فهرست مطالب

Chronic Diseases Journal - Volume:7 Issue: 1, Winter 2019

Chronic Diseases Journal
Volume:7 Issue: 1, Winter 2019

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/12/29
  • تعداد عناوین: 10
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  • Rohollah Kalhor, Jalil Azimian, Soheyla Gholami, Fatemeh Darzi, Ramandi *, Saeideh Moosavi, Mahnaz Layeghifar Pages 1-9
    BACKGROUND
    As the second leading cause of death, cancer is among the most stressful life events. It affects not only the afflicted patients, but also their families. Hospitalization of children with cancer faces their parents with many challenges and problems. This study was made to explore the hospitalization-related experiences among the parents of children with cancer.
    METHODS
    This qualitative phenomenological study was made in 2015–2016 in the hematology and oncology care unit of a teaching hospital located in Qazvin, Iran. Sampling was done purposefully and was ended once data saturation was achieved. Consequently, fifteen parents of children with cancer were recruited. Semi-structured interviews were held for data collection. The data were analyzed through the seven-step hermeneutic data analysis process proposed by Diekelmann and Ironside (1998).
    RESULTS
    Two main categories were extracted from the data which included “the shadow of government administration” and “the role of support systems”. The former refers mainly to accommodations in hospital settings and the process of clinical care delivery, while the latter points to the parents’ psychological experiences of presence in hospital settings. These themes came under the overarching main theme of “lump in throat: the suffering of the parents of children with cancer”.
    CONCLUSION
    Study findings reveal that parents’ experiences of hospitalization greatly depend on their perceptions of the environmental conditions of hospital settings. Moreover, the findings showed that negative hospitalization-related experiences could lead to many adverse consequences for patients, families, and healthcare providers.
    Keywords: Cancer, Children, Parents
  • Shahram Sadeghi, Nammam Ali Azadi, Bayan Vakili, Parinaz Mahdavi * Pages 10-15
    BACKGROUND
    Fast food consumption is one of the risk factors for human health. The present study was conducted with the objective to investigate how students’ characteristics (attitude, control beliefs, and normative beliefs) motivate the consumption of fast food.
    METHODS
    In this cross-sectional study, a total number of 401 students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran, were randomly selected and studied in 2015. A questionnaire was administered to collect information about student’s demographic characteristics as well as their attitudes and beliefs towards using fast food. Correlation analysis and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) followed by univariate ANOVA were used to interpret the results.
    RESULTS
    The mean age of participants was 21.20 ± 2.80 years and 254 (67.20%) of them were female. Furthermore, 60.54% of the students were found with tendency to use fast food. The MANOVA analysis showed that the effect of gender on students’ characteristics was significant (P = 0.005), however the effect of grade was marginally insignificant (P = 0.053). Post-hoc univariate ANOVA showed that the gender was highly associated with control beliefs (P = 0.030) and normative beliefs (P = 0.004). No significant association was found between gender and student’s attitude (P = 0.610).
    CONCLUSION
    A training program for medical students in Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences is recommended to encourage students to reduce the consumption of fast food.
    Keywords: Attitude, Beliefs, Fast Food, Students
  • Hamidreza Jamshidi, Ali Asghar Asgharnejad Farid * Pages 16-21
    BACKGROUND
    This study was carried out aiming to investigate the identity crisis and emotional intelligence in prediction of addiction susceptibility among students.
    METHODS
    This study was a correlational-descriptive design with the population consisting of all high school students of Tehran City, Iran, in 2017-2018. 358 high school students were selected by cluster sampling method. Instruments for gathering data were identity crisis questionnaire (Ahmadi), emotional intelligence questionnaire (Bradbury-Graves), and tendency to substance use scale. Then, the data were analyzed using SPSS software and statistical tests such as Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis.
    RESULTS
    Based on study findings, there was a statistically significant relationship between identity crisis and emotional intelligence with addiction susceptibility among students. In addition, the results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that social awareness, identity crisis, and relation management significantly predicted 26% of changes in addiction susceptibility.
    CONCLUSION
    By designing psychological interventions based on these variables, one can diminish the probability of substance use in at-risk groups. Theoretical and practical implications of the results presented have been discussed.
    Keywords: Identity Crisis, Peer Influence, Emotional Intelligence, Substance-Related Disorders, Adolescents
  • Mozhdeh Zarei, Fariba Teiri, Nasrin Soufizadeh, Ayeshe Haji, Esmaeelpour, Fardin Gharibi, Masoud Rasolabadi * Pages 22-27
    BACKGROUND
    Sexual satisfaction and ultimately marital satisfaction have a significant role in couples' adaptation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sexual function and marital satisfaction of married Kurdish women referred to health centers in Sanandaj, Iran, in 2016.
    METHODS
    This cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 married women referred to health centers in Sanandaj City in 2016. Sexual function information was collected using the standard Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire. In order to investigate the marital satisfaction, the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Inventory (MSI) was also used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Pearson correlation test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used.
