International Journal of Preventive Medicine
Volume:9 Issue: 3, Mar 2018

Considering the importance of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) as one of the health consequences of job stress among nurses and signifcant contradictions in prevalence in different parts of the body, this study was carried out to determine the prevalence of MSDs among Iranian nurses.
All published studies from June 2000 until June 2015 were considered in reliable databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Google search, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Persian databases such as SID, Iran Medex, and Magiran. These studies, after quality control, were entered into meta‑analysis using the random effects model, a total of 41 papers were assessed between 2004 and 2015.
The prevalence rate of these disorders was 60.98%, 47.76%, 46.53%, 44.64%, 42.8%, 36.8%, 24.61%, and 17.5%, respectively, obtained for the back, neck, knees, upper back, ankles, shoulders, hands, hips, thighs, and elbows. Prevalence of MSDs will lead to high costs of medical, absenteeism from work, or even unemployment.
Due to high prevalence of these disorders among Iranian nurses, providing effective training in the feld of ergonomics and undergoing appropriate exercises are necessary to control it.

The prevalence of glomerular hyperfltration and chronic kidney disease is increasing worldwide in parallel with obesity hypertension epidemic. The effect of increases in glomerular fltrations (GFR) in children with metabolic syndrome has not been studied. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between GFR and cardiometabolic risk factors in a large sample of pediatric population.
In this nationwide survey, 3800 participants were selected by cluster random sampling from 30 provinces in Iran. Anthropometric measures, biochemical, and clinical parameters were measured. We also measured estimated GFR (eGFR) using the recently modifed Schwartz equations and other known cardiometabolic risk factors such as elevated total cholesterol, high low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‑C), and obesity.
The response rate was 91.5% (n = 3843). The mean and standard deviation (SD) (Mean ± SD) of eGFR for girls, boys, and total population were 96.71 ± 19.46, 96.49 ± 21.69, and 96.59 ± 20 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Overall, 38.7% of the participants did not have any cardiometabolic risk factor. In multivariate models, the risk of elevated systolic blood pressure (BP) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.48; 95% confdence interval [CI]: 1.08–2.02), elevated diastolic BP (OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.08–2.02), elevated LDL‑C (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.07–1.70), and obesity (OR: 1.70; 95%CI: 1.24–2.33) were signifcantly higher in participants with higher eGFR level than those with the lower level but not with low level of high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.60–0.88).
This study demonstrates an association between glomerular hyperfltration and obesity‑related hypertension in a large sample of the Iranian pediatric population, independently of other classical risk factors.

This study was aimed to screen the antihyperlipidemic effect of different fractions of Teucrium polium to obtain the most effcient herbal fraction for isolation of bioactive constituents responsible for hypolipidemic activity.
Chloroform, butanol, and aqueous fractions were obtained from hydroalcoholic extract of T. polium aerial parts using partitioning process. To induce hyperlipidemia, dexamethasone (Dex) was injected 10 mg/kg/day (s.c.) for 8 days. In the test groups, animals received 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg of T. polium hydroalcoholic extract and different fractions orally simultaneously with Dex. Serum lipid profle and hepatic marker enzymes were evaluated using biochemical kits.
All treatments, especially chloroform and aqueous fractions, reversed serum lipid markers in hyperlipidemic rats. Maximum reduction in triglyceride (60.2%, P This study showed strong antihyperlipidemic effect of various fractions derived from hydroalcoholic extract of T. polium.Chloroform and aqueous fractions may be worthy candidates for isolation of bioactive hypolipidemic constituents. However, possible hepatotoxicity should be considered for clinical application.

Using cell phones while driving contribute to distractions which can potentially cause minor or major road traffc injuries and also stress among other drivers. With this background, the study was done to ascertain the proportion of handheld cell phone use while driving among road users in Mysore city and also patterns of the use by the day of week, type of road, and type of vehicle.
The study was conducted in Mysore, Karnataka, India. Four stretches of roads were observed thrice daily for 1 week. The total number of vehicles passing through the stretch and the number and characteristics of drivers using hand‑held cell was noted. Pearson’s Chi‑square test was used to ascertain the signifcance of the difference in proportions.
The overall proportion of cell phone users was calculated as 1.41/100 vehicles. The observed use of handheld cell phones was 1.78 times higher on nonbusy roads than busy roads ( x2 = 25.79, P The proportion of drivers who use cell phones is found to be relatively lower, and use of cell phones was higher on nonbusy roads.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by snoring, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and repeated termination of airflow (apnea). Standard polysomnography (PSG) is diagnostic gold standard for OSA. PSG is expensive and not available everywhere. To identify the best OSA questionnaire for screening in Persian population, we compared Berlin, STOP‑BANG, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).
In a cross‑sectional study conducted on 400 adult patients suspected of OSA in Bamdad Respiratory Research Center, patients completed three questionnaires. For each questionnaire, patients were divided into high risk and low risk. Then, PSG was performed for all patients. According to PSG, patients categorized into without OSA (apnea‑hypopnea index [AHI] AHI ≥5), moderate OSA (30> AHI ≥15), and severe OSA (AHI ≥30). Based on questionnaires and PSG results, predictive parameters for screening tests were calculated.
There were 234 (58.5%) males and 166 (41.5%) females in study population. Mean age of patients was 49.29 ± 9.75 standard deviation years. There was signifcant association between age with OSA (P = 0.005) and between body mass index (BMI) and neck circumference, with moderate and severe OSA (P This study suggested that Berlin and STOP‑BANG are more sensitive and accurate than ESS for OSA screening in Iran.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between mothers’ knowledge related to treatment management of type 1 diabetes (T1D), with perceptions of coping with diabetes‑related stress and to examine the relationship between children’s metabolic control and maternal coping. A cross‑sectional study was done among ninety‑two mothers of T1D children.
Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, Ways of coping questionnaire (WCQ), and Diabetes Knowledge questionnaire‑24 (DKQ‑24).
The most important predictors of the total knowledge scores among mothers were father education (P Parents with more knowledge of diabetes and with better education were able to cope more effective and maintain a better glycemic control of their diabetic children.

Sacopenia is a common problem in elderly with the adverse outcomes. The objective of this study was to estimate the peak appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and age of its attainment by sex among the Iranian population.
A total of 691 men and women aged 18–94 years participated in this cross‑sectional, population‑based study in Bushehr, Iran. ASM was measured by dual X‑ray absorptiometry. Cutoff points for men and women were established considering two standard deviations (SDs) below the mean values of the skeletal muscle index (SMI) for young reference groups. The relationship between ASM and age was described by the second‑degree regression models. Two SDs below the mean SMIs of reference groups were as cutoff values of low muscle mass in Iranian population.
The peak ASM values were 21.35 ± 0.12 Kg and 13.68 ± 0.10 Kg, and the age at peak ASM were 26 (24–28) years and 34 (33–35) years for men and women, respectively. Mean and SD of SMI in those ages were 7.01 ± 0.02 Kg/m2 and 5.44 ± 0.02 Kg/m2 among men and women, respectively. Calculated cutoff values of low muscle mass among the Iranian population were 7.0 Kg/m2 and 5.4 Kg/m2 among men and women, respectively.
Iranian reference values of SMI for both genders were
similar to Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia recommendation and lower than the United States and European values. Further studies from different nations and the Middle East countries are needed to obtain reference values for populations, enabling the researchers for comparison and also more valid reports on sarcopenia prevalence.