نشریه نظریه های اجتماعی متفکران مسلمان
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 14، بهار و تابستان 1397)

Abu Nasr al-Farabi, as the founder of Islamic philosophy, emphasizing on Islamic teachings, attempted to re-read and revolutionize Greek sciences. Farabi's civil science, keeping harmony with the Islamic culture, is a result of this scientific endeavor. This article tries to explain this attempt using a fundamental methodology. Fundamental methodology explains how scientific theories articulated considering three theoretical dimensions including logical-epistemological, existential-social, and the impact of fundamental cultural interactions on the formation of a theory. In the third dimension, when a culture encounters with another one actively, the elements of the second culture are re-read on the base of fundamental elements of the first one. In the process of revision and reviewing, some elements of the second culture can be accepted and some others will be rejected. As a result, we witness a case of reconciliation of indigenous and exogenous cultures. Based on Farabi's civil science, fundamental elements of Islamic culture, formed by Rasoul (Prophet) and Greek political philosophy can be interpreted by means of a connection to active intellect (aqle fa`al).

Theoretical controversies about the relationship between modern science and religion have created a kind of classification of social thinkers. In this regard we can name three macro approaches of modernistic science, modified science, and Islamic traditionalist. Each of these approaches have discussed the possibility of religious science in general and Islamic social science in particular, and all of them are relied on philosophical presumptions targeting characteristics of an ideal society. This has resulted in disagreement and lack of social perspective needed to social theorizing. "Argumentative sociology" is a new format of epistemology in the realm of philosophy of sociology considering cultural and social changes in the new era. Argumentative sociology, emphasizing on the philosophical presumptions of theories of sociology and indicating desirable features of society, suggests that, with the help of more rational-philosophical axioms, it is possible to evaluate philosophical foundations of the theories and reach more reliable results via "experimental syllogism."

The purpose of this study is to identify and organize the components of “ethics of neighborhood behavior” referring to Imam Sajjad's, the fourth Shite Imam (pbuh). This is done using a content analysis and descriptive-analytic method. For this purpose, two Imam Sajad's   books called “Sahifeh Sajjadiyeh” and a “Treatise on Rights” were studied analytically. The moral values in neighborhood behavior were extracted and formulated on nine categories including general ethics of neighborhood, the suffering neighbor's rights, code of conduct regarding philanthropic neighbor, ethics of complaining about a neighbor, ethics of neighborhood consultation, the way of behaving old age neighbors, behaving with the neighbors'  children, and the ethics of dealing with an evil neighbor. Also, the cognitive, emotional and attitudinal foundations of neighboring behavior identified and explained. Base on this results the concept of "Neighborhood" goes beyond and much broader than a physical proximity. In other words neighborhood means a kind of symbiosis with a sense of belonging, support, responsibility, and strict morality, which can transform a group of households into a coherent social unit.

Today, given the development of complex urban problems, the necessity of paying attention to solutions related to Iranian-Islamic cities, in accordance with the cultural, social, political and physical context, seems evident. Meanwhile, studying Muslim thinkers' thoughts can be of importance in finding solution to the complexities of the cities. Abu Ali Sina, as a great Muslim scholar, has contributed to the development of urban thoughts considerably. In particular, his concept of Medina of Adela (the city of justice) is innovatory in the realm of theories of urban planning and urban development. The present paper aims to explore Abu Ali Sina's views on urbanization, identifying the characteristics of a desirable city, unfolding dimensions of social life in the urban environment, as well as explaining socio-economic, political, and physical relations in an urban society. The research method in this study is a combination of content analysis, deductive-descriptive methods, as well as causal analysis and meta-analysis. Our findings show that the existence of a healthy urban community requires attention to all aspects of social, economic, political and physical relations, so that these subsystems can be related to each other as a whole and each part affect the other ones systematically.

The purpose of this study is to address the emergence of a religious politico-religious discourse in Iran during 1960's. What historical conditions bolstered the formation of this new discourse in the cultural space of Iran? What factors provided the resources and social space needed to produce this discourse? The researcher, using a combined theoretical model, attempt to explain social and cultural developments in Iran in the given time period carefully and seeks to explore the "emergence of a crisis in the moral order of society", the way of "resource mobilization" and providing "interaction chains" for the formation of politico-religious discourse. Finally, the researcher discusses the implications of this research to understand the relationship between ideology and social structure.

Iranian Islamic revolution in 1979 provided new attitudes toward woman's social participation. The present paper is an attempt to investigate three intellectual traditions concerning women's social participation in the four recent decades. These three ways of thinking about women social status, which can be considered as the most important intellectual currents in the Islamic Republic of Iran include, Islamic traditionalism, Islamic modernism, and Islamic civilization approach. This paper, using documentary method, focuses on the main components of each tradition and introduces the pattern of women's participation in society according to each of them. At the end, the paper categorizes the discussed participation patterns as family-oriented, community-oriented and progressive-oriented, and draws a comprehensive model of the theoretical approach of Islamic civilization tradition. A comparative study of these traditions indicates that the Islamic civilization approach, with systemic attitude and evolutionary orientation, provides a rather complete model for women's participation in an Islamic society.

Currently, there is a number of feminisms including, liberal, socialist, egalitarian, religious seeking difference, secular, radical, and moderate. "We are not faced with feminism, we are faced with feminisms". So, addressing women's critical issues and their widespread entry into the scene of social life, which couldn't be avoidable in any case, is an urgent issue. One of the main barriers to achieve the women's movement attainment to the minimum desirable demands over the course of the three hundred years of struggle, has been that, the commitment to Pure Experimental Science and separation from Faith has depleted the main source of moral responsibility. Feminist Theologians attempt to revitalize accountability with the aid of faith. This article, inspired by a Simmelian perspective in the social sciences research method, seeks to provide inspirational types for the construction and future of feminist theory. This attempt, has ultimately resulted in eight types of feminisms.  A case study of a recent "Acid attack motivated by love" in Iran, indicates the fruitfulness of the resulted typology.