International Journal of Children and Adolescents
Volume:3 Issue: 1, Feb 2017

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) is a thrombotic microangiopathy that contains hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure and other organ involvement including central nervous system. Frequency of neurologic complications in patients with HUS is high and important cause of mortality. This study was performed to determine seizure disorders in term of acute neurologic complications in children with HUS.
In this descriptive, cross sectional study, 46 children with diagnosis of HUS were admitted to the Nephrology ward of Ali-Asghar Children’s Hospital from 2010 to 2015. They were evaluated about age, sex, neurologic complications including seizure, diarrhea, PICU admission and mortality rate.
In this Study,46 patients were enrolled. Twenty-five (54.3%) patients were male. Mean age was 4.65±4.2 (range from 4month to 15 year). Acute neurologic complications were seen in 16(34.8%) of patients including seizures in 8(17.5%) of cases. Diarrhea was seen in 21(46%) of cases and 18(39%) of patients admitted in PICU. Four (9%) cases died and two of them had seizures. There was no relationship between seizure disorders and age, sex, diarrhea and mortality rate. There was a significant association between mortality and age (p value =0.049, CI=95%, lower = -8.60, upper= -0.02) and between mortality and PICU admission (p=0.009).
In children with HUS neurologic complications such as seizure is common. Mortality rate is higher in younger patients specially with early admission in PICU.

Bronchiolitis is a lower respiratory tract infection leading to hospitalization of children under two years of age. It is common in cases with younger ages, history of prematurity, cardiopulmonary diseases and immune deficiency. This study was performed to determine demographic features, frequency of risk factors seasonal patterns in children with bronchiolitis.
In this descriptive, cross sectional study, 96 children with diagnosis of bronchiolitis were admitted to the pulmonology ward of Ali-Asghar Children’s Hospital from April to March 2016. They were evaluated about age, sex, frequency of risk factors and seasonal patterns of disease. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.20.
In this study, 96 patients with diagnosis of bronchiolitis were evaluated. Mean age was 6.54±3.7 months. Fifty (52%) cases were male.70 (73%) patients had history of breast-feeding. Twenty-two (23%) and 34 (35.5%) of patients had weight lower than 2500 grams and gestational age lower than 37 weeks at birth. Fortytwo (44%) cases had at least one smoker in their first relatives. There was asthma and allergy history in 42 (44%) and 14 (14.5%) of cases, respectively. Most admissions were in January to April.
Bronchiolitis was seen in patients less than one year-old and frequent risk factors was passive smoking. Most cases were admitted in winter.

Type I drug hypersensitivity reactions causes immune responses that could endanger life. Therefore this study was designed with the aim of evaluation and register reactions that caused by chemotherapy in hospitalized children in Rasoul Akram Hospital in 2015.
This is a descriptive, cross sectional study. All statistical calculation was performed using the version 21 SPSS software. Significant level of tests was considered 0.05 (p the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions in the study population is estimated to be 4.9%. The results also showed that men have been experiencing more hypersensitivity reactions.
Cancers such as ALL (29%), retinoblastoma (22.6%) neuroblastoma (19.4%) and brain tumor (12.9%) have been the highest among all kinds of treated cancers. Based on the severity of the reaction, nausea and abdominal cramps (41.9%), skin changes, including flushing, hives and pruritus (35.5%), skin and lips angioedema (22.6%) had the highest prevalence.
The results showed that in more than half of the studied samples hypersensitivity reaction started in less than 10 minutes after drug administration. Most drug reaction is to vincristine, cisplatin, methotrexate, AraC (cytarabine) and carboplatinum and the majority of reactions have occurred after phase3 of chemotherapy that is comparable with previous studies.

This study was performed to investigate long-term complications of Respiratory Syncytial Viral infections in patients admitted to Ali Asghar Hospital with acute respiratory infections who presented to follow-up outpatient clinics 6 months to 3 years after discharge, between years 2009 and 2011.
In this retrospective observational study that was performed in a descriptive cross-sectional manner, all patients suffering from acute bronchiolitis diagnosed with Respiratory Syncytial Virus, whose diagnosis had been confirmed by RCP of pharyngeal secretions, were included in the study. Data collection was performed through patient file reviews and questionnaires in outpatient clinics between 6 months and 3 years following discharge. Data collection included demographics such as age, sex, and address. Clinical data included inpatient documentations such as history of Atopic Dermatitis or Gastro-esophageal Reflux, or length of stay in Intensive Care Unit (ICU); and follow-up findings such as recurrent wheezing.
Forty patients were included in the study, thirty-five percent of whom were male and 65% female; their average age was 33.6 months (SD: 12.08). The percentage of patients living in urban areas was 92.5%, with 65% living in Tehran. In the follow-up period of 6 months to 3 years, recurrent wheezing was recorded in 15%, pulmonary hypersensitivity in 40%, food allergy in 27.5%, exposure to cigarette smoke in 44.1% and enrolment in child day care facilities in 35% of the cases. In this study, there was no significant correlation between recurrent wheezing and factors such as age, sex, residence in Tehran, history of pre-term birth, length of stay in ICU, re-admission to hospital or exposure to cigarette smoke. There was a significant correlation between recurrent wheezing and atopic dermatitis and food allergy (p In previous studies, Respiratory Syncytial Virus had been connected to complications such as recurrent wheezing; in this study, about 15% of patients followed up between 6 months and 3 years of discharge from hospital were found to have recurrent wheezing; there was a correlation between incidence of recurrent wheezing and factors such as atopic dermatitis or food allergies. Larger or multi-central studies are recommended to investigate long-term complications of RSV infection and their relationship with other predisposing factors.

A five month-old girl was admitted in Ali Asghar Children’s Hospital with a history of three months of fever, cough and dyspnea that her symptoms have exacerbated since two weeks before admission. She was the first child of the family born to consanguineous parents. She was clinically healthy in the past and had gained weight normally and undergone vaccination program with no complication until the age of 5 months. Her CMV infection rapidly progressed and she was admitted in PICU for severe respiratory distress.