نشریه راهبردهای توسعه روستایی
سال پنجم شماره 4 (پیاپی 20، زمستان 1397)

This survey research was carried out to investigate the effects of tourism development on rural areas of central District of Boyer-Ahmad Township. The research population included 1,180 rural households from two groups of villages including with and without tourists. According to the Krejcie and Morgan Table, two hundred ninety eighty rural households were determined as the sample size. The samples were selected using stratified random sampling with proportional allocation. The data were collected by a researcher made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability was also confirmed by calculating the Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient. The results of comparing the situations of the two supposed groups five years ago (before the tourism boom) showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups (with and without tourism) in terms of the social and the capital attention to local customs, the tendency to live in a village, occupation and environmental awareness in which they have had higher mean score in villages with tourists. Moreover, comparing the current situation of these groups showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups, with and without tourists in terms of social offences and environmental awareness in such a way that tourism had a negative effect in terms of social factors and it led to increased social offences and it had a positive effect on environmental factors such as increasing environmental awareness of rural households. Furthermore, tourism had no considerable effect on rural areas in terms of economic and infrastructural factors.

Rural development is one of the most important discussions in every community, especially in developing societies. Considering the importance of rural development and its relationship with rural entrepreneurship, the present study aimed to investigate the innovation index and its impact on rural development with an emphasis on the role of mediator of rural entrepreneurship in North Khorasan province. In this study, a questionnaire was distributed among entrepreneurs in the agricultural sector of North Khorasan Province to analyze the data using a Delphi method. According to the provincial agricultural Jihad Department, 42 entrepreneurs are active in the agricultural sector of the province, of which only 30 were available for the sample. For analyzing the data, SPSS software was used to test the hypotheses and the Bootstrapping method was used to analyze the mediating variable. The results of the research indicate that there is a direct relationship between rural innovation and rural development. Also, rural entrepreneurship, which has been considered as an intermediary variable, has been effective in rural development.

Processing and Complementary industries are faculties witch work on producing and processing different agricultural products. Main purpose of this study is to scrutinize the obstacles and problems of active processing and complementary industry units in Sari county from viewpoint of the managers witch is conducted with survey method. The population of this study contains 192 managers of active processing and complementary industry units in sari county witch got license from “Jahad keshavarzi” or “ministry of Industry, mine and Trade” till 2014. Sampling method of this study is simple random and the sample size (using morgan table) has 122 cases. Combining the attributive study and survey method is used for gathering data and needed information. For data analysis descriptive statistical analysis and factor analysis is used. The results of this research showed that five factors: economic, institutional and legal, inputs and materials, cultural and social, technical and technological, with the percentage of explanation 12.255, 11.22, 10.982, 10.614 and 9.82 as barriers and problems of conversion industries respectively And complementary in the city of Sari were extracted and named.

Nowaday, the relationship between the two concepts of social capital and social welfare is evident, to the point where it can be admitted that by storing social capital more conditions can be created that achieve a high level of social welfare in most communities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of social capital factors on wellbeing in rural regions, Bala-darband Dehestan of Kermanshah County. In this study, a survey was conducted using a questionnaire. Face validity was confirmed by a panel of experts. Statistical population of the study was the head of rural households in Bala-darband Dehestan, that using multi-stage random cluster sampling, 160 subjects were selected. In order to investigate the fitness of latent variables and test of hypothesis, structural equation modeling with LISRELver8.50 software was used. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) confirmed the consistency with the theoretical assumptions. Results of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) showed that social capital factors such as social trust (t=3/18, γ=0/28), social solidarity (t=2/00, γ=0/17) and knowledge (t=4/18, γ=0/44) were the most important determinants to predict wellbeing of rural households and explain 51 percent of variability in the rural wellbeing. Finally, the study offered applied achievements to rural development custodians and managers for improving social capital factors.

In the last few decades, the concept of quality of life as one of the most fundamental development concepts that addresses the evaluation of individual and community’s well-being has attracted the scholars, the planners and the governments. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the effects of the market orientation on the components of the quality of life in the Piran rural district. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic based on field data. The statistical population in this research is the villages of the Piran village which are subject to the central district of Piranshahr. The method of selecting villages in this research was based on their distance from the border market. The villages were divided into three categories according to their distance to the border market. Three villages were selected from each category. In order to complete the questionnaires, fifteen heads of households were considered equally in each village. A total of 135 questionnaires were completed by the samples. The findings showed that based on the views of the studied community, the quality of education, the quality of leisure time, the quality of health, and hygiene are all lower than the average. The border market did not have any impact on the improvement of these components of quality of life. The quality of infrastructure, employment and income, and the quality of the residential environment are moderately evaluated, suggesting that the border market has somewhat affected these components. Moreover, the results indicate that the village of Shin Abad is the highest and Badabad village has the lowest quality of life.

One of the approaches to attain psychological empowerment of villagers and change their livelihood pattern is to pay attention to their motives and motivations, which allows individuals who look forward to the future be filled with events, trends, prospects and actions plus their current demands based on future needs. Therefore, the main objective of this research study is to investigate future psychological empowerment of villagers in changing their livelihood pattern. The present study is an applied research study carried out in a descriptive-analytical manner in terms of its nature and method. The statistical population of the study consists of all rural households in the Sistan region, which is based on the year 2016 statistics with 60075 households in 796 rural areas. Initially, based on the Sharp formula, 40 villages were selected and the sample size was determined using the Cochran formula at 95% level of 321 households. They were randomly selected to complete the questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson, regression and stepwise regression algorithms in the SPSS22 software package. The GIS10.1 software was used for spatial analysis and drawing maps. The results of this study showed that there is a meaningful relationship between rural empowerment of villagers and their livelihood pattern, such that psychological work with moderate intensity and variance of 45.5% is effective in changing the livelihood pattern of these villagers.

Although information technology has attracted a lot of attention, quantitative research has been carried out by farmers to measure the adoption of ICTs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting adoption of ICT by saffron workers in the city of Torbat Heydareih. In 2017, 20 vilages randomly selected from 134 villages in Torbat Heydareih region and 20 questionnaires per each village were distributed in each village, which returned 384 questionnaires. SPSS-PLS software was used to investigate the hypotheses and variables of the research. The results of the study showed that between the ease of use and the perceived usefulness, ease of use and attitude of use of information and communication technology, perceived usefulness and intention of use, ease of perception and attitude, attitude and intent of use, facilitating conditions and perceived usefulness, meaningful relationship There is. Moreover, the results of the research showed that there is not a significant relationship between facilitating the conditions and the intention to use ICT.

Nowadays, expanding entrepreneurship culture which depends on nurturing skills, abilities and entrepreneurial capabilities in societies and providing appropriate ethical business setting is regarded as one of the main factors for the economic development of societies. Thus, identifying entrepreneurial traits, skills, and abilities and particularly rural entrepreneurial competencies can be of great help to advance this issue. Therefore, the main objective of the present descriptive study is to identify and prioritize rural entrepreneurship skills. Key informants who participated in this research study were seven academic rural development experts who were selected based on Judgement (or Purposive) sampling to achieve theoretical saturation. The archival research technique was used to elicit and specify rural entrepreneurial skills, and then the structured protocols were used to collect information regarding the importance of the elicited skills. Data processing was done using the Artificial Neural Network technique in the MATLAB software. The results showed that social relationships, marketing and customer management skills, strategic planning, business startup and administration, and risk management ranked first to fifth, respectively. Among the five categories of entrepreneurship skills, “opportunity skills” and “management skills” ranked first and last, respectively. Some suggestions are provided in order to develop rural entrepreneurial skills based on the results obtained in this research study.