    RESULTS
    In terms of adultery scales, the sexual satisfaction for majority of women was moderate. The average score of sexual satisfaction was 20.37 ± 8.40 from 36. Between sexual satisfaction with age (r = 0.223) and spouse's age (r = 0.26), correlation was inversely significant (P = 0.0001). Sexual function was significantly correlated with the level of adultery scales including sexual satisfaction, communication, conflict resolution, and ideal distortion (P < 0.0500).
    CONCLUSION
    Given that sexual performance in this study was moderate and there was a relationship between sexual satisfaction and marital satisfaction, sexual education and counseling to women and men during marriage by health and social systems is recommended.
    Keywords: Coitus, Sexual Behavior, Orgasm
  • Asiyeh Khaledi, Hadi Hashemi, Razini *, Mohammad Hossein Abdollahi Pages 28-34
    BACKGROUND
    The present study was conducted with the aim of examining and comparing different components of executive functions (inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, working memory, planning) of 3 groups of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), children with specific learning disorder (LD), and normal children.
    METHODS
    Statistical society of the study included all 7-12 year-old students of Lordegan City, Iran, in the school year of 2015-2016. To carry out this study, 26 normal children were selected by multistage cluster sampling method and 22 children with ADHD and 18 children with specific LD through convenience sampling method. The causal-comparative method was exploited to perform the study. The tools used included clinical interview, Conners questionnaire, the forms filled in by the teachers of children with ADHD, Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT), and the Tower of London (TOL), active memory, and Wisconsin cards. The analysis was performed using SPSS software with descriptive and inferential statistics [multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)].
    RESULTS
    The results showed that, children with ADHD and specific learning disability were lower in 3 areas of performance of working memory, planning, and inhibition performance in comparison to the normal group, however there was no significant difference among groups in terms of flexibility performance.
    CONCLUSION
    In this study, it has been shown that the problems emerging among the exceptional children studied in this study, namely, children with ADHD, and children with learning disabilities, are rooted in their brain functions.
    Keywords: Executive Functions, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Specific Learning Disorder
  • Hooshang Jadidi *, Roonak Rezaie Pages 35-40
    BACKGROUND
    Adolescence is one of the most active and exciting times in the family life cycle. Access to cyberspace (telegram and instagram) for teenagers and young people is increasing day by day. One of the factors that can play a role in using the internet is personality traits. The purpose of the present study was to compare the personality characteristics of social networks’ user and non-user female students of district 1 high schools in Sanandaj City, Iran.
    METHODS
    The research was of a causal type with a practical purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted of all social networks’ user and non-user female students of high schools in district 1 of Sanandaj City in the academic year of 2017-2018. In order to do this research, 123 female high school students who were social networks users and 123 social networks’ non-user female high school students were selected randomly by random sampling. The tool used was HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised (HEXACO-PI-R). The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) using SPSS software.
    RESULTS
    There was a significant difference between the two groups in the components of personality traits (honesty-humility, emotionality, extroversion, and openness to experience) (P < 0.050).
    CONCLUSION
    Since prevention is prior to treatment, considering the results of this study, this phenomenon should be considered as an important social issue. And through proper education, the culture of proper use of social network and its facilities replaces the wrong methods.
    Keywords: Personality Features, Social Networking, Students
  • Rohollah Kalhor, Saeideh Moosavi, Seyed Amir Farzam, Omid Khosravizadeh, Mohammad Amin Hematgar, Mehdi Zeynali, Soheyla Gholami * Pages 41-48
    BACKGROUND
    In medical organizations, utilizing evidence-based practice (EBP) helps nurses and patients make the best decision in health care in certain clinical settings. Hence, recognizing its educational barriers is so important.
    METHODS
    The present study was a descriptive-analytical research that was conducted using a cross-sectional design in 6 teaching hospitals of Qazvin City, Iran, in 2014. The study sample consisted of 260 nurses. Based on the number of the nurses working in each hospital, the study sample was chosen by a stratified random method. Two questionnaires were employed to collect the required data. The first questionnaire was Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire (EBPQ) that evaluates nurses’ understanding of EBP. The second questionnaire was related to measuring the barriers to utilization of research by the nurses that was developed by Funk et al. For analyzing the collected data, frequency distribution tables, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and linear regression coefficient were used.
    RESULTS
    The total mean of EBP among the nurses was at a level above average. The subscales of knowledge/skill (3.74) and attitude (3.87) had a lower average compared to the subscale of practice (4.14). The total mean of the barriers was 3.07. According to the results of the present study, organization and adopter had the highest and lowest means, respectively.
    CONCLUSION
    Identifying the barriers that affect effective EBP implementation can help nurses achieve their goals by removing these obstacles, building the necessary infrastructure, and providing human, physical, and financial resources.
