فصلنامه مطالعات و تحقیقات اجتماعی در ایران
سال هفتم شماره 4 (زمستان 1397)

Life satisfaction is concept which has received considerable attention in scientific research in last decades. This study examines the relationship between life satisfaction and the level of religiosity in Iran. Using the data from the third wave of national survey of Iranian values and attitudes, this study investigated the effects of religiosity dimensions including faith in God, personal prayer and mosque attendance on the level of life satisfaction. The national survey was conducted in 2015 with a national sample of 14906 participants including both urban and rural population by ministry of culture and Islamic Guidance. Unlike previous studies, the results indicate that difference in life satisfaction among Shiites and Sunnis is not statistically significant. In addition, the findings of the regression models show that, at the national level, all three variables of trust in God (Tavakol), daily prayer and mosque attendance are directly and positively related to life satisfaction. However, if the sample of the research is confined to the province of Tehran, such a relationship cannot be verified. It is concluded that this difference in the findings may be due to statistical constraints or the lack of proper knowledge regarding the relationship between religiosity and a sense of life satisfaction in Iranian society.

The present article aims to study the life line of women undergoing methadone treatment, using qualitative research method and phenomenological interpretation studies. Hence, in-depth interviews have been conducted with 15 women at the Drop in Center (DIC). In this study, the life line of womens was studied in two periods before and after consumption. Findings of the research show that five main categories of anomy in the family, living in deviation- oriented families, marital crises, victimization experiences and attempts to heal and curiosity and adventure have been formulated in the study of the pre-consumption life of women. Which shows how women are on the trail of drug use. Research findings also show that women interviewed in describing their course of life in post-use period have narrated several narratives of narcotic effects on their lives, whose effects on their lives in the four main categories of consumption And physical and mental transformation, consumption and increase sexual relations, the collapse of the family and decrease social status. which can Provides rich information on the identification and understanding of the causes of substance use in women, as well as the conditions for the release and the way of rehabilitation and treatment from substance use.

This article attempts to interpret the ways through which the consumers construct pleasures, meanings and identities in urban public spaces in Sanandaj, and to explain how these spaces homogenize the consumers. Urbanization provides public spaces imbued with signs and images that send different implications to people. In fact, people are participating in urban public life through consuming these signs and images which in turn affects and changes individual social behaviors. This research, using critical ethnography to study the young consumers in Sanandaj, gathered data through techniques such as direct observation and individual deep interview. The sample was selected by purposeful sampling and the data were analyzed through thematic interpretation. The findings showed that the youth consume signs and images in a mood embed with both resistance and assimilation. At one hand, consuming signs is a way to resist the dominant codes and discourses, and at the other is a way of being assimilated to social codes and meanings produced by culture industry. So we can conclude that consuming images and signs in urban spaces primarily consists of a dialectic called the interaction of individuality and spaces. According to this dialectic, individuals try to resists the rules and codes which are imposed by urban spaces, but in this attempt to resistence they are not completely successful.

This study explores the agents' lived experience and their perception of the Intermediary investors in the housing market. This study is qualitative in research nature, exploratory in approach, applied in purpose and cross-sectional in time. Accordingly employing Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory approach, deep interviews with 20 of active people in the housing market in Mashhad was done. After coding scripts 228 sub-categories were obtained. After several coding steps, 17 core categories were identified. Finally, based on selective coding, the central phenomenon was called "Intermediary investors as professional speculator ". The results of the research showed that the central identified idea is affected by the set of contextual conditions include "the improvement of middlemen in metropolitan life", "Variety of land ownership and housing patterns in the metropolis of Mashhad", "The pattern of welfare policy in Iran" and "Historical changes in investment in Iran". Intervenes conditions include "An intermediary investor as an informed actor", "Awareness of rival markets", and "Occupation and age conditions". The causal conditions include "Density and multiplicity of experience", "Have enough capital", "Favorable personality features". The social actors (Intermediary investors), taking strategies such as "Collusion with the real estate agency", "Temporary role replacement", "Suspension presence" and "Double presence"; which lead to consequences such as "Dependence on market flows", "Flexible position in the market", "Conflict with a Social status challenge" and "Maximum profitability".

