food chain, and ultimately transmitted to humans. Presence of these materials in our body causes various complications including mutations in various genes and carcinogenesis. In recent years, many new advanced oxidation process (AOP) were introduced that their process is based on hydroxyl free radicals, which have great potential for the decomposition of various organic material. In this paper, various methods of chemical treatment of refractory materials, with emphasis on advanced oxidation of industrial wastewater have been investigated and their cons and pros are discussed.
This paper was a review article in which using key words of advanced oxidation processes, degradation, treatment, wastewater and recalcitrant contaminant in scientific search engines including Science Direct, Google Scholar and Scopus, the related articles were collected and analyzed in the period of 1993 to 2016.
Findings: In these methods, in addition to the higher oxidation potential, are very different from conventional methods in the operating conditions and adverse side effects for the environment. In general, ultrasonic waves and advanced oxidation technology such as plasma, Fenton, photo-Fenton, oxidation by peroxide, ozone and photo catalytic process such as O3/UV have been used to remove contaminants from water resources. Generally, some factors affecting AOP processes are pH, temperature, concentration and type of pollutant, type and concentration of catalyst. In addition, advanced oxidation processes can be used to degrade residual pollutants that remain after the purification process in the wastewater. As a whole, AOP is used as a pre-purification for residual pollutants having toxic and recalcitrant materials.
Generally, these methods have the advantages of high kinetics and purification efficiency. However, due to high operational costs and complexity of the process, they rarely are used as a single process for treatment of sewage and often used in conjunction with other treatment processes.