Jundishapur Journal of Chronic Disease Care
Volume:7 Issue: 3, Jul 2018

Context: Prevention and early diagnosis of diseases such as dementia can interrupt the destruction, complications, and disabilities caused by the diseases, reduce costs, and improve the quality of life of patients. The current study aimed at overviewing the early premonitory dementia as a step forward to the promotion of health in the community.
Evidence Acquisition: The current systematic review was conducted to systematically access relevant online - based studies on domestic and international databases (Magiran, SID, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus) and the Google Scholar search engine with the following keywords: dementia, elderly, and early diagnostic tests, from 1996 to 2017.
Totally, 25 studies were selected. Differences were observed between the articles in terms of methodology, sample size, method of work, applied techniques, etc. The results showed that verbal and linguistic examination, memory, impairment in vision, and olfactory function can be some of the early indicators for dementia. Motor and language function tests are the most frequently studied tests for dementia screening. However, many other screening tests had comparable diagnostic abilities; cognitive tests had better performance than the other dementia screening tests; olfactory test is an easy test to detect dementia.
Since mild cognitive impairment has adverse effects on the quality of life and performance, risk reduction is important. Early diagnosis and modifying major factors can postpone or prevent the onset of dementia during a mild cognitive phase.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men.
This study aims to identify the knowledge level regarding prostate cancer screenings in men aged 40 and over.
This study is an analytical descriptive study. It was conducted with 2224 participants in Agri, Turkey between April 2017 and July 2017. Data were collected using the personal identification form and the knowledge test about prostate cancer screenings.
The average age of the participants was found 54.61 ± 11.59. An analysis of knowledge test categorical score distribution showed that 93.7% of the participants had a low knowledge level regarding the issue. A negative and statistically significant relationship was found between age and mean scores for the knowledge test about prostate cancer screenings (p Participants’ knowledge level regarding prostate cancer screenings was found to be low. Therefore, men aged 40 and over should be informed about prostate cancer screenings specifically by healthcare personnel and researchers or through media sources.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, destructive metabolic disease. One of the factors that can affect the mental and physical health of diabetic patients is spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence.
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence in patients with type 2 diabetes.
This descriptive - correlational study was performed on 100 patients with type 2 diabetes who referred to the Kermanshah Diabetes Research Center and selected by the convenient sampling method. In order to determine the spiritual intelligence in diabetic patients, the King’s Spiritual Intelligence was used while Petrides & Furnham Inventory of Emotional Intelligence was applied to evaluate emotional intelligence. In order to analyze the data, SPSS version 22 was used.
The mean age of the patients was 39.97 ± 11.8. The mean score of spiritual intelligence was 52.10 ± 18.05 and the mean score of emotional intelligence was 127.62 ± 23.88. The results showed that there was a positive significant difference between spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence and its subscales in patients with type 2 diabetes (P > 0.001).
It can be concluded that spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence can complement each other in order to increase diabetes self - management and adaptive mechanisms in patients. The more the patient is against wrong behaviors of others and trusts in God for his/her tasks, the better the individual can manage his/her daily activities in life and provide a context for emotional intelligence development.

Haemophilia (hemophilia) is a chronic and inherited genetic disorder that can cause physical and mental problems, as well as harm the individual and social life of families. The present paper aimed to survey the role of perceived stress in families of patients with hemophilia and its role in the prediction of cognitive failures and mental health in patients with hemophilia.
The present paper was a descriptive - correlational study. The population of the study comprised 370 patients with hemophilia and one of their companions in 2017. Using convenience sampling, 188 patients were chosen by the use of Morgan’s formula. Data were gathered using cognitive failures, mental health, and perceived stress questionnaires. The data were analyzed in SPSS - 16 using Pearson correlation and Stepwise Regression.
The results showed a significant positive correlation between cognitive failure of patients with hemophilia and negative perception of stress in families of patients with hemophilia (r = 0.195, P = 0.05). There was also a significant negative correlation between the mental health of patients with hemophilia and negative perception of stress in the families (r = 1.060, P The findings showed that negative perception of stress in patients with hemophilia and their families could predict cognitive failure and mental health of these patients. Therefore, it is necessary to provide more access to strong social support networks and provide parents and patients with essential information about hemophilia, in addition to current hemophilia treatments.

