فصلنامه مطالعات امنیت اجتماعی
سال ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 42، تابستان 1394)

especially among young people, poses physical financial and mental losses on families, so that it can be concluded that hazardous behaviors have become one of the most important and the most prominent concerns of human societies. The present article aims at reviewing the relationship between social, cultural and economic capitals; and hazardous behavior. The research is of survey type. The statistical community comprises of individuals ranging from 39-15.According to the public headcount of Iranian Calendar Year1391 (ended on 20 March 2012) their number was 723246. N=384, who were selected through random cluster sampling and using Cochran formula to be examined as statistical community of the research. The tool used for gathering information is questionnaire. Content credit is used for estimating apparent validity; in addition, reliability of the questionnaire is used by Chronbach alpha technique. The results of the research indicates that linear and negative correlation between social capital variable and its threefold aspects with all the seven aspects of hazardous behaviors( except the correlation between social support and social collaboration and alcohol consumption) is approved at a significant level of 0.1 and %99 confidence. The linear and negative relationship between objective cultural capital and reckless driving, drug abuse, violence, smoking cigarette, tendency toward suicide and hazardous behavior has been approved. The results of the analysis and regression analysis also indicate that independent variables of the research, have expressed %24 of the changes in dependent variable.

Societal security feeling is among the important indices of life quality, and being aware of the level of this index is of high importance to urban and security organizers and managers. The present research is aimed at measuring the level of societal security feeling among inhabitants of old Safeyn neighborhood in Kish Island and analyzing its relationship with various factors. The research is of applied and development type and has been conducted in a descriptive and analytical way. Information is gathered through using documents and field study. In the field study method, information is gathered through using questionnaire and conducting interviews. The statistical community includes inhabitants of the old neighborhood of Safeyn in Kish Island. The volume of statistical sample is calculated based on Cochran formula, and 220 questionnaires have been used for this purpose. The results stipulated in the questionnaires were analyzed by statistical models using SPSS. The results of the research indicate that the inhabitants of the neighborhood enjoy a fair level of societal security feeling (%80).Security feeling has a significant relationship with some issues: being fond of the neighborhood, level of relationship among neighbors, level of trust in police, social and economic characteristics of people; quality of the structure, reconstruction and renovation of the neighborhood. These indices contribute to the level of societal security feeling.

The present research is aimed at sociological review of factors contributing to societal trust on the part of businessmen in Bam in the Iranian calendar year1392 (ended on 20 March 2013).The main issue examined in this research is the gap between interpersonal trust and generalized trust compared with institutional trust in police. Given the importance of the position of place in establishment of order and security, especially in Bam which has experienced fatal earthquakes during the last decade, the level of collaboration of people-oriented bodies (NGOs) with police has significantly affected the level of institutional trust in the city of Bam. The research is conducted through survey method and using questionnaire. Regression and path analysis is used to explain the intensity of impact of security feeling variables, and tendency toward collaboration with police as well as satisfaction with police’s performance in strengthening institutional trust is dealt with. The results of the research indicates that social collaboration and citizens’ security feeling have indirectly affected institutional trust with intensity level of 0.152 and 0.274,respectively.The results of the research indicate that satisfaction with police’s performance through impacting the social variable (0.542) and security feeling( 0.438) have indirectly led to enhancement of institutional trust toward police.

Security is the first human's expectation of governments that its dimensions are extended and become legalled today. The traditional conception of security means no military threats but today in modern and postmodern periods, traditional conception of security have been major changes. Providing of order and security without identifying its threats and Complications in the political, social, military and cultural spheres will not possible, both at internal and external areas. The aim of this study is, understanding the social contexts of public security. The research method is describing method and the technique of collecting data and information is library and documentary. This article tries to examine the background factors and internal components of public security, which includes the five identified factors social, political, economic, cultural and policing with theoretical argument.

