نشریه مدیریت منابع انسانی در ورزش
سال ششم شماره 1 (پاییز و زمستان 1397)

The purpose of this research work was to design and define a volunteering model for sport students in Iran. The research method used was of descriptive-correlation type, and was based upon the structural equation modeling. This statistical research work included all the physical educational managers, MSc students and experts in the physical education department, professors and elites in sport management, strategic council of physical education and sport activities, and the ministry of physical education. The number of research samples in the random sampling method was determined to be 389 people. In order to ensure the reliability of the questionnaires through Cronbach's alpha, the reliability of the sport student volunteering management questionnaire was estimated to be 0.88. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, exploratory factor analysis test, and confirmatory factor analysis. Based on the findings of this study, eight areas were identified in the field of volunteering management in sport students, which included planning, organizing, recruiting, knowing and teaching, choosing and selecting, preservation and maintenance, and appreciating and performance evaluation. According to the nature of sport program performance in physical education that is done in a high level in terms of human force and costs, the low budget of this organization in protracted years and use of volunteer force in studying student sport seem to be very important.

The current study aimed at designing a green human resource management model in sport organizations. This research work was practical in terms of purpose and was descriptive-scrolling in terms of nature and method. The statistical population in the study included the experts and managers of the sport organizations in the Lorestan Province, twenty-four members of whom were selected by purposeful judgment sampling. The data collection tool was made by questionnaires, the validity and reliability of which were tested using the content validity and retest reliability. In this research work, the template of the developed model consisted of two parts. In the first section, through an exploratory study and the expert opinions, 14 main factors of success of Green Human Resource Management were identified. In the second part, using the interpretative-structural modeling approach, the relations and sequences of the variables were extracted in eight levels, and finally classified according to the power degree of influence and dependence. The findings showed an environmental conservation around the organization; the support of managers and shareholders acted as a basis. Respectively, these two factors had the most impact on the other variables, i.e. the triggering or exacerbation of other variables in the direction of Green Human Resource management in the organization. The model provides insight to managers, and can help them to use natural resources efficiently by applying techniques and strategies to help Green Human Resource management. It also enhances productivity, reduction of costs, and creation of a better atmosphere for the participation of individuals in the organization.

The purpose of this work was to present a selection of factors for the upper managers of sport organizations. This research work was functional, and its type was survey. The subjects were all the scientific board members of the sport management department, managers of the ministry of sport and youth, and the sport federations, among which 241 were randomly selected according to the Krejcie and Morgan table. For gathering the criteria, library study, related background review, and open interview with 7 professionals were used. Then a questionnaire was designed and organized with 57 factors in addition to confirming the face and content validity in 4 stages using the Delphi technique and the comments of 5 eminent sport management masters. In the final stage, and for evaluating the structure validity using the exploratory factor analysis, the pattern was confirmed with 2 criteria (congenital, adventitious), 6 sub-criteria, and 45 factors (conceptual congenital (9 factors), human congenital (6 factors), technical congenital (7 factors), conceptual adventitious (10 factors), human adventitious (6 factors), and technical adventitious (7 factors)). Using the criteria provided for selection of sport chief managers can increase the chance of organization success.

This study aimed to develop the effect of staffs’ psychological empowerment in a model on management crisis regarding the role of management change in Sport and Youth departments in the Isfahan Province. In this research work, 206 staff members of the Sport and Youth departments in the Isfahan Province were selected using the stratified random sampling. Three instruments were employed for measuring the psychological empowerment (Spreitzer, 1995) with a reliability of 0.81, management change (Mohammad Yari, 2001) with a reliability of 0.79, and management crisis (Pourhassan and Bakhsheshi, 2011) with a reliability of 0.80. The one-sample-t-test as well as the structural equation modeling were employed for analyzing the data. The results obtained indicated that the staffs psychological empowerment (M = 2.63 ± 0.98) as well as their management changed (M = 2.26 ± 1.15), and the management crisis (M = 2.51 ± 1.18) was not appropriately evaluated in the Sport and Youth departments in the Isfahan Province (P = 0.01). Furthermore, the results of the assumed model of study indicated that the staffs’ psychological empowerment directly affected improving their management change (β = 0.58) as well as their management crisis (β = 0.31) in those departments. Also the staffs’ psychological empowerment indirectly affected their management crisis (β = 0.35). Based on the results obtained, the emphasis on improving the staffs psychological empowerments can affect the development of their efficiency at the time of occupational changes as well as occurrence of the organizational crisis in addition to improvement in their occupational performances, which, from one hand, led to an increase in the efficiency of the Sport and Youth departments in the Isfahan Province, and, on the other hand, reduce the organizational losses from the financial, human, social, and political aspects

