پژوهش نامه تاریخ اجتماعی و اقتصادی
سال هفتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 14، پاییز و زمستان 1397)

One of the most valuable sources of socio-cultural history in Iran is the study of folk stories of every historical period. According to the political, economic, social, and cultural conditions of the storytellers, they create and discuss the time of their time; among them, the vivid and dynamic traditions and rituals of the period are presented. One of the rituals of Iran, which is abundant in the stories of various historical periods, is a ritualistic view. This ritual, which has survived from ancient Iran, can be seen in oral narratives and various written stories throughout Iran's history. This study, by reviewing several stories during different periods, has classified the well-known elements of the ritualism and, in view of them, has examined the ritual of Qajar era in the story of Amir-arsalan. Finally, it has come to the conclusion that despite the fact that from the time of the formation of this religion to the Qajar period it has been a long time and this religion has been dimmed, but the story of the Armenian Amir, one of the most famous folk tales written in this era, still has signs It is in its place.

Tabriz was considered as one of the most important centers of Iranian trade in Ilkhanides. Although due to the collapse of the Ilkhanides, there was an interruption in the foreign trade of the city, Tabriz trade was revived in Qara Qoyunlu and then Aq Qoyunlu eras. From the Ozon Hasan Aq Qoyunlu period, Tabriz became a major market for the exchange of Indian, Chinese, Qepchagh, Iranian, European, Ottoman and Sham goods. There were varieties of Indian spices, Yazdi, Samarqandi, European, Aleppo, all types of sable skins, squirrel, fox, porcelain and Chinese goods such as cloth, gold embroidered blouse, atlas, musk, wax, nail and silk of Ghilan, Mazandaran, Sharvan in Tabriz. Merchants of different lands were gathered in the city and exchanged their goods. The Tabriz merchants exchanged Iran's manufactured goods in Ottoman and Sham with the goods of other lands. In this article, the foreign trade of Tabriz is examined in the Aq Qoyunlu period. Aq Qoyunlu roler understanded with the trade revenue so they prepared the prospering of foreign trade of Tabriz .It can show the position of the Tabriz business and its importance in international trade in this era.

Hamadan-Bahar plain has long been geographically and strategically characterized with different economic patterns and areas of its surroundings. The attention of Hamedan to the rulers during the Salajeq period also indicates its importance due to its special place in the Jebal state. the present paper investigates the most important of subsistence patterns on hamedan-Bahar plain and the effect of communication roads and environmental factors on the economy of this region. this study using library studies (Geographical and historical literature of the Islamic period), according to the nature of historical research and descriptive - analytical method, it has been descriptive to explain the economic situation of hamedan from the third century to 13th centuries. The results of the research show that the existence of two essential factors, including the favorable environmental status (temperate mountain climate with fertile soil) and other targeting of hamedan on the most important routes of east to west and vice versa, There has been a factor in the cultivation and frequency of all sorts of agricultural products as well as the presence of businessmen and local and foreign businessmen in the city That led to the economic boom in the region.

The Persian Constitutional Revolution which is famous as Mašrūṭa opened the way for cataclysmic change in Persia, declaring the modern era. It saw a period of unprecedented debate in a flourishing press. In the shadow of the Persian Constitutional Revolution, press and newspaper increased extensively to bring about and propagate the new ideas, values and thoughts of modernity. To grasp this unique opportunity, educated women used well known newspaper as a medium to broadcast their reformist and progressive thoughts. This article explores women’s writing in Iran Now newspaper to find out their themes, arguments and also the journalistic features of the articles. Studying all of related texts in the newspaper, the research uses qualitative research analysis to gather and analyze data. Findings display that firstly, they reported the social situation of their contemporary women, which implicates their dishonored and humiliated level of social dignity. Secondly, they underscored the necessity of women’s education, drawing three main factors out of those texts. Women’s education will prepare and equipped women for their main social roles of upbringing, their children as mothers and housekeeping as wives. Both of which bring about next qualified generation whom causes further progressive and civilized society.

g but this information is very obscure about the Sassanid and Islamic early era, especially the effects of the socio-political structure on the city's location. In this research, in order to investigate the process of effective factors in the residence of this important city of Sassanid and early Islam, these concepts have been considered: authoritative historical texts including literary, political and social, Sassanid districts' surveys, and also review and analyze the views of contemporary scholars. In sum, and by examining these sources and materials,. In the late Sassanid period, the architecture of the city was strongly influenced by the military and defensive architecture, taking into account the rule of the climbers and the indirect attacks of the eastern invading tribesmen. Therefore, besides the settlements of the people, there were fortresses, seyed Abad and the city are ruined. With the arrival of Muslims in Iran, the Konarangiaan with peace Muslims, as a result of many of these castles and landscapes, continue to exist at the beginning of the Islamic era, so that in the third and fourth centuries, with the formation and operation of the city of Tabaran, the settlements The Konarangiaan in the Sassanid era are abandoned forever and the cities of Noghan and Tabaran are thriving