مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان
پیاپی 109 (بهار 1398)

Postpartum Depression (PPD) is the common psychological problem after child's birth that could affect women's health. The limited studies have assessed the relationship between PPD and quality of life. This study aimed to determine this relationship in a sample of Iranian population. In a longitudinal cohort study, 618 pregnant women referred toMazandaran primary health centers(2015-2016) were recruited to this study via cluster sampling. Data were collected using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF36) during 6-8 weeks ofpostpartum. The mean scores of whole SF36 and all domains of it in two groups of postpartum,i.e., depressed and non- depressed women were compared. Data were analyzed using T-test, ANOVA, person correlation and linear regression. The prevalence of postpartum depression was 22.7%. There was a significant difference between mean scores of whole SF36 of postpartum depressed and non- depressed women (64.65 ,11.59 and 74.42 ,10.77, respectively). Also, depression during pregnancy and postpartum were the predictor factors of women' quality of life (p<001). The mean scores of physical functioning, mental health, social role functioning, physical role functioning, emotional role functioning, vitality and general health perception domains of SF36 in depressed women were lower than that in non-depressed ones(P<0.05).Moreover, the mean score of bodily pain in depressed women was more than the non-depressed counterparts. Due to the high prevalence of postpartum depression and its effect on quality of life during an important period of women’s life, the screening and intervention programs to prevent postpartum depression and education of women on improving their quality of life are suggested. Conflict of interest: non declared

Accordingto the extensive use of virtual networks among students, coping styles and personality factors can affect in how to use such tools. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between narcissism with Empathy and Coping styles in Facebook members and non-members. The research design is correlational type, the statistical population included all students of Guilan university of whom 300 students were selected by randomized multistage cluster sampling method and they responded Narcissism (Raskin& Terry, 1988), Empathy (Spreng et al, 2009) and Coping styles (Endler and Parker, 1990) scales. The findings of independent T showed no significant difference between the average of the two groups of girls and boys in scale of empathy (p=0.584) and emotion-focused coping styles (p=0.513). But there was a significant difference in the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (p=0.004) and problem-focused coping styles (p=0.002) between boys and girls (P<0/01). Correlation Analysis showed that the highest correlation among variables, include problem-oriented and empathy variables (r=0.31), followed by Narcissism and join Facebook (r=0.29), Narcissism and gender (r=0.17), Problem-focused coping and gender (r=0.17), and empathy and Narcissism (r= -0.14). Regression analysis also showed that with 5 Predictive (P<0/01) can predict 15% of changes. The results showed that there were no significant differences in measures of empathy and coping styles between the two groups. But a significant difference was observed in the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, so that people join Facebook reported to be more narcissistic than non-members. Conflict of interest: non declared

Good governance theory has been welcomed with emphasis on information transparency and support for in-organizational information in organizational contexts between management and staff since the late 1990s. Structural empowerment also works by empowering employees with useful information in the field of work. To measure the relationship between good governance and structural empowerment components among employees of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. The research is an applied and descriptive survey. The statistical population of the study consisted of the staff of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, which was estimated by cluster sampling in a sample size of 282 people. The data collection tool was a questionnaire of 23 questions of organizational empowerment (Rachel & Wendy, 2003) and a questionnaire of 35 questions of good governance of Moghimi and Ramadan (2011). The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.86 by Cronbach's alpha and the validity of the questionnaire was verified by content validity method and confirmed by experts. To analyze the collected data, the path analysis method was used by statistical software LISREL 8.56 to measure the causal relationship between the variables. The results of this study showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between good governance and structural empowerment components in Guilan University of Medical Sciences, and good governance is 0.77, 0.69 and 0.83, explaining the components of a dynamic structural framework Control of workplace decision and Fluidity in information sharing. Considering the results we can conclude that good governance and empowerment of the organization are in one direction and in line with the promotion of good governance, the structural empowerment components could bepromoted. Conflict of interest: non declared

Researchers usually search for medications of infertility. Hence, this study was done to determine the effects of L-Carnitine and exercise on histological changes of testicular tissue after Boldenone steroid use in male rats. Assessment of the effects of L-Carnitine with Endurance training after Boldenone use on testicular tissue changes in male rats. In this interventional study, 42 male rats were randomized in control (n=7) and sham (n=7) and boldenone (n=28) groups. The boldenone group was divided into four groups. First group was sacrificed after 8 weeks. Three other groups include: Without treatment group, L-carnitine 400 mg/kg for 5 weeks and group of L-carnitine 400 mg/kg with endurance training. After preparation the histological testicular tissues were assessed using light microscope. The control group had no change.  In the boldenone group with a dose of 5 mg/kg moderate changes in seminiferous and severe alterations in leydig and sertoli and spermatogenic cells were observed. Moderate changes of seminiferous and spermatogenic cells and mild alterations of sertoli and leidig cells were observed in without treatment group. Also, a mild change of spermatogenic cells in L-carnitine with endurance training group was detected. According to the results, it may be concluded that L-Carnitine with endurance training has proper healing effects on histological changes of testicular tissue after Boldenone use. Conflict of interest: non declared

Infertility and its treatment bring about such consequences as disturbance, frustration, depression, anxiety, hopelessness, feeling of guilt, and feeling of worthlessness in life. Determine the components of mindfulness and cognitive emotion regulation strategies on body image infertile couples Shiraz. The present research was a descriptive correlational study. All infertile couples presenting to the Mother and Child Hospital of Shiraz in the summer of 2013, constituted the statistical population of this study. The research sample consisted of 120 infertile couples who were selected via convenience sampling method. Body Image, Five Facet Mindfulness and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaires were employed to collect data. Data analysis was performed through Pearson correlation and Stepwise regression analysis. The results showed a positive correlation between body image and all components of mindfulness consisting of observation (r = 0.19, P = 0.003), description (r = 0.36, P= 0.000), act with awareness (r = 0.33, P = 0.000), accept without judgment (r = 0.27, P= 0.000) and lack of response to internal experience (r = 0.26, p = 0.000). Also, there was a negative correlation between the mean of body image and negative emotional regulation strategies including self-blame (r = -0.26, P = 0.000), rumination (r = -0.16, P = 0.004), and catastrophe  (r =-0.27, P = 0.000). Also, the results revealedapositive correlation between body image and positive cognitive strategies of emotion regulation including positive refocus (r = 0.35, P = 0.000), refocus on planning (r = 0.38, P = 0.000), positive reappraisal (r = 0.50, P = 0.000) and putting into perspective (r = 0.23, p = 0.000). Stepwise regression results showed that positive refocus (β=0.51), rumination (β=-0.16), observation observation (β=0.22) and self-blame (β=-0.16) are predictive power of body image in infertile couples and explain for 41.9% of the variance of infertile couples' body image. The findings of this study confirmed the relationship between mindfulness and cognitive emotion regulation strategies with body image of infertile couples. Therefore, it is suggested that the necessary conditions be provided for the collaboration of infertility specialists with psychologists in infertility treatment centers and it is also recommended that psychological counseling centers be established in these centers in order to improve the psychological problems of these patients. Conflict of interest: non declared

Physical inactivity as a reason of 6 percent of mortality is identified as the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality. Women are more inactive than men. Health volunteers are one of the most important loops of primary health care networks for educating the urban community. Applying the Stage of Change Model as an integrated pattern in behavior change is a good guide to exercise interventions. To determine the effect of intervention based on Stage of Change Model on the promotion of physical activity of Health Volunteers in Rasht as pineers in learning healthy lifestyles. This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 176 Health Volunteers in Rasht that randomly assigned into experimental and control groups by multistage sampling. Data were collected by a valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire including demographic data, Stages of Change Model constructs, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-long form) before and 3 months after intervention in two groups. Data were analyzed by Independent T-Test, Paired T-Test, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney U, McNemar, Chi-square, one-Sample and two-sample Kolmogrov-Smirnov in SPSS-18 software. After educational intervention, there was a significant difference in the movement toward physical activity in the experimental group (p=0.005). Also, there was a significant difference between the mean score of physical activity after intervention in the experimental group (p=0.03). The results indicate a positive effect of intervention based on Stage of Change Model on the promotion of physical activity of Health Volunteers. Conflict of interest: non declared

A rare case of tuberculosis in a 50-year-old man presented as a scrotal mass from about 2 years ago, which was associated with renal involvement and one side  hydronephrosis. The patient did not recover with usual treatments, and epididimectomy and biopsy and excision of the right epididymis performed and a sample was sent to examine by pathology. Nectrotizing granulomatous inflammation was reported that improved by prescribing anti-tuberculosis drugs completely.In the scrotal masses and epididimiorchitis, the scrotal tuberculosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis by urologist and radiologist colleagues. Because the disease is completely treated by anti-TB drug therapy, it will reduce the delay in diagnosis and unnecessary orchidectomy.