This work aimed to present a model for the effect of mental toughness on individual entrepreneurship with an emphasis on the role of mediator of self-efficacy in sport teachers in Golestan Province. This work was survey-correlated, and was based upon the structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the sport teachers in the Golestan Province with a population of 650 people. The accessible sampling method was used to select the sample. Based on the structural equation modeling, 480 individuals were considered as the sample. The instruments included three standard and adjusted questionnaires for measuring the mental toughness (Afsaneh pourak & Vaez mosavi, 2014), individual entrepreneurship (Kordnaeij, 2007), and self-efficacy (Asghari et al., 2006). The content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by 9 academic members of sport management. Also the convergent validity (mean extraction variance) was used for measuring the questionnaire construct validity. The reliability of the questionnaires was also measured by the Cronbach's alpha and the combined reliability tests. Testing the research questions and measuring the model fitting were confirmed by a structural equation modeling based on partial least squares. The results obtained indicate that mental toughness significantly improve self-efficacy (β = 0.332) and individual entrepreneurship (β = 0.284). Also self-efficacy improves the individual entrepreneurship (β = 0.573). Exercise in the education system requires entrepreneurship human resources that, despite some organizational, financial, and material constraints, can attract sponsors’ financially and spiritual support sources of funding for the identification and development of school sport talent. In this research work, it was shown that entrepreneurial human resources required intrinsic psychological and selfefficacy factors in order to control the situations ahead in facing challenges, and turn them into opportunities.

This research work was conducted for the analysis of the effective factors in the development of Iran sport industry. In this study, we had a qualitative approach, and we used the grounded theory as the research method. For gathering the data, we studied high-level documents, and interviewed 23 elites who were aware of the subject. The validity of this research work was examined and approved by the interviewers and then the views of expert professors. Its reliability was 0/90, which was obtained using the interstitial agreement method. For data analysis, we used the continuous comparison method in three stages: open, axial, and selective coding. Based on the results of the study of high hand-written documents and in-depth interviews, the depoliticize factors, efficient and effective management, structural reform, commercialization, privatization, environmental factors, human resource development, infra-structure upgrading, and development of standard sport spaces, designing a talent system and establishment of a sport industry development mechanism were identified and extracted as the effective components in the development of Iran sport industry. The results of this study showed that the main obstacles to the development of Iran sports industry was the politicization and the entry of retired military and state employees.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between the empowerment and the creativity of staff with leadership styles in physical education departments of Islamic Azad Universities in Iran. This research work was causal in terms of the applied purpose, and in terms of the nature of the work, it was conducted in a survey. The statistical population in this study was 800 people including all the staffs of the physical education departments in Islamic Azad Universities. The sample size was 260 by the Cochran formula. The questionnaires used in this research work were the Spritzer's Empowerment ones (1998), the Abedi Creativity Questionnaire (1984), and the Hersey-Blanchard Leadership Style Questionnaire (1986). In this work, for data analysis in the descriptive statistics section, statistical indicators such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used. In the inferential statistics section, structural equations were used to study the multivariate relationships and hypothesis testing. In the study of the relationship between the staff empowerment and the staff creativity in physical education departments, based on the results of structural equations, the path coefficient between the staff empowerment and the staff creativity was 0.86, which showed a significant relationship between these two variables. In the relationship between the creativity and leadership styles, there was a positive and significant relationship between the variables. Also the results obtained showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between the staff capability variable and the leadership styles in the physical education departments of the Azad University units. Based on the findings of this research work, it is recommended that the officials, managers, and policy-makers of the physical education departments of the Islamic Azad Universities pay special attentions to the empowerment of staffs as increasing capability, the self-esteem of staff also increases, and this promotes the creativity among them. In the meantime, with the appropriate leadership style, these factors can be used to increase the performance and efficiency of the organization.