    Keywords: Evidence-Based Practice, Knowledge, Attitude, Nursing, Teaching Hospitals, Iran
  • Mehdi Mohammadi, Ali Jalili, Bahram Nikkhoo, Daem Roshani, Kaveh Tari, Farshad Sheikhesmaili * Pages 49-52
    BACKGROUND
    Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is an adhesion molecule which is expressed on the epithelial cells and primarily identified as a tumor marker for carcinoma. In this study, the expression of EpCAM in precancerous and cancerous gastric lesions was investigated and then, the association of EpCAM expression with the overall survival of patient suffering from gastric carcinoma was evaluated.
    METHODS
    12 gastric carcinoma, 3 dysplasia, and 8 intestinal metaplasia (IM) subjects were taken from the department of pathology of Tohid Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran. The diagnosis was made by the expert pathologist. Then, the subjects were stained for EpCAM by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and analyzed by the pathologist.
    RESULTS
    The data showed that EpCAM was expressed in all of the precancerous and cancerous samples. However, 76.4% of carcinoma cells were positive for EpCAM while it was 62.5% and 51.3% for dysplasia and IM, respectively. Importantly, it was observed that the expression of EpCAM on gastric cancer was negatively correlated with the overall survival of the patients.
    CONCLUSION
    In conclusion, it was demonstrated in this study that EpCAM is expressed in gastric carcinoma and its expression is negatively correlated with the overall survival of the patients with gastric cancer.
    Keywords: Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule, Gastric Cancer, Tumors
  • Akindayo Olufunto Akinyamoju *, Victoria Nwebuni Okoje, Bukola Folasade Adeyemi Pages 53-61
    BACKGROUND
    Chronic inflammation is a persistent inflammation characterized by tissue repair which may occur around the jaws due to varying causes. This study aims to review its clinico-pathologic features.
    METHODS
    The study location was the Oral Pathology Laboratory, University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria. Archival records were examined and all entries made as histopathological diagnosis of a chronic inflammatory lesion were identified and included in the study. The clinical data regarding age, gender, site of lesion, clinical diagnosis, and histopathological diagnosis were extracted from the histopathology reports of the patients. Data were presented using summary statistics and analysed with the SPSS software. Chi-square test was used to test the association between age, gender, and histopathological diagnosis. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.050.
    RESULTS
    Orofacial lesions diagnosed as chronic inflammatory lesions were 95, constituting 4.6% of 2046 diagnoses made. They occurred mostly in the 21-40 years age group recording 34.0%-35.8% of cases. The mean age of men was 36.6 ± 19.0 years, while for women was 49.0 ± 21.5 [t = -2.82, degree of freedom (df) = 95,
    P = 0.006]. Women were more affected while the mandible was the most commonly affected site, making up 41.0%/43.2% of cases. Non-specific chronic inflammation was the most frequently diagnosed lesion constituting 31.0%/32.6% of cases followed by chronic osteomyelitis constituting 29.0%/30.5%.
    CONCLUSION
    Summarily, chronic inflammatory lesions are rarely seen around the jaws and orofacial region. Larger studies on these rare lesions are advocated to further assess their prevalence globally.
    Keywords: Chronic Disease, Inflammation, Jaw, Fece
  • Ahmad Fotoohi, Bayazid Ghaderi, Mohsen Rajabnia, Chenari *, Rojin Ramezani, Amir Reza Hajati Pages 62-65
    BACKGROUND
    Melanoma originates from melanocytes, which are dendritic pigmented cells. Malignant melanoma is divided into cutaneous and non-cutaneous types, and cutaneous one is the most common type. Gastric melanoma has rarely been reported, and is divided into primary and secondary categories.
    CASE REPORT
    We report a 63-year-old woman with continues epigastric pain complaining of bloody defecation with elucidated blood, lack of appetite, weight loss, and icteric skin. She was a known case of hypertension, and a surgery of the left eye mass was done for her, which the patient's eye was discharged completely. The patient's biopsy sample was not sent for pathology, and there was no pathology result. The patient was evaluated with endoscopy because of epigastric pain of 6 months before. In addition to class A esophagitis, a nodule with an approximate dimension of 1 cm was seen in the Z-line of the esophagus, and two black lesions in the greater curvature of the stomach were seen, which biopsy of all these lesions was done. In the pathological study of biopsy specimens in a microscopic view, the replication of scattered hotspots in submucosa with atypical cells, large nuclei, and dark brown pigmentation were observed. In the immunohistochemistry study, HMB-25, Ki-67, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and S100 were positive. Ultimately, the patient was diagnosed with melanoma.
    CONCLUSION
    This report demonstrates the importance of medical documentation in determining the origin of diseases. as, if there was documentary evidence of the evacuated eye mass, differentiation of the primary or metastatic melanoma was possible.
    Keywords: Melanoma, Skin Neoplasms, Metastasis