One of the responsibilities of sociological studies and Necessity of Urbana's management is Understanding and finding out of structure of social stratification in city's Spaces. This Paper tries to provide sociological description and analysis, and Mapping social stratification in Tehran's Neighborhoods and Reigns.
The Methods of data collection has been quantitative. The sample of households was 12000 and sample of Neighborhoods was 105. Two social stratification indicators (Economic power and social statues) and two Clustering indicator (Local belonging and Using Neighborhood's service) were analyzed.
According to the findings, distribution of social stratification is almost clear for residents of Tehran based on the upper and lower parts of the city. Although there are exceptions. Finding shows three indicators: economic power, social status and local belonging as represent Wealth, Dignity and Satisfaction with the place of residence have significant and strongly correlated together. The aggregation of these three indicators in the neighborhoods of regions 1, 2, 3 is high and in the neighborhoods of regions 15, 16, 17 and 18 is very low.so, This represents a clear bi-polar in Tehran. It can be the source of important social problems in the city and should be thought out to mitigate the consequences of it.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the modality among citizens of West Azarbaijan province, with an emphasis on the modality typology (leisure, identity, protest, pleasure, passive, and functional), which, in line with the aim of the research, is to identify and study the status of modernd styles and the goals of moderately emphasized On the factors influencing the tendency towards a variety of moderates has been addressed. The statistical population of this research is citizens aged 15-64 years old in West Azarbaijan Province. In terms of method Using a survey method, 350 people were selected as sample using by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The instrument for data collection was a researcher-made questionnaire which has been evaluated for validity and reliability. Data were collected using questionnaires filled out by individuals and analyzed by SPSS and AMOS software. The results indicate that the mean of different modality styles was lower than the expected average level, and only the average passive moderation was above the expected average. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient show that there is a positive and significant correlation between cultural capital and leisure model, pleasure and function, but there is no correlation between identity, protest and passive modality. Correlation between different types of modality and economic capital has not been meaningful. There was also a positive correlation between social capital and identity modeling and pleasure.

A reflection on the fragile Living cause of the Second Constitutional Revolution in the Iranian Society (1329-1327) The second constitution following a year of resistance and the armed struggle of militia under the auspices of the ulama was once again deployed in Iranian society. Nevertheless, the second constitution was similar to the experience of the first Constitutional Revolution, unsustainable, fragile, and instability. The life of this foundation lasted less than two years, and eventually was eliminated with the Russian ultimatum in 1329. The analysis of the fragile Living cause of the second constitution through of the study of the role of the ulama by relying on the theoretical approach of Tocqueville forms core of the present paper. For this purpose, the course of the political activity of the ulama as one of the most influential political forces in the uprising and constitutional revolution has been studied in two stages: first, revitalizing activity and the second stabilizing activity. The research emphasizes that the centralization of political transformation without considering the socio-cultural transformation project appropriate to structural changes is one of the most effective reasons for the short-lived life of the second constitutional revolution.

Today, in our society, due to widespread social changes, inheritance can have many issues. One of the issues that we face in our society with regard to the phenomenon of inheritance is the formation of inheritance disputes. Such disagreements, in the event of continuity in the family and kinship system, create an irreconcilable social interaction among the heirs, and ultimately make irreparable damage to the social capital of the family and kinship system. By adopting qualitative approaches and using the views of the research collaborators who were all in Rasht, this article seeks to answer the fundamental question of what effects and consequences are implausible between heritage? The results of this research show that the process of inertia between the heirs is unprovoked and has devastating consequences, which by eliminating empathy and affection within the system of family and kinship, which is, in the first instance, erosion of the social capital of the family institution. An institution that has a decisive role as the source of production and the strengthening of the social capital of every society. In the event of the erosion of capital, the institution of the family should expect the erosion and disruption of social capital at the community level.