The purpose of this work was to explain the role of organizational intelligence and organizational effectiveness by examining the mediating role of organizational learning among the staff of the sport and youth departments in South Khorasan. The method used in this research work was descriptive, and its design was a correlation type that was done by the field method. The statistical population of this work included all employees of the youth and sport departments in South Khorasan (190 people). 123 of them were selected as sample by the available sampling method. For data gathering, after confirming the validity and reliability, the three questionnaires organizational intelligence Albrecht (2002), organizational effectiveness of Hamidi (2003), and Chiva organizational learning (2005) were used. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used. The results obtained showed that organizational intelligence had a direct and significant effect on the organizational learning. Organizational learning also had a direct and significant effect on the organizational effectiveness. It was also observed that organizational intelligence had a direct and significant effect on the organizational effectiveness. Finally, the results indicated the indirect and significant effect of organizational intelligence on the organizational effectiveness through organizational learning. The findings of this research work indicated that the role of organizational learning as an intermediary in promoting organizational effectiveness was important. Therefore, while strengthening the organizational intelligence and organizational learning, it is possible to develop the effectiveness and subsequently the ability of the sports and youth departments to respond to the sporting needs of the community. Therefore, organizational intelligence, on one hand, independently improves organizational effectiveness, and, on the other hand, results from organizational learning.

In this work, we aimed to investigate the effect of the behavioral integrity and organizational policy perception on the trust of the staff in the Ministry of Sport and Youth. This was an applied study with a descriptive and correlational nature based on structural equation modeling. The studied population included the headquarter staff of the Ministry of Sport and Youth (N = 950). 274 individuals were selected as the sample of this population. The research work instrument included questionnaires of organizational policy perception (Kacmar and Carlson, 1997), staff trust in managers (Mayer et al., 1995; Schoorman and Ballinger, 2006), and behavioral integrity (Simons et al., 2007; Moorman et al., 2012). The facial and content validity as well as the reliability of all questionnaires were scrutinized for more insight. Moreover, SEM was employed for data analysis by means of Smartpls 3. The results obtained depicted that the behavioral integrity of managers with the coefficients of 02524 and -02624 had significant effects on the staff trust and organizational policy perception, respectively. Furthermore, organizational policy perception with the coefficient of -02379 had a significant effect on the staff trust. Investigating the effects of behavioral integrity and organizational policy perception on staff trust enables the managers to concentrate on suitable practices in order to reach more staff trust and better organizational performance.

The purpose of this work was to study the effect of Organizational Trust and Professional Commitment on Human Resource Productivity in Youths and sport general administration in the East Azarbaijan Province. The research method was descriptive-correlative. The statistical society in this research work was the staff of Sports and Youth Administration in the Azarbayjan-Sharghi Province, numbering 210, and the statistical sample was the whole society. The tools used in this work were Shafii’s Organizational Trust questionnaires (1390), Human ResourceProductivity Hersey and Goldsmith (1980), and Meyer et al. Professional Commitment. The fluency of the questionnaires was verified by 12 sport management professors. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaires was confirmed by the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient test. The data was analyzed by the help of the Pierson’s correlative statistical methods and modeling structural equations. The findings indicated that organizational trust had a direct and significant impact on the human resources efficiency. The professional commitment also had a direct and positive impact on the human resource efficiency. Finally, the model showed a good fit to the data. If the managers of the sports organizations in their planning pay attention to the issue of trust and also improve the professional commitment of current employees or attract employees with higher professional commitment to their priority, this can increase productivity in the organization.