فهرست مطالب

basic science in medicine - Volume:3 Issue: 2, Jun 2018

International journal of basic science in medicine
Volume:3 Issue: 2, Jun 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/03/11
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Ali Aliabadi, Haleh Farsad Habibi *, Yosef Mehdi Pour, Samane Saravani Aval Pages 53-58
    Introduction
    Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of blindness in the world. Telemedicine is one of the best solutions for providing high-quality screening for many diabetic patients.
    Methods
    This research is a systematic review study, in which all published papers related to the subject matter of the study were reviewed during the period from March 2001 to June 2017.To find Internet search articles, Irandoc, Barakat Knowledge Network System, Magiran and SID, and foreign PubMed and Google Scholar databases, with Persian and English keywords, were searched internally. Out of the 59 articles retrieved into English, at last, 11 related articles were identified and examined.
    Result
    Four articles focused specifically on a program and application, six papers on effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, and an article on the satisfaction and collaboration of caregivers and caregivers. Most studies were evaluated economically. And in programs and applications, more studies (five studies) examined the patient's assessment and its results for reducing blindness.
    Conclusion
    Telemedicine applications have been clinically validated and successfully implemented around the world. Low-cost and portable digital cameras are used in this way. One of the benefits of this is the high level of clinical accuracy, easy patient access, cost-effectiveness.
    Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, Telemedicine, Tele ophthalmology
  • Zahra Zendehboodi * Pages 59-62
    Mizaj, one of the basic concept of Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM), plays an important role in maintaining the healthy state of an individual as well as diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Despite its effectiveness, the mechanisms of mizaj dependence treatment in practical ITM has not been steel well understood. This study was aimed to evaluate any association between the mizaj and superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) polymorphism. The study was carried out on individuals healthy for blood donation. All participants were from Fars province, southern Iran. To determine the Participants’ temperaments a self-reported mizaj identification scale was used. Two hundred eighty males with equilibrium or any of four simple mizajs (Warm, Cold, Moist, and Dry) were included in the study. The SOD1 genotypes were determined using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method. Multinomial logistic regression was used to calculate ORs and 95% CI for the association of temperament with SOD1 polymorphism. No any association between the Ins/Del polymorphism of SOD1 and each of mizaj groups were found. The result of this study indicated that the temperament is not affected by the Ins/Del polymorphism of SOD1. Further research with larger samples and with other genes of antioxidant system is recommended.
    Keywords: Mizaj, Temperament, Polymorphism, SOD1
  • Samaneh Raiszadeh Jahromi * Pages 63-71
    Ethanol is known to be an effective inducer of oxidative stress in the brain tissues. Drosophila melanogaster is suitable in vivo model system to study neurotoxic effects of ethanol. The behavioral responses, levels of oxidative markers, and activity of antioxidant enzymes have been investigated in ethanol-exposed Drosophila flies. The results showed that acute ethanol exposure leads to hyperactivity of flies. If alcohol exposure is prolonged then sedation has occurred in the experimental flies. The latter was measured by sensitivity time (ST50) and recovery time (RC50). The levels of ROS and LPO (as cellular markers of oxidative stress) are significantly increased in ethanol-exposed flies while GSH level was declined. Furthermore, higher activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were observed in the same group of flies. Ethanol neurotoxicity became more evident when a remarkable decrease of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity was seen in ethanol-exposed fruit flies. To battle ethanol neurotoxicity natural antioxidants would be the best choice. According to previously reported studies on the antioxidant capacity of Decalepis hamiltonii (Dh) root extract, its protecting effect in this toxicity model has been investigated. Surprisingly, Dh aqueous extract treatment has increased the time of ST50 and decreased the RC50 values of ethanol-exposed flies. Moreover, we demonstrated that Dh pre-treatment can diminish the ROS and LPO levels. Dh treatment results in augment of GSH level and activity of CAT and SOD enzymes. Antioxidant potential of Dh could restore AChE activity too. This is the first report on protective effects of Dh natural antioxidants in Drosophila melanogaster against oxidative stress induced by ethanol.
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster, Decalepis hamiltonii, Ethanol, ST50, RC50, Oxidative stress
  • Katayoon Karimzadeh * Pages 72-77
    Background
    Fisheries wastes are the unique sources of natural products which structural and chemical characteristics of their extracted compounds are different from those of terrestrial animals. They are known as a rich source of bioactive molecules, including collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAGs).In the present study, we extracted and analysed anticoagulant activity of glycosaminoglycan from fish (Rutilus frisii kuum) scales
    Materials And Methods
    The glycosaminoglycan compounds were extracted using cationic salt of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum was used to identify and compare the structure of the extracted glycosaminoglycan with heparin. Anticoagulant property of extracted glycosaminoglycan was measured by prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and thrombin time (TT) on human blood at three concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 µg/ml.