One of the most important problems of the elderly with chronic diseases is lack of medication adherence that imposes huge costs on every country health care system.
The aim of present study was to examine effective determinants on medication adherence in elderly patients with chronic diseases.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted at two teaching hospitals in Qom, Iran, in 2016. A total of 100 patients aged 60 and older were selected by convenience sampling. Data collection tools were three questionnaires such as Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS-8), brief illness perception questionnaire (B-IPQ), hospital anxiety, and depression scale (HADS). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed for statistical assessment.
The mean and standard deviation age of the patients was 65.4 ± 5.2. More than two-thirds of the patients (71.4%) had poor medication adherence. In addition, among the variables entered into the multiple logistic regression model with P Medication adherence in elderly patients with chronic diseases was poor and illness perceptions were effective in medication adherence in elderly with chronic diseases.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic disease. Limitation in the patient’s independence eventually has a negative impact on their quality of life.
The aim of this study was to assess the association between the severity of disease and patients’ quality of life in Hamadan city, western Iran.
In this cross-sectional study, 72 patients with MS were selected using simple sampling in Hamadan, during year 2015. Patients were divided to three groups based on their score of expanded disability status scale (EDSS). expanded disability status scale was classified at three levels of 0 to 3.5, 4.0 to 6.5, and 7.0 to 9.5. Data were collected using the multiple sclerosis quality of life-54 instrument (MSQOL-54). Data was analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the SPSS 18 software.
Quality of life in three groups of MS patients had a significant difference (P Patients with MS and low EDSS had higher quality of life than other EDSS levels. It is recommended for education and empowerment to be provided to people with middle and high scores in EDSS.

This study has been conducted with the objective of investigating the impact of educational packages of prevention of metabolic syndrome on knowledge and attitude of primary school teachers.
The study is in kind of quasi experimental research. In this study, according to the Cochran formula, sampling was done using easy non-random sampling method from the selected schools of Dezful city. The participants were randomly divided into two experimental (n = 72) and control (n = 72) groups. Division of selected individuals to each studied group was done using block random method and using 6-member blocks. Then, both groups fulfilled the researcher-made questionnaire (knowledge and attitude associated with metabolic syndrome) with previously proved validity and reliability. The experimental group was exposed to educations related to prevention of metabolic syndrome (intervention) through educational package. After that, the intervention group was allowed for 1 month to use new skills. Then, the obtained data were analyzed statistically in SPSS-22.
According to the obtained results, the mean age range of participants in the intervention group is 39.5 and it is equal to 37.5 years old in the control group. A majority of participants were female (intervention: 61.1 and control: 87.5%). In terms of education level, a majority of participants had a post-diploma and BA degree (intervention: 84.7 and control: 74.6%). A majority of sample individuals were married (intervention: 61.1 and control: 69.4%). In terms of job status, a majority of participants were teachers (intervention: 65.3 and control: 61.1%) and a majority of students in this study were in grade 6 of primary school (intervention: 44.4 and control: 48.6%). According to obtained results, the mean value of knowledge of intervention group was significantly higher than their values before the intervention (P Teachers and other educational employees facing a wide range of students and their health and promotion of knowledge and attitude towards the health of students through various methods such as educational packages could help modification of behaviors associated with health of students in all dimensions, especially physical dimension.

The aim of this study was to compare a group of children with primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) with a healthy control group by assessing sleep quality.
This observational study comprised of 116 children aged between 5 and 15; 58 children, who had natural PNE and had attended the urology clinic as outpatients, and 58 healthy controls, who had referred to Baqiyatallah and Najmiyeh hospitals, Tehran, in 2016 and were selected by simple random sampling. All participants performed the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) test. The SPSS 13.0 (SPSS Inc.) software was used for data analysis.
Ten children (17%) from patients with PNE were preterm or had a difficult delivery (P = 0.02). Most healthy children (n = 26) had eight to ten hours of sleep each night, while in patients, the largest number (n = 28) had six to eight hours of sleep each night (P = 0.09). The need for the presence of parents or toys was higher in children with PNE. Being accustomed to eating and drinking before bedtime was significantly higher in children with PNE (P Sleep problems in children with enuresis is one of the most important problems, which affects their lives. The current study confirms sleeping problems in children with enuresis. Sleep and enuresis have mutual impressions and one has to consider improvising of sleep quality in children with enuresis.