فصلنامه علوم و فنون نظامی
پیاپی 39 (بهار 1396)

This paper aims to test the arms race between the Persian Gulf states using spatial econometric approach. For this purpose, a general model of military expenditure (Including economic, social and strategic variables) and statistical data of the 7 countries, include: Iran, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UAE has been used during 1995-2014. The estimated results indicate the existence of spatial dependence between and among the countries, therefore, the use of this type of estimate is justifiable. The results of the model estimation show that the coefficient of estimation of spatial interruption of the dependent variable is positive and significant; So that with an increase of 1% in the average military load of the Gulf states, the average military load of a country in this area is increased by 0.885% (nearly one percent). Based on these results it can be said that there was a type of strong arms race between and among the Persian Gulf countries during 1995-2014.

Wars are the geopolitical events that result from the confrontation of hostile forces in a particular territory. In many cases, what is stated as the reason for the beginning or continuation of a war is, in fact, the representation is based on the goals and interests of its actors; while the goals of the actors and their interests are influenced by foundations and geopolitical rivalries at the regional or global level. The war in Syria, also known as the Hybrid Warfare, is the product of the geopolitical opposition of its many actors. Therefore, this applied research has been prepared and developed using John W. Creswell’s research in order to identify and prioritize the effective geopolitical codes and genomes in the formation and continuation of Syrian combined warfare. To this end, the geopolitical codes and genomes of Syria were identified by interviewing the elites and conducting library studies. In the qualitative section, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 10 political geography professors. Then, according to the results of the interviews, the Topsis questionnaire was prepared and distributed among 35 graduate students of Ph.D. in Strategic Science and Combined-Joint Operations. The findings of the study included nine geopolitical codes and genomes that are characterized by their priority and their importance in the formation and continuation of the combined Syrian war: Trans-regional actor's rivalry; ISIS; regional actor's rivalry; geopolitical polarization; Syria's geopolitical importance; domestic players; Syrian government; divergent populations; and Syrian geopolitical challenges with its neighbors.

Meta Material are a bunch of human-made artificial materials, which are made up of an array of metal bars and rings. This category of materials against electromagnetic radiation exhibits interesting and unusual properties, such as a negative refractive index. The interesting properties of the materials are their widespread use in various fields of microwave, smart antennas, lenses, and so on. From the military point of view, it is also possible to use the meta material invisibility of self-birdies, such as the drones, missiles, and so on. The invisible coating design as well as the Shield design and the improvement of the shielding coefficient have been used for the safety of military systems and war rooms using forensic materials. In this paper, while describing the structure of the preamble, their properties in the face of electromagnetic waves are fully explained. A complete overview of the methods used in this category of antennae has been considered, which simulation results indicate an increase in parameters such as positioning, radiation power, bandwidth, and ultimately diminishing and multiplying in reference antennas.

Nowadays Training and organizational investment on training is one of the most important programs and a major part of human resource management. Especially in defense sector and military organizations formal training courses are so important. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the status of educational activities of Shaheed Khezraie Air Training Center and its effect on educational efficiency of this center. This research based on research achievements is an applied developmental type and based on research objectives is a descriptive-case study. Data were gathered by survey method and analyzed by correlation method. The statistical population of the research is a collection of top-notch educational experts that using non-probabilistic sampling method (judgment), 50 people were selected. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by inferential statistics (variance analysis, correlation coefficient, multiple regression); the results of the research indicate that educational boarding activities (elementary combat training, language lessons and general and specialized courses), as well as cultural boarding activities affect educational efficiency. Also, educational boarding activities and cultural boarding activities have a mutually reinforcing effect.

Since the inception of CIA, it has carried out various operational functions called "secret operations" in addition to cognitive and supervisory functions, according to the policy maker's demand, which has failed in some and succeeded in others. In addition to its impact on the political and economic conditions of foreign countries, it has also affected military conditions; in the wars, they run operations that can be categorized as CIA executive functions, since they usually remain hidden until the disclosure of the mission and, until it is exposed, it has hit the enemy effectively. The present study seeks to assess the CIA's role in the American war against Iraq, which has been ranked in three strategic, operational, and tactical levels. This descriptive and analytical study shows that the CIA has had a significant executive role in addition to its cognitive role in Iraq; although the failure of the United States in Iraq has affected its executive role, the organization has been working hard on the operation of Iraqi Freedom, facilitating operations and reducing casualties; The psychological warfare before, during and after the war, the presence of operational teams in the Kurdistan of Iraq and Jordan’s border, the establishment of oil wells before and during operations can be named the most prominent ones. This research shows how the intelligence agencies can use their capabilities to successfully achieve the war objectives and reduce the cost and casualties.

Nowadays, prospective military organizations are expected to look at the future, providing the necessary platform for the smart design and construction of the future battle scene, because the smartest way is to prepare for unpredictable things. Of course, it must be prepared by "preparing" to adapt to what is likely to happen, to provide conditions for the events of the future battle scene as they are desirable. Prospective military organizations want to know what future battle scenes can take place (possible), what more likely combat scenes will be formed (probability), and what battle scenes should be set up (preferred). These organizations are trying to create new images of the future; images of possible discoveries and perspectives, the results of systematic reviews of possible future, and high-quality evaluations of the future. The key to prevent of being surprised and surprise the enemy on the scene of the future battle lies in the context of the "paradigm”. The military paradigms governing the minds of the commanders determine the behavior and direction of the development of their capabilities in the future. In this paper, the concepts of effective components in how the future is shaped, such as weak signs of change, surprises, trends, propulsion and paradigms were introduced and methods of observation, identification and analysis of these components were mentioned. Finally, on the basis of these concepts and methods, in order to prevent of being surprised and surprise the enemy on the scene of the future battle, the implementation of three sections, the Center for the Theory and Production of Exquisite Islamic Science, the Observatory for Science and Technology, and the Strategic Research Center for the Drawing of the Future Battle Scene, were proposed in a coherent and integrated system and in the form of a "rapid strategic warning" system.

This study aimed to explain how to select the appropriate missile and artillery system in the future battlefield using fuzzy algorithm and provide solutions for solving decision problems in this regard. There are various criteria and indicators that are effective in choosing appropriate missile and artillery systems in the future battlefield, each with benefits and limitations. On the other hand, based on the theory of fuzzy sets, the process of fuzzy hierarchy analysis is one of the most powerful multi-criteria decision-making techniques; therefore, in this paper, fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making techniques were used to evaluate the criteria and prioritize options. Eighty experts were selected as sample population and information was collected through a questionnaire. The bipolar scale was used to assess and measure the criteria; in the following, the Shannon entropy method was used to weight the criteria and the Fuzzy TOPSIS method was used to prioritize the options. The results of the data analysis showed that the guided missile system with a Weighted mean of 0.58 is the best system and heavy artillery with weight of 0.55, medium artillery with weight of 0.39 and light artillery with weight of 0.32 are in the following priorities.