The present article generally aims at reviewing the relationship between various types of societal trust including fundamental trust, interpersonal trust, generalized trust and institutional/civil trust; and citizens’ social security feeling in terms of political, social and physical security. The research is of survey type, and has been conducted through using questionnaire, among citizens of age 18 and 18 plus in Kashan city in Iranian calendar year 1391(ended on March 2012 21).Multistage cluster sampling was used in the research. N=362, which was considered through using Cochran formula. Although 400 questionnaires were distributed, just 359 questionnaires were filled in by citizens, and the required information was extracted from them. The most important results of testing the relationship between research variables indicated that there is significant relationship between the examined aspects of societal trust in this research including fundamental trust, interpersonal trust, generalized trust, institutional/civil trust; and manifold aspects of societal security feeling. While considering examination of the relationship between context variables (gender, age, marital status, occupation, level of education, and family income) and societal security feeling it came out that there is no significant relationship between these two variables. The results achieved from analyzing multivariables indicate that the research independent variables have managed to explain %24 of the changes of dependent variables. The findings achieved from path analysis curve indicate that the total impact level of interpersonal trust on societal security feeling is %10,on variable of institutional/civil trust is %45,onvariable of occupational status is %10,and finally on variable of marital status is %13.

Human communities, while passing through social and historical events, are identified and recognized by changes and developments they experience. However, the quantity and quality of these developments differs from community to community. Despite all differences existing in the issue of social development, it is inevitable. This development is inclusive so that the whole society undergoes changes when it comes to the meaning of the integrity of its components in terms of structure, process and representation. Such a development creates conditions wherein modern communities are referred to as evolved and changing communities. When development in communities becomes vast, it causes changes in quantity, quality and risk coefficient. In this regard, their analysis has led to concentration on many papers and ideas pertaining to risk and security. The present article attempts to review changes in issues like community, risk and security based on using conceptual reasoning method, and reviews three issues: evolved community, risk and soft security as well as the link between them through utilizing structuralism method in conceptual and theoretical atmosphere.

A questionnaire was designed based on the above-mentioned models and Susan Lynz’s questionnaire to review and examine personnel’s organizational commitment; and it was distributed among 157 staff of the University. Two main hypotheses and six minor hypotheses raised in the research to answer the questions raised. Pearson correlation coefficient is used to test the hypotheses which examine the relationship between citizens’ organizational behavior and organizational commitment and it came out that there is positive and significant relationship between citizens’ organizational behavior and organizational commitment of personnel of AMIN University. The results of the regression indicate that %65 of the changes in organizational commitment may have something to do with changes in citizens’ organizational behavior, while other changes may be related to other factors. Friedman test was used to prioritize aspects of citizens’ organizational behavior. Chief among these aspects on the part of behavior of the personnel of AMIN University are: social customs, courtesy, professional conscience, philanthropy, citizenship virtue and chivalrousness. However, given the current situation of organizational commitment, organizational commitment on the part of the personnel of AMIN University if of high level.

Occupational exhaustion is among the most prominent occupational issues that appear in the form of reaction toward occupational and organizational pressures on the part of staff involved in providing human services. Occupational exhaustion means reduction of the potential to get along with pressure factors. It is also some sort of syndrome which is a combination of physical and emotional exhaustion, negative vision toward the job, as well as state of not feeling positive relationship with clients. Continuation of occupational exhaustion on the part of personnel of an organization is undesirable for any social order and organizational performance, and its expansion leads to lack of interest in accepting responsibilities and reduction of the level of occupational conscience, and some other abnormalities. The present article is aimed at identifying and reviewing occupational exhaustion on the part of NAJA social workers as well as factors contributing to it. The research is of quantitative type, and has been conducted through using survey. The statistical community of the research includes all NAJA social workers. The tool used in the research is Maslach and Jackson standard questionnaire which is approved by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.84 for the Iranian sample. Validity of the self–made questionnaire for measurement of factors contributing to occupational exhaustion with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.81 has been approved. The results of the research indicate that there is significant relationship between age, gender, marital status, inter-organizational relations, high load of work, features of the role, job security, and contribution to decision makings; and occupational exhaustion. The results of the regression also indicated that independent variables of the research forecast 0.28 of the changes of dependent variables. The results of the research indicate that social support in the organization, creating job security, establishment of considerable interindividual informal groups among personnel of an organization (approved hypothesis) are chief among the effective strategies which leads to facilitation of the adaptive behaviors of NAJA social workers and other NAJA staff .In other words, when we face such cases, the level of stress and tension of staff is reduced, and leads to reduction of occupational tension; and as a result, the level of occupational exhaustion reduces.