    Results
    The value of the extracted glycosaminoglycan was estimated approximately 23.8 mg/g of dry tissue.FTIR analysis results confirmed the presence of heparin-like compounds in fish scales glycosaminoglycan. Human Plasma coagulation time increased significantly with extracted GAGs concentration incriminated. Since at a concentration of 200 µg/ml, coagulation time as aPTT was 4.3 times that of control and coagulation time was prolonged about 138.6 seconds.
    Conclusions
    The results of the current study showed that the glycosaminoglycan extracted from fish scales had valuable anticoagulant property compared to synthetic anticoagulant compounds such as heparin.
    Keywords: fish, glycosaminoglycan, anticoagulant, cetylpyridinium chloride
  • Leila Fozouni *, Afsaneh Hajimohammad Pages 78-82
    Background
    Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main human pathogens which should be taken into account as one of the main hospital infections due to its colonization in the nose of carrier personnel.The present study aims to determine the frequency of resistance to mupirocin in the hospital carriers of Staphylococcus aureus, and to investigate the antimicrobial effect of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles on the growth of resistant strains.
    Methods
    In this cross-sectional study, samples were taken from the anterior nasal part of 150 hospital staff in Gorgan, using a sterile swab. Being cultured on Mannitol salt agar, the suspected colonies were identified through Gram staining, as well as catalase, coagulase and DNase tests. Resistance of the strains to mupirocin was tested using microdilution Broth test. Besides, the antibacterial effect of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles(ZnONPs) on the mupirocin-resistant strains was also investigated using agar well diffusion method.
    Results
    In this study, the frequency of Staphylococcus aureus was 32%, out of which 6.2% showed high resistance to mupirocin and 29.2% showed low resistance to this antibiotic. The results of this study showed that Zinc Oxide nanoparticles have the most inhibitory effect on the growth of mupirocin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the density of 400 mg/ml.
    Conclusion
    The Zinc Oxide nanoparticle used in this study had a high antimicrobial activity against all the drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, and their bactericidal properties also increased by raising the density of the nanoparticle.
    Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, mupirocin, Zinc Oxide nanoparticle, hospital carriers
  • Zahra Sadat Pormozafari *, Mohsen Aminaie, Rohollah Nikooie Pages 83-88
    Introduction
    The aim of present study was to determine the effect of eight weeks resistance training and the supplementation of leucine on protein synthesis in the elderly men with sarcopenia.
    Methods
    A total of 40 elderly men residing in the elderly nursing center were randomly chosen and divided into four groups including Resistance Training and Leucine Supplement (RTLS=10), Resistance Training (RT=10), Leucine Supplement (LS=10), and Control (C=10). Resistance training was performed 8 weeks with intensity training %35-70 of one repetition maximum (1RM) for 20-45 minutes. The group supplement consumed 3 grams of leucine amino acid in every meal. The serum insulin concentration, urine nitrogen, muscle mass, and muscle strength were measured one day before the protocol and 72 hours after the last training session. Ancova was analyzed within and between group changes. Bonferroni post hoc test was used to determine the difference between every two groups.
    Results
    Results showed that Urine nitrogen and muscle mass levels increased significantly after 8 weeks of RT compared to the C group (p
    Conclusion
    The results of this study revealed that the muscle protein synthesis increased after resistance training in skeletal muscle. This indicates that the rate of sarcopenia reduced as a result of resistance training. In addition, resistance training along with consuming leucine supplement was effective in improving muscle strength.
    Keywords: Resistance exercise, Leucine, Protein synthesis, Older men, Sarcopenia
  • Parisa Nourbakhsh, Ali Ganji, Iman Farahani, Rezvan Hosseinian, Fatemeh Yeganefard, Rezvan Mirzaee, Ghasem Mosayebi * Pages 89-93
    Background And Objective
    Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death and the most common solid malignancy in women worldwide. Omentin-1 is produced by visceral adipose tissue, placenta, and ovary that its production is affected by some cancers. The aim of this study was to assess omentin-1 in patients with breast cancer to be applied as a biomarker in the diagnosis of breast cancer.
    Methods
    In this case-control study, 45 patients with breast cancer and 45 healthy women as control group were included. In addition to anthropometric and blood parameters analysis, omentin-1 serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays method. Receiver operator characteristic curve and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) were calculated to define the diagnostic accuracy.
    Results
    Serum omentin-1 level in breast cancer group was significantly lower than the control group. There was no significant correlation between omentin-1 levels and anthropometric and blood parameters analysis. The best cut-off point for the diagnosis of breast cancer was at 146 ng/L. Calculated PPV and NPV based on 66% disease prevalence were 88.8% and 51.5%, respectively.
    Conclusions
    Serum level of omentin-1 was significantly lower than the healthy group, so, it can be used as a screening test along with the early-approved methods in diagnosis of patients with breast cancer in the future.
    Keywords: adipokine, breast cancer, omentin, 1