فصلنامه جامعه، فرهنگ، رسانه
پیاپی 28 (پاییز 1397)

Weber's interpretation method, to the credit of that the problem of understanding is centered on it, is often subjected to a subjective and individualist approach that has a distinct boundary with an objective and holistic approach. Weber's well-known commentators have considered him methodology to be non- experimental and introspective. In this paper, we tried to rethink this common image of him methodology by relying on Weber's main texts to clarify the problem of objectivity and how to achieve objective knowledge, which is an important principle in Weber's methodology. Based on ontology and epistemology derived from Weber's texts, the interpretation of casual correct, It also requires mental competence requires casual competence and consistent with the facts as well, And, on the other hand, though the understanding of the person action , The central signifier forms understanding. But holistic approach is also needed for practical explanation and temporary orientation in research. Therefore, contrary to popular interpretations, there are traces of objectivity and holism in Weber's understanding sociology that cannot with its ontological and epistemological reductionism put it under introspective radical individualism.

The purpose of this article is to assess the tendency of women to practice fitness in a club in Tehran. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with eight members of the club, and the field theory approach was used to analyze the data. The research results are categorized in three parts: conditions, interactions, and outcomes. The findings show that the three categories of "attention to the body under the protection of health", "change of space", and "media and social networks" are among the conditions and conditions that have an impact on encouraging women to exercise sport. are. Also, the interactions that take place in the club lead to mutual attention in the club and its affirmation and admiration, which is effective in their motivation. In addition, the consequences of exercising these people in general are: lifestyle changes, mental relaxation, fitness, identification, new leisure, social acceptability. In general, the results indicate that the tendency to exercise among the women studied is to manage the body for identification.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of book publication, printing and printing offices in the Bushehr Province between the years 2001-2011.Research

This research is a documentary study and the study population consisted of all books published between the years 2001-2011. Descriptive statistics including percentage, average, and also charts was used as the statistical analysis to describe the book feature. In this study several databases were studied for the statistical census of the published books, and finally the database of “Book House Institution” was determined as the most complete database in the field of books.

The results of this study showed that between the years 2001-2011, 334 books have been published in the Bushehr Province. Most of the books were published in the year 2004 with 60 titles and the lowest was for the 2011 with 6 titles. The books in the field of literature and religion each with 111 and 82 were the most books published, in contrast, philosophy and psychology books were the least books published with 1 and 2 titles, respectively. Among the books published, translated 58.9%, authored 41.9%, first printed 62.88%, and reprinted books were 11.37%. With regard to the publisher activity.

By providing the possibility to publish more books in provinces and providing books for pupils, students and researchers, it could be possible to further help the increasing of community literacy, expanding of the reading culture, education system, and achieving expertise and skills

One of the major goals and plans of the reform government (1376-1384) was cultural development. The presence of Seyyed Mohammad Khatami with a record of responsibility at the National Library and the Ministry of Culture at the head of the seventh government led to a special look at the issue of cultural development, followed by books and reading books, and reflected in this approach in pro-government newspapers. The analysis of the content of the six reformist newspapers: Fatah, Toos, Today's Ages, Neshat, Khordad, and Azadegan's Era in 1998 and 1999 was the main objective of the study in terms of publishing books and books. The research is a survey and content analysis method was used. In this statistical society, the amount of news, critique, introduction, note, interview, advertising, as well as citations of research papers in the newspapers were examined. The total is 1055 numbers, which were sampled on the basis of the Cochran formula

The purpose of this study is to study the elementary and secondary curriculum components of media literacy components. For this purpose, approved goals and textbooks were examined by content analysis method. The findings of this study showed that the goals of the elementary period were considered to be the access component, but the components of "use", "critical understanding" and "message generation" were not considered. In the goals approved by the first and second secondary schools, The components of "access," "use," and "critical understanding," are not considered, but the component of "message generation" has not been considered. In the first to fifth grade elementary textbooks, there is no mention of media literacy education. In the sixth elementary element, the access component is considered and other components are not considered. At the seventh base, attention has been paid to the components of "access" and "critical understanding", and the components of "use" and "message generation" have not been considered. At the eighth point, all components have been considered. At the ninth, components "Access" and "use" are neglected and other components are neglected. In the second secondary school at the foundation of the tenth edition of the book "Thinking and Media Literacy" has been addressed to all aspects of media literacy. Given the limitless spread of satellite networks and virtual social networks, it is recommended that in elementary and secondary schools curriculum the teaching of components of media literacy, especially the components of "critical understanding" and "production of message" Pay more attention.

Current research is to investigate the relationship between personality and impressionability from media modeling of sport celebrities. This research studies the relationship between personality types and youth and teenagers impressionability of media modeling of sport celebrities using interdisciplinary and mixed methods. In this research, we are going to define the research problem based on the communication theories and audience research and psychology of personality theories. The independent variables in this research have been personality types, socio-economic status and demographic characteristics and the mediating variables have been media consumption, being active or passive audience and the dependent variable has been audience impressionability. Correlation method (path analysis) was used based on the research topic. The statistical population is youth and teenagers (ages between 15 to 35) of Tehran city in this research. Multistage sampling method was used to select within reach samples. Some of the most important results of current research are as follow: Research results show that there is a direct significant relationship between schizophrenic personality type and impressionability from media modeling of sport celebrities.Research results show that there is a direct significant relationship between hysteric personality type and impressionability from media modeling of sport celebrities.Research results show that there is a direct significant relationship between audience type and impressionability from media modeling of sport celebrities.

In the United States, social media platforms serve significant volumes of junk political news and informationduring important moments in political life—particularly elections. In this data memo, we examine the sources ofpolitical news and information that were shared by social media users in the period leading up to the 2018 USmidterms, evaluate the sources, and identify the primary audiences for content that is sensational, extremist,conspiratorial or that has other qualities of junk news. Analyzing 2.5 million tweets and 6,986 Facebook pagesover a 30-day period, we find that (1) the amount of junk news in circulation over social media is greater than itwas during the 2016 US presidential election, with users sharing more junk news than professional news overall,(2) junk news once consumed by President Trump’s support base and the far-right is now being consumed bymore mainstream conservative social media users, and that (3) less than five percent of the sources referenced onsocial media are from public agencies, experts, or the political candidates themselves.