نشریه اندیشه معماری
پیاپی 1 (بهار و تابستان 1396)

Since urban life finds meaning with public spaces, the quality of such spaces is generally considered as a measurement of urban quality and in spontaneous cities it is known particularly as s a criterion for the concept of city development. The objective of this research is to study and analyze the formation and transformation in public spaces of spontaneous settlements which is related to the ways that its settlers have lived during different eras. Islamshahr, the biggest and oldest spontaneous settlements near Tehran, has been chosen as a case study. This area has created a stable urban life for its residents by producing and expanding various public spaces. In reviewing the process of formation and transformation of public spaces of Islamshahr, the article takes into account the social changes of this settlement. In this regard, by considering ideas and concepts, along with everyday life, social associations and interactions, face to face communication, and pictures, the articles aims to present a more or less clear picture of public spaces in Islamshahr. Field study, narrative, descriptive - analytical methods are used to indicate the content, spaces of Islamshar in three main formwork of (urban spaces, religious spaces, green spaces) and a sub-type (unofficial and potential spaces).

Areas within the domain of ancient Iran are considered as important lands of the Islamic era with a variety of architectural styles of cemetery. It seems that from the Timurid period onwards, another type of tomb structure using geometric shapes with an especial design named eight-half was created. The oldest and most prominent remaining example of this style is "Bibi khanum" in Samarkand, Uzbekistan; this is the first monument of the mentioned plan. The tomb of Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah in Herat, Afghanistan, and the shrine of Imamzadeh Hussein in Qazvin and Sheikh Amin al Din in Ardabil are in Iran. All of the named tombs have the same plan and due to the use of certain architectural elements some of them have special features. In this study, the origin, development, and design of eight-half in Iran's Islamic periods are explored and compared; furthermore, the architectural and decorative features of the monuments are thoroughly analyzed.

Categorizing Iranian arches, in terms of shape and geometry and its use, is diverse. The strength of Iranian arch due to geometry and performance are also different. In the executive arch procedure, regardless of the geometrical form, factors such as material, mortar, building technology, its position and... are considered effective. Studies indicate that executive techniques derived from the experimental and technical architects of the past have contributed to the stability and reliability of the monuments. The claim is supported by the traditional architectural thought in the executive technique procedure from the beginning to end. Thus, regardless to the number of architects of the climate issues, based on experience and knowledge in executive techniques in increasing the strength of traditional buildings we can see diversity in structure methodology of various arches in historical buildings. This article describes the use of executive arch techniques (from the beginning to the end of the process) that are used mainly in historical buildings and it is the reason of their stability and strength. In order to analyze the executive techniques, the research methodology is based on identifying and implementing techniques on an Iranian historical monument sample, the experimental method of the writers along with the traditional architects in various workshops and the use of relevant books. In addition, the collection of techniques and practices related to the implementation of the arch that architectures have attempted to improve from generation to generation, on the one hand it is a suitable model to train those university and educational institutes'' enthusiasts. On the other hand, thorough explanation and understanding of each arch procedure and appropriate replicating can also help the correct application in contemporary monuments and especially the arch reconstruction and restoration of historical buildings.

Geometry and mathematics are sciences that human beings have achieved and developed to explore the relationship between phenomena and give order to the environment around them. Architecture and urban space design are one of the most important fields that geometry and mathematics can be traced in the process of their formation. The purpose of this study is to understand this process through a survey of the prehistoric settlements. The main research question is on the connection between architecture and urban space design and technical progress of the early settlements. This research is based on descriptive, analytical, and comparative methods where data collection method has been documented and in some cases a survey has been carried out. The results show that in houses and urban communication network design in the ancient settlements, indirect and non-geometric lines and surfaces were used; these plans were not very different from that of the cave however, the use of straight lines and geometric shapes in architecture and urban space design expanded by the development of knowledge and different techniques in human society. Thus, a modular system based on geometry and mathematics developed and gradually separation of space and architectural and urban activities can be seen in architectural and urban spaces especially in Hegmataneh.

can be designed in such a way that they have low waste of energy and cause to provide facilities to utilize the natural systems. Despite all the advantages of employing atriums in the field of energy saving, the over intake of the sun heat during the summer could impose a high energy consumption on the building. This study attempts to copy nature to produce a parabolic skylight which mimics the diatom pore structure, that facilitates solar beam and daylighting pass through. Diatoms are a major group of algae, and are one of the most common types of phytoplankton. It is envisaged that this pore structure optimisation will form a part of a method that significantly reduces energy consumption for buildings in hot seasons. This research hopes to develop methods tomimic the diatom pore structure in atrium roofs. It aims to deliver advances in skylight design, including the use of nature to gain an understanding of the properties that will allow for the efficient daylighting and ability to design membranes based on mimicking nature’s design.This project will develop an understanding of the pore structure of diatoms, and its use in architecture. The project has been designed with Rhino and simulated by Ecotect.

Sustainable design is one of the important subjects of the contemporary era that can be traced in many categories; this current trend is considered a logical response caused by industrial age. In this article sustainable development is considered as the fundamental principle and it is presented in the urban landscape in such a wide environment that includes all aspects of life, such as society, culture, eco-environment, economy and welfare. The foundation of the mentioned issues are all based on designing sustainable landscape that exists on the green zones of Gilan, the Caspian border, and near Anzali's Lagoon. In addition, its governing policy, contemplating the definition of sustainable development, lagoon recognition as a manifestation of the urban landscape, discussion and analysis of sustainable design techniques, are explained as the need for sustainable design in relation with urban landscapes. This is followed by a brief reference to a sample design of a case resort around the Anzali lagoon. As for the present case, after drawing the present condition, with a pathological approach, the city and lagoon's facilities and restrictions are examined side by side; furthermore foreign examples of similar scale have been taken into account matching the case with the climate, environmental consideration, identity requirements and cultural issues, opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses are analyzed in the matrix form of SWOT. The intervention of various factors of structure, function, and process are monitored and measured. Setting strategic priorities, short, medium, and long term executive actions are part of the case study achievements of Anzali lagoon.

Identity is one of the most important subjects in contemporary Iranian architecture, and there have been much effort to preserve and revive the Iranian Islamic identity. Therefore, considerable numbers of studies have successfully fulfilled to analyze the Iranian Islamic identity in contemporary architecture. It can be inferred that low design quality and lack of construction quality can be considered as an outstanding threat to the contemporary architecture of Iran. This article is to study the quality design and realization of the concept of identity. The paper tends to find possible correlation between these two factors such as quality of design and concept of Identity in contemporary architecture of Iran. In this regard, considering five factors of the field of design, continental issues, plan legibility, formalism and conceptualism in architecture, have been chosen as main variables of identity. To study the construction quality, also, five indicators of design solidarity (unity), durable frame, proper implementation of the frontage, materials and attention to the region, that somehow introduce the level of design quality and implementation, have been taken into account. To collect the data, different techniques such as questionnaire and calibration have been used. A descriptive-analytical method has been adopted to analyze the data; the Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression analysis have been applied too. The results show that there is a positive and meaningful correlation between the design and construction quality and the concept of identity; in addition, the role of solidarity design is stronger than other factors in realization of the